Notes

A tea made from the bark is antiperiodic, aromatic, mildly diaphoretic, laxative, stimulant, tonic. It has historically been used as a substitute for quinine in the treatment of malaria. An infusion has been used in the treatment of stomach ache and cramps. A hot infusion of the bark has been snuffed to treat sinus problems and has also been held in the mouth to treat toothaches.