Notes

The leaves, shoots, flowers, fruits and bark have been traditionally used in Chinese medicine. All parts of the tree are used in ethnomedicine to treat a range of conditions. It has a range of activities including astringent, antitussive, antiinflammatory and carminative and well as beneficial effects on joint and arthritic pain, and wound healing. It has also been used as a female aphrodisiac, a liver and spleen tonic, a treatment for diarrhoea, osteoporosis and stomach problems.