3 Rungia Leaves and petioles Food Leaves and young shoots - raw, cooked or used as a flavouring 6,276 4 Creat Root Medicinal The roots and leaves are considered to be alterative, anthelmintic, bitter, febrifuge, stomachic and tonic 6,277 5 Nejayae Seed Food 6,278 6 Alpine Almond Seed Medicinal The oil from the seed is alterative, antibacterial and stimulant 6,279 7 Calamus Rhizome Food The rhizome is candied and made into a sweetmeat 6,280 8 Hardy Kiwi Fruit Food 6,281 9 New Zealand Spinach Leaves and petioles Food 6,282 10 Aizoon Leaf Food 6,283 11 Old-world Arrowhead Tuber Food 6,284 12 Fodder Beet Leaf Food The leaves and stems of young plants are steamed briefly and eaten as a vegetable; older leaves and stems are stir-fried and have a flavour resembling taro leaves 6,285 13 Goosefoot Hull Feed (Forage/Fodder) 6,286 14 Tropical Amaranth Whole (without root) Food In tropical Africa and elsewhere Amaranthus spinosus leaves and young plants are collected for home consumption as a cooked, steamed or fried vegetable, especially during periods of drought. 6,296 15 Garlic Bulb Food The bulb, composed of so-called cloves, is mainly used for flavouring meat, fish, sauces and salads, raw or cooked, or more recently in dehydrated form. 6,298 16 Japanese Bunching Onion Bulb Food 6,301 17 Broadleaf Wild Leek Whole (without root) Food 6,302 18 Red-wood Tree Bark Industrial The heartwood is dark red; the sapwood light reddish-grey. The wood is very hard and close-grained, beautifully mottled with dark and light, i.e. black and orange, streaks 6,306 19 Turpentine Tree Seed Food 6,308 20 Custard Apple Fruit Food 6,328 21 Fragrant Ashok Wood Industrial The greyish-white wood is moderately hard. It is used for masts 6,329 22 Caraway Seed Food 6,330 23 Ducrosia anethifolia Whole (without root) Medicinal 6,331 24 Caralluma flava Whole Medicinal 6,332 25 Varians Glossonema Whole (without root) Food 6,333 26 Himalayan Holly Wood Industrial The wood is used for fuel 6,334 27 Hitchhiker Elephant Ear Tuber Food Tubers are edible when cooked very thoroughly either by roasting or boiling to deactivate the oxalate crystals. They are eaten in Dhofar with clarified butter or buttermilk and eaten in India added to curries. 6,335 28 Yellow Cobra Lily Leaves and petioles Food Young leaves are commonly eaten. 6,336 29 Chinese Ginseng Whole (without root) Medicinal 6,337 30 Common Ivy Whole Medicinal 6,338 31 Bangalow Palm Seed Ornamental 6,341 32 Cohune Palm (Orbignya cohune) Extract (oil) Food 6,344 33 Date Palm Fruit Food 6,345 34 Dom Whole Food 6,346 35 Dwarf fan palm Leaf Food 6,348 36 Euterpe Palm Fruit Food 6,350 37 Fiber Palm Seed Beverages 6,352 38 Fish-tail Palm Extract (oil) Beverages 6,354 39 Grugru Palm Bark Beverages 6,355 40 Jauari Leaves and petioles Industrial The leaves and leaf stems are woven into a range of items such as baskets 6,359 41 Macauba Palm Root Medicinal 6,363 42 Nguay Palm Shoot Food 6,365 43 Nibong Pod Food 6,367 44 Nipa Seed (fresh) Food 6,368 45 Oil Palm Extract (oil) Industrial 6,371 46 Pacaya Palm Pod Food 6,373 47 Palmiteiro Fruit Beverages 6,375 48 Palmyra Palm Fruit Food The immature fruits are pickled 6,377 49 Peach Palm Fruit Food 6,378 50 Rakum Palm Fruit Food 6,379 51 Rattan Wood Industrial 6,380 52 Rotan Sega Whole (without root) Industrial 6,381 53 Sago Stem Food The pith of the stem is rich in starch. This has been widely used to make sago 6,452 54 Sierran Palm Leaves and petioles Food 6,453 55 Silver Date Palm Fruit Food 6,454 56 Snake Fruit Fruit Food 6,455 57 Sugar Palm Stem Beverages 6,456 58 Wdege Leaflet Fan Palm Fruit Food 6,457 59 Wild Date Palm Fruit Food 6,458 60 Wine Palm Fruit Beverages 6,459 61 Giant Taro Pod Food 6,460 62 Mazari Palm Leaf Medicinal 6,461 63 Rattan (Wai) Stem Industrial The entire stems are used for making "bent wood"chair frames, as cables for ferry boats, for hauling logs, standingrigging on small sailing vessels, and sometimes to support short suspension bridges. 6,462 64 European wild ginger Leaf Medicinal 6,463 65 Snakeroot Root Medicinal 6,464 66 Jackal Food Fruit Food 6,465 67 Emerald Fern 'Sprengeri' Root Industrial 6,466 68 Mauritius Hemp 'var. willemettiana' Leaf Industrial The fibre extracted from the leaf can be used to make twine, rope, cloth, tapestries, mats, hammocks and sacks. 6,467 69 Cantala Leaf Medicinal 6,468 70 Henequen Whole Medicinal 6,469 71 Lecheguilla Whole (without root) Beverages 6,470 72 Lily of The Valley Flower Beverages 6,471 73 Scented Solomon's Seal Shoot Food 6,472 74 Sisal Hemp Leaf Medicinal 6,473 75 Tassel Hyacinth Bulb Food 6,474 76 Wavy-leafed Soap Plant Bulb Food 6,475 77 Yucca Pod Food 6,476 78 Asparagus Shoot Food 6,477 79 Southern Sassafras Bark Beverages 6,478 80 Rose Balsam Leaf Food 6,479 81 Ulluco Tuber Food 6,480 82 Malabar Spinach Leaf Food 6,481 83 Turkish Hazelnut 'var. colurna' Seed Food 6,482 84 Alder Bark Medicinal 6,483 85 Downy Birch Bark Food 6,484 86 European Alder Bark Medicinal 6,485 87 European Hornbeam Leaf Medicinal 6,486 88 Filbert Seed Food 6,487 89 Hazel Nut Seed Food 6,488 90 Japanese Alder Bark Medicinal 6,489 91 Nepalese Alder Bark Medicinal The juice of the bark is boiled and the gelatinous liquid applied to burns 6,490 92 Red Alder Bark Food Inner bark - cooked, It must be dried since it is emetic when fresh 6,491 93 Seaside alder Whole Industrial This species has the potential to be used as a biomass crop 6,492 94 White Birch Bark Food Inner bark - cooked or dried and ground into a meal. 6,493 95 African Tulip Tree Seed Food The winged seeds are said to be edible 6,494 96 Indian Bean Tree Bark Medicinal A tea made from the bark has been used as an antiseptic, antidote to snake bites, laxative, sedative and vermifuge 6,495 97 Jacaranda Bark Medicinal The bark and roots are used in the treatment of syphilis 6,496 98 Mayflower Whole Beverages The tree is used to provide shade in coffee and cocoa plantations 6,497 99 Padize Wood Fruit Food Tender young fruit - cooked and eaten as a vegetable 6,498 100 Palo de Buba Bark Medicinal The bark is cathartic and emetic 6,499 101 Primavera Whole Industrial The plant develops large lateral roots that hold soils. It is used in plantings to stabilize soils and prevent erosion 6,500 102 Sausage Tree Fruit Food The fruit is a common additive to ferment in preparing beer to increase the potency or to add to the flavour 6,524 103 Threethorn Root Medicinal Young roots are chewed as a remedy for diarrhoea 6,525 104 Yellow Bells Leaf Medicinal A leaf infusion can be taken orally for treating diabetes and stomach pains 6,526 105 Buttercup Tree Seed Food The oil cakes from the pressed seed can be eaten 6,527 106 Lipstick Tree Seed Food The whole seeds can be ground into a paste with various other spices, which gives a more pronounced flavour 6,528 107 Alpine Forget Me Not Whole Medicinal The whole plant is astringent and ophthalmic. Used as a lotion, it is an excellent remedy for many eye diseases. It is also ground into a powder and applied externally to wounds, at one time the leaf juice was used to stop nose bleeds. The plant is harvested in May and can be dried for later use. 6,530 108 Common Lungwort Leaf Food Leaves - raw or cooked. They can be added to salads or used as a potherb 6,537 109 Ecuador Laurel Leaf Medicinal The leaves are stimulant, stomachic and tonic. A decoction is used in the treatment of catarrh and lung conditions. 6,537 110 Italian Alkanet Flower Food Flowers - raw. An excellent and decorative addition to the salad bowl, or used as a garnish 6,541 111 Wanza Fruit Food A popular fruit wherever it grows, it can be eaten raw or the pulp can be cooked with porridge to add a sweetness 6,543 112 Borage Leaf Beverages Dried leaves may be used for flavouring and to make a tea. 6,547 113 Hound's Tongue Leaf Food Young leaves - raw or cooked. 6,553 114 Viper's Bugloss Whole Medicinal Viper's bugloss was once considered to be a preventative and remedy for viper bites 6,563 115 Dyer's Alkanet Root Industrial A red dye obtained from the roots is used as a food colouring 6,567 116 Snot Berry Fruit Food Fruit - raw. A jelly-like pulp with a sweet flavour, they are eaten as a snack. 6,573 117 Caisin Whole (without root) Food Brassica rapa comprises many crops with a variety of uses. Most important are the vegetables. The foliage of Chinese cabbage, pakchoi and caisin and the thickened taproot of vegetable turnip are used as vegetables. They are consumed boiled, in soups, fresh in salads, or stir-fried in special dishes. 6,586 118 Daikon 'China Rose' Root Food Radish is grown mainly for its thickened fleshy root. Small radishes are pungent and used as appetizer when eaten fresh and for adding colour to dishes. Oriental radish (to which Chinese radish, Japanese radish and mooli belong) is crisp with a mild flavour. The roots are thinly peeled, sliced or diced and put into soups and sauces or cooked with meat. 6,587 119 Turnip Rape Whole (without root) Food Human food - Vegetable 6,588 120 Pak Choi Leaf Food Leaves - raw or cooked. They can be eaten at any stage from seedling to mature plant. Well-flavoured, they are sweet with a hint of mustard.The leaves are also dried for winter use. The leaves have pronounced stems and these can also be eaten, they tend to have a mild, almost bland flavour. 6,589 121 Turnip Whole (without root) Food Human food - Vegetable 6,590 122 Daikon Root Food The western radish (cv. group Small Radish) is pungent and is prized as a relish or appetizer and for adding colour to dishes. The oriental radish (cv. group Chinese Radish), being crisp with mild flavour, plays a much wider role in South-East Asia. 6,591 123 Fodder radish Root Food Radish is grown mainly for its thickened fleshy root. Small or western radishes are pungent and prized as a relish or appetizer and for adding colour to dishes. The oriental radish (cv. group Chinese Radish), being crisp with mild flavour, plays a much wider role in South-East Asia. The roots are thinly peeled, sliced or diced and put into soups and sauces or cooked with meat. 6,592 124 Broccoli Whole (without root) Food Human food - Vegetable 6,596 125 Brussels Sprouts Whole (without root) Food 6,604 126 Cauliflower Whole (without root) Food 6,612 127 Chinese Radish Whole (without root) Food Radish is grown mainly for its thickened fleshy root. The western radish (cv. group Small Radish) is pungent and is prized as a relish or appetizer and for adding colour to dishes. The oriental radish (cv. group Chinese Radish), being crisp with mild flavour, plays a much wider role in South-East Asia. 6,613 128 Kohlrabi Whole (without root) Food In Brussels sprouts it is the miniature axillary heads (leaves) which are consumed as a cooked vegetable. The kales are a polymorphic group comprising vegetable types (curly kale, collard) and types mainly used as fodder crops (thousand-headed kale, marrowstem kale, collard). The vegetable types are grown for their smooth or curly foliage, usually consumed cooked. Kohlrabi is principally grown for its swollen stem, which is used cooked. 6,867 129 Cabbage Whole (without root) Food Human food and beverage Vegetable 6,868 130 Kale Whole (without root) Food Leaves - raw or cooked. A strong cabbage flavour, they are delicious if used when fairly young though they can become tough with age. The leaves are usually available from autumn to late spring, and can be harvested all through the winter in all but the very coldest of seasons. Young flowering shoots - raw or cooked. Picked before the flowers open, they are fairly tender and can be used as part of a mixed salad. When cooked, they have a delicious flavour similar to sprouting broccoli 6,869 131 Red Cabbage Whole (without root) Food Red cabbage is often used raw for salads and coleslaw. This vegetable can be eaten cooked. It is the traditional accompanying side dish paired with many German meals, notably Sauerbraten. At Christmas it can be spiced and served as an accompaniment to seasonal roast goose. Often apples are added to give it sweet-sour taste. 6,870 132 Greater Sea-kale Whole (without root) Food Leaves - cooked. Used as a potherb. Young leaves have a pleasant cabbage-like flavour, though older leaves are rather tough. Root - cooked. 6,871 133 Abyssinian Mustard Whole (without root) Food Leaves and young stems - raw or cooked. Used when up to 30cm tall. A mild and pleasant cabbage flavour, the young growth can be cut finely and used in mixed salads, whilst older leaves are cooked like cabbage leaves. Immature flowering stems - cooked. Used like broccoli they make a nice vegetable.An edible oil is obtained from the seed. Oil from the wild species is high in erucic acid, which is toxic, though there are some cultivars that contain very little to zero erucic acid and can be used as food. The seed can be crushed and used as a mustard-like condiment 6,872 134 Black Mustard Seed Food Mustard seed is commonly ground into a powder and used as a food flavouring and relish. 6,873 135 Crambe Extract (oil) Industrial Erucamide, a substance yielded from the oil, is a high value product for the cosmetic industry. 6,874 136 Cress Whole (without root) Food A hot cress-like flavour, it makes an excellent addition (in small quantities) to the salad bowl 6,877 137 Garlic Mustard Whole (without root) Food Garlic mustard’s flower, leaf and young fruit are used raw or cooked both as a vegetable and for flavouring. The leaves and flowers have mild aromatic taste and flavour and are used as a spice and flavouring in cooked foods. Leaves are used as a winter salad vegetable and as a flavouring in cooked food 6,915 138 Hedge Mustard Whole (without root) Medicinal The whole plant is said to be antiaphonic, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic. 6,917 139 Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens Seed Food The seed is used as a mustard flavouring. 6,922 140 Kako Fruit Food The fruits are eaten raw. The seed can also eaten raw or cooked. 7,169 141 Kako Bark Medicinal The bark is astringent and lithotriptic. It is used both internally and externally. 7,169 142 Kako Bark Industrial It is used for foundation piles, cheap or temporary construction; cheap furniture; paving blocks, ties, mine timbers; it is seldom sawn into lumber or used for construction because it is not durable. 7,169 143 Kindal Tree Bark Industrial Wood pale brown, smooth, very hard, a useful building wood, used in buildings for doors, windows, planks and rafters. Also used for furniture, cabinet making, ship building, dugouts, boats, carts, agricultural implements, mine props, poles and ply wood. The wood is used as fuel. The bark and fruits are used for dyeing. Bark and fruit contain tannin and are used for tanning. 7,184 147 Kindal Tree Bark Medicinal Bark diuretic, cardiotonic, used in parotitis; flower anticholerin and used in opium poisoning. 7,184 148 Kinkeliba Leaves and petioles Medicinal A leaf decoction, in vapour baths or washes, is used to treat fever and lumbago. The leaves are also widely used in association with other plants to treat the diseases. Crushed leaves and bark powder are applied to sores and wounds. 7,207 149 Kinkeliba Fruit Medicinal The dried powdered fruits are made into an ointment with oil, which is applied to suppurating swellings and abscesses, also of venereal origin, and applied to eye infections. 7,207 150 Kinkeliba Forage (fresh) Feed (Forage/Fodder) Combretum micranthum is a good browse plant for cattle and is important as forage in the dry season in Nigeria. In Senegal it seems to be browsed only by donkeys, sheep and goats, not much by cattle 7,207 151 Kinkeliba Forage (fresh) Industrial The leaves, stems and root bark are a source of yellow to brownish yellow dyes for textiles and mats. 7,207 152 Kinkeliba Bark Fibre The stem bark is made into rope. 7,207 153 Kinkeliba Bark Industrial The wood is very hard and used as firewood and to make charcoal. 7,207 154 Nutwood Seed Food The tree is sometimes harvested from the wild for local use as a food. 7,228 155 Nutwood Bark Industrial The tree is sometimes harvested from the wild for local use as a fuel. 7,228 157 Purple-pod cluster-leaf Bark Medicinal The bark is chewed to treat coughs, sore throat and stomach-aches. 7,232 158 Purple-pod cluster-leaf Root Medicinal The roots are chewed to treat colds. A root decoction is taken to treat constipation, cough and colds 7,232 159 Purple-pod cluster-leaf Bark Industrial The yellow wood is heavy, very hard, tough and exceptionally durable, even in salty water where it resists borers. It is used to make tool handles, fence posts, house building, dhow keels and wagon axles. The wood makes a good fuel and an excellent charcoal. 7,232 160 Purple-pod cluster-leaf Bark Food An edible gum exudes from the tree. 7,232 161 Swamp Oak Bark Industrial The tree is a major source of timber in its native range and is often exported. The wood is used for light construction, mouldings, interior finish and veneer. A good-quality pulp, suitable for paper making, can be produced from plantation material. 7,234 162 Terumtum Merah Bark Industrial The yellow-brown wood is heavy and fine-grained. It is used locally for boat building. 7,235 163 Terumtum Merah Bark Oil (Fuel) The wood is used for fuel. 7,235 164 Tropical Almond Bark Industrial The bark and leaves and sometimes roots and green fruits are locally used for tanning leather and provide a black dye, used for dyeing cottons and rattan and as ink. The timber is of good quality and is used for house and boat building, furniture and cabinet-making. 7,236 166 Tropical Almond Seed Oil (Food) The seed is edible and considered delicious, and contains a pale odourless oil, similar to almond oil. 7,236 167 Tropical Almond Seed Medicinal The oil is employed medicinally as a substitute for true almond oil to relieve abdominal inflammations, and, cooked with the leaves, in treating leprosy, scabies and other skin diseases. 7,236 169 Tropical Almond Leaf Medicinal The leaves have a sudorific action and are applied to rheumatic joints. The tannin from bark and leaves is used as an astringent in dysentery and thrush. It is also regarded as diuretic and cardiotonic and is applied externally on skin eruptions. 7,236 170 Velvet Bushwillow Leaf Medicinal A leaf decoction is used to wash wounds and to treat itch and skin infections. The crushed fresh roots or leaves, alone or mixed with other plants, are applied to snakebites, and an infusion of the pounded root or stem bark is taken to treat the same. 7,238 171 Velvet Bushwillow Leaf Oil (Fuel) Combretum molle is one of the widely used source of fuel wood and high quality charcoal. 7,238 172 Velvet Bushwillow Leaf Industrial A red or black dye can be obtained from the leaves (dependent on the mordant) and a yellow dye from the root. 7,238 173 Velvet Bushwillow Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) The sweetly scented flowers attract bees and make good forage for honey production. The leaves are readily browsed by livestock and game, and can also be used for mulching. 7,238 174 Velvet Bushwillow Bark Industrial The bark slash exudes a gum, which has been a minor source of trade in northern Nigeria, but is considered of lower quality than gum arabic. 7,238 175 White Buttonwood Bark Medicinal A bark infusion is used as an astringent, tonic and folk remedy for dysentery, aphthae, fever and scurvy. It is also attributed some antitumour activity. 7,239 176 White Buttonwood Bark Industrial The wood is heavy, hard, strong and close-grained; it is mainly used as firewood, rarely for construction and wooden utensils. The bark and leaves of Laguncularia racemosa produce a tannin and a brown dye of good quality, but not in quantities that are economically interesting. 7,239 178 White Buttonwood Bark Oil (Fuel) Laguncularia racemosa will remain of minor importance as source of tannin. Its use as a fuel plant is possibly of more economic importance. 7,239 179 White Teruntum Bark Industrial The bark is a source of tannins. The wood is strong and very durable. It is used for many purposes. 7,241 180 Bohera Leaf Medicinal Leaf decoctions of Terminalia bellirica together with those of Ficus benghalensis L. are taken to treat diabetes and dysentery. 7,245 181 Bohera Fruit Medicinal The astringent fruits are commonly used in India, often in Ayurvedic preparations together with other medicinal plants, to treat ophthalmia, diabetes, liver complaints, hypertension, asthma, wounds, skin diseases, haemorrhoids, diarrhoea and dropsy. 7,245 182 Bohera Bark Medicinal The bark is used as astringent, purgative and diuretic, and to treat diarrhoea, piles, leprosy, fever, ophthalmia and dropsy. 7,245 183 Bohera Fruit Industrial In India the fruits are used for tanning hides into leather, particularly for sole leather. They yield a dye that is occasionally used together with iron sulphate for dyeing black cloth and matting and for the preparation of ink. 7,245 184 Bohera Seed Industrial The kernel oil is used in the manufacture of hair oil and soap. 7,245 185 Bohera Bark Industrial The tree bole is used for dug-out canoes, and the wood for furniture, boxes and, often after being steeped in water to make it more durable, house construction. Wood pulp of good quality for paper can be produced. The tree also yields a good-quality firewood and charcoal. 7,245 186 Bohera Leaves and petioles Feed (Forage/Fodder) In India Terminalia bellirica is known as a fodder tree. 7,245 187 Spiderwort Leaf Food The young leaves were eaten as salad greens or were mixed with other greens and then either fried or boiled until tender. 7,250 188 Spiderwort Root Medicinal A paste, made from the mashed roots, was used as a poultice to treat cancer. 7,250 189 Spiderwort Leaf Medicinal Virginia spiderwort was one of the seven ingredients in a tea used to treat “female ailments or rupture.” It was also combined with several other ingredients in a medicine for kidney trouble. A tea made from the plant was used as a laxative and to treat stomachaches associated with overeating. 7,250 190 Asiatic Day Flower Leaf Food It is commonly cultivated as a vegetable in China. 7,258 191 Asiatic Day Flower Leaf Medicinal The leaves and aerial parts are antiinflammatory, depurative, diuretic and febrifuge. A decoction of the dried plant is used to treat bleeding, diarrhoea, fever, diabetes etc. The plant is applied topically to treat boils and abscesses. The leaves are used as a throat gargle to relieve sore throats and tonsilitis. The juice of the crushed plant is applied to inflamed eyes. 7,258 192 Asiatic Day Flower Leaf Industrial A bright blue dye is obtained from the petals. 7,258 193 African Wormwood Leaf Medicinal The leaves and young flowering stems are anthelmintic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. They are used to treat a wide range of ailments from coughs, colds, fever, loss of appetite, colic, headache, earache, intestinal worms to malaria. 7,266 194 Bitterleaf Leaf Food Leaves, although rather bitter to taste, are eaten as raw vegetables. ‘Chewsticks’ from the roots and twigs are regarded as an appetizer. 7,270 195 Bitterleaf Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) Produces a large mass of forage from the leaves and shoots and therefore is a good fodder species. 7,270 196 Bitterleaf Bark Oil (Fuel) Both firewood and charcoal are derived form V. amygdalina. 7,270 197 Bitterleaf Flower Food Produces very light, fine flavoured honey (as apiculture). 7,270 198 Bitterleaf Bark Industrial The genus Vernonia is a well-known group of timber trees. 7,270 199 Bitterleaf Root Medicinal An infusion from the roots is given to children suffering from infection by a trematode (Enterobius vermicularis). A cold infusion of the root bark, together with other plants, is given in daily doses to treat bilharzia. The bark and root are taken as a tonic by people suffering from fevers. 7,270 200 Bitterleaf Leaf Medicinal The leaves are pounded and mixed with warm water for bathing to treat spots on the skin and nausea. 7,270 201 Bitterleaf Bark Ornamental Useful as an ornamental. 7,270 202 Butter Bur Leaf Medicinal Butterbur is widely considered to be an effective cough remedy and recent experiments have shown it to have remarkable antispasmodic and pain-relieving properties. 7,276 203 Cat's Foot Leaf Medicinal Catsfoot has been little used in herbal medicine though it was once used in mixtures for the treatment of bronchitis and bilious conditions. The plant is very rich in mucilage which makes it very valuable in the treatment of chest complaints. 7,282 204 Cat's Foot Leaf Ornamental It is often grown as an ornamental, making a good ground cover. 7,282 205 Chamomile Leaf Medicinal It is widely used as a household herbal remedy. It is particularly useful as a remedy for various problems of the digestive system, as a sedative and a nervine, it is especially suited for young children. 7,284 206 Chamomile Extract (oil) Industrial The flowers are gathered in the summer when they are fully open and are distilled for their oil or dried for later use. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy. An essential oil from the whole plant is used as a flavouring and in perfumery. 7,284 207 Chamomile Flower Industrial An infusion of the flowers is used as a hair shampoo, especially for fair hair. It is also used as a liquid feed and general plant tonic. Yellow to gold dyes are obtained from the flowers. 7,284 209 Chamomile Whole Ornamental The plant makes a very good ground cover and can also be used as an edging. 7,284 210 Coltsfoot Flower Food Flower buds and young flowers can be eaten raw or cooked. A pleasant aniseed flavour, they add a distinctive aromatic flavour to salads. 7,293 211 Coltsfoot Leaf Food oung leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. They can be used in salads, added to soups, or cooked as a vegetable. 7,293 212 Coltsfoot Leaf Medicinal The plant is antitussive, astringent, demulcent, emollient, expectorant, stimulant and tonic. It is widely used in the treatment of coughs and respiratory problem. 7,293 213 Common Wormwood Leaf Medicinal It has a great importance as a folk medicine in ancient history from the time of Greek as an antiseptic, anthelminitc, antipyretic, antimalarial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective. 7,295 214 Common Wormwood Leaf Industrial This crops has been incorporated as feed additive in livestock nutrition for augmenting nutrient utilization and animal performance. 7,295 215 Common Wormwood Forage (fresh) Feed (Forage/Fodder) A. absinthium is used as whole plant in ruminant feeding. 7,295 216 Cotton Lavender Leaf Food The aromatic leaves are used as a flavouring for broths, sauces, grain dishes etc. 7,299 217 Cotton Lavender Leaf Medicinal The leaves and flowering tops are antispasmodic, disinfectant, emmenagogue, stimulant and vermifuge. Cotton lavender is rarely used medicinally, though it is sometimes used internally as a vermifuge for children and to treat poor digestion and menstrual problems. 7,299 218 Cotton Lavender Whole Ornamental Plants can also be grown for ground cover. 7,299 219 Cotton Lavender Extract (oil) Industrial An essential oil from the leaves is used in perfumery, the oil is also obtained from the flowers. 7,299 220 Daisy Whole Ornamental 7,305 221 Daisy Flower Food The daisy is occasionally used as a potherb. 7,305 222 Daisy Leaf Medicinal Daisies are a popular domestic remedy with a wide range of applications. They are a traditional wound herb and are also said to be especially useful in treating delicate and listless children. 7,305 223 Dandelion Leaf Food The leaves are also eaten as a vegetable. When grown without light (artificially or when covered with earth) the pale leaves are more brittle and taste better. 7,306 224 Dandelion Flower Ornamental Dandelions were cultivated in Japan for ornamental purposes. 7,306 225 Dandelion Flower Food In spring the flowers contain much nectar and are locally important for the production of honey. 7,306 226 Edelweiss Forage (fresh) Medicinal The aerial parts of Edelweiss plants have been referred to as being useful in the treatment of intestinal disorders such as diarrhea, dysentery and colic . 7,312 227 Edelweiss Whole Ornamental The major commercial uses are currently purely decorative, it being offered for sale as a fresh alpine-garden plant or for dried flower arrangements. 7,312 228 Elecampane Leaf Food Leaves are cooked. Rather bitter and aromatic, they were used as a potherb by the ancient Romans 7,318 229 Elecampane Root Food Root are candied and eaten as a sweetmeat. 7,318 230 Elecampane Whole Medicinal A very safe herb to use, it is suitable for the old and the young and especially useful when the patient is debilitated. It cleanses toxins from the body, stimulating the immune and digestive systems and treating bacterial and fungal infections. The root is alterative, anthelmintic, antiseptic, astringent, bitter, cholagogue, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, mildly expectorant, gently stimulant, stomachic, tonic. 7,318 231 Elecampane Root Industrial A blue dye is obtained from the bruised and macerated root mixed with ashes and whortleberries (Vaccinium myrtillus). The root yields up to 2% of a camphor-scented essential oil, this is used as a flavouring and medicinally. 7,318 232 Golden Rod Leaf Medicinal The leaves and flowering tops are anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, mildly diuretic, febrifuge and stimulant. 7,322 233 Golden Rod Leaf Beverages A tea is obtained from the leaves. 7,322 234 Golden Rod Whole Industrial Mustard, orange and brown dyes can be obtained from the whole plant. A yellow dye is obtained from the leaves and flower. 7,322 235 Guayule Root Industrial A source of rubber obtained by mechanical maceration of the roots and/or stems. 7,324 236 Heartleaf Hempvine Forage (fresh) Feed (Forage/Fodder) Leaves of M. cordata constitute a highly palatable forage, especially to sheep. M. cordata is an aggressive forage of high acceptability to both large and small ruminants 7,328 237 Hemp Agrimony Whole Medicinal Hemp agrimony has been employed chiefly as a detoxifying herb for fevers, colds, flu and other viral conditions. The leaves and flowering tops are alterative, cholagogue, depurative, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, febrifuge, purgative and tonic. The roots are diaphoretic, laxative and tonic. 7,332 238 Hemp Agrimony Stem Fibre A coarse fibre can be obtained from the stems. 7,332 239 Hemp Agrimony Leaf Industrial The leaves and roots have been used as a raw material for making black and blue dyes. 7,332 240 Hemp Agrimony Extract (oil) Industrial An extract of the plant is used as an ingredient in commercial cosmetic preparations as a skin conditioner. 7,332 241 Indian Lettuce Leaf Food Indian lettuce is grown for its leaves. They are consumed raw, boiled or steamed. 7,351 242 Indian Lettuce Leaf Medicinal The leaves are considered tonic, digestive and depurative in traditional medicine. 7,351 243 Indian Lettuce Forage (fresh) Feed (Forage/Fodder) In Taiwan it is grown as feed for geese. 7,351 244 Mouse-ear Hawkweed Whole Medicinal 7,354 245 Mouse-ear Hawkweed Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) 7,354 246 Mouse-ear Hawkweed Whole Ornamental P. officinarum is a prostrate herb which has spread rapidly to exotic locations (e.g. New Zealand, North America and South America) after introduction as a garden ornamental. 7,354 247 Mugwort Leaf Food Leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. Aromatic and somewhat bitter. Their addition to the diet aids the digestion and so they are often used in small quantities as a flavouring, especially with fatty foods. 7,367 248 Mugwort Leaf Beverages The dried leaves and flowering tops are steeped into tea. They have also been used as a flavouring in beer, though fell into virtual disuse once hops came into favour. 7,367 249 Mugwort Whole Medicinal All parts of the plant are anthelmintic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, expectorant, nervine, purgative, stimulant, slightly tonic and used in the treatment of women's complaints. 7,367 250 Ngai Camphor Leaf Industrial In China ngai camphor oil, an essential oil obtained by steam distillation of young leaves of B. balsamifera, is widely used in medicine and in rituals. 7,370 251 Ngai Camphor Whole Medicinal B. balsamifera have been used in Chinese medicine since ancient times as carminative, mild stimulant, vermifuge and as topical application for septic ulcers. In South-East Asia it is one of the most common and widely used medicinal plants for a number of ailments, mainly as a stomachic, vermifuge, expectorant and sudorific. 7,370 252 Painted Daisy Whole Medicinal It is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine. 7,376 253 Painted Daisy Whole Industrial The dried flower heads are used as an insecticide. They are a source of the commercially available insecticide 'pyrethrum', which is non-toxic to mammals. 7,376 254 Schafgarbe Whole Ornamental It is cultivated, usually as an ornamental, in mountainous areas of some parts of Malesia . 7,377 255 Schafgarbe Whole Medicinal Yarrow is used internally for the treatment of gastro-intestinal complaints (inflammation, diarrhoea, flatulence, cramps, poor digestion), as a bitter aromatic (to counter loss of appetite), to stimulate the secretion of bile (choleretic activity) and to enhance the renal elimination function. 7,377 256 Schafgarbe Extract (oil) Industrial In the form of a bath, yarrow or its oil are applied to remove perspiration. 7,377 257 Silver Oak Bark Industrial The wood, commonly traded as ‘muhuhu’ is mainly used for construction, first-grade flooring, joinery, interior trim, furniture, fence posts, toys, novelties, boxes, crates, tool handles, carving and turnery. It is also suitable for bridges, hydraulic works, poles, piles, cabinet work and railway sleepers. It is considered an excellent firewood and is used for charcoal production. 7,378 258 Silver Oak Root Medicinal In traditional medicine, root decoctions are used to treat schistosomiasis and leaves to treat diabetes. 7,378 259 Silver Oak Bark Industrial The aromatic oil extracted from the wood is used for perfumery. 7,378 260 Silver Oak Whole Ornamental In Kenya Brachylaena huillensis is planted as ornamental and boundary tree around dwellings. 7,378 261 Southernwood Leaf Food The young shoots have a bitter, lemony flavour and are used in small quantities as a flavouring in cakes, salads and vinegars. 7,382 262 Southernwood Leaf Beverages A tea is made from the young bitter shoots. 7,382 263 Southernwood Leaf Medicinal The herb, and especially the young flowering shoots, is anthelmintic, antiseptic, cholagogue, deobstruent, emmenagogue, stomachic and tonic 7,382 264 Southernwood Leaves and petioles Industrial The leaves have a refreshing lemon-like fragrance and are used in pot-pourri. A yellow dye is obtained from the branches. 7,382 265 Southernwood Extract (oil) Industrial An essential oil from the leaves and flowering shoots is used in perfumery in order to add certain subtle tones. 7,382 266 Stemless Carline Thistle Flower Food Flowering head can be cooked. Used as a globe artichoke substitute 7,384 267 Stemless Carline Thistle Whole Medicinal It is occasionally used nowadays in the treatment of spasms of the digestive tract, gall bladder and liver disorders, dropsy, urine retention etc. 7,384 268 Tansy Flower Ornamental 7,385 269 Tansy Leaf Industrial Leaf tips are still used today in the preparation of cosmetics and ointments. The essential oil is used in perfumery 7,385 270 Tansy Leaf Medicinal Medicinally, leaves and flowers of T. vulgare have stimulating and tonic properties. An oil obtained from the flowers is used primarily as an anthelmintic. The unguent made from the leaves is said to be a folk remedy for tumours in the tendons. 7,385 271 Tansy Leaf Beverages Teas made of T. vulgare are bitter beverages brewed from fresh or dried leaves and tops. The tea is said to have a calming effect. 7,385 272 Tansy Leaf Food Fresh young leaves are used to spice omelettes, fish or meat pies. 7,385 273 Tarragon Leaf Food The fresh or dried leaves of tarragon have a sweet anise-like scent and a peculiar bittersweet flavour and are used for seasoning foods like salads, soups, stews and sauces. They are particularly suited to flavour chicken, egg and lobster preparations 7,409 274 Tarragon Leaf Industrial The leaves yield an essential oil (known as tarragon or estragon oil) which is used in perfumery. 7,409 275 Tarragon Extract (oil) Industrial Tarragon oil also possesses bactericidal and nematicidal activity. 7,409 276 Triffid Weed Whole Environmental It is used as a green manure and mulch crop. 7,410 277 Triffid Weed Whole Medicinal Siam weed is used as a medicine for intestinal pains, colds and cough in the Caribbean region; in Ivory coast, for healing wounds, as a purgative, a remedy against cough, malaria, smallpox and yellow fever. In Thailand, C. odorata is traditionally used to stop bleeding. 7,410 278 Wild Sunflower Whole Ornamental Tithonia diversifolia is a fast-growing species, used as a garden ornamental. 7,411 279 Wild Sunflower Whole Environmental Tithonia diversifolia is a fast-growing species, used as a green manure in agroforestry systems. 7,411 280 Wild Sunflower Forage (dry) Feed (Forage/Fodder) Tithonia diversifolia is a fast-growing species, used as a fodder crop for livestock such as goats and cattle. 7,411 281 Blessed Thistle Leaf Food Young leaves can be eaten raw. The herb is used as a flavouring. 7,412 282 Blessed Thistle Flower Food Flower heads, harvested before the flowers open, have been used as a globe artichoke. 7,412 283 Blessed Thistle Whole Medicinal The whole plant is astringent, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, strongly emetic in large doses, emmenagogue, galactogogue, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. Although less widely used nowadays, it is still seen to have a wide range of applications though it is mainly employed as an ingredient in herbal tonics. 7,412 284 Blessed Thistle Seed Oil (Food) A good quality oil is obtained from the seed. 7,412 285 Canadian Fleabane Extract (oil) Medicinal In Japan and China, the essential oils from C. canadensis are used in the treatment of jaundice , and the oils have been observed to have antifungal effects. 7,419 286 Canadian Fleabane Extract (oil) Environmental Plant extracts have some antifeedant effects on insect species, and as such have potential use as repellents in stored grains. 7,419 287 Common Groundsel Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) It serves as a favourite food for rabbits and the seeds are eaten by birds. 7,427 288 Common Groundsel Leaves and petioles Medicinal It is of medicinal value, used internally and externally at the flowering stage and before head opening, while leaves and juice of the plant can also be used the year around to treat a wide range of medical conditions. 7,427 289 German Chamomile Flower Beverages The tea made from the flower heads of German chamomile is becoming increasingly popular and sometimes those flower heads are added to teas to increase flavour and bulk. 7,432 290 German Chamomile Flower Medicinal The most widespread use of chamomile flowers on the market is as a herbal remedy. German chamomile is widely used medicinally as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antispasmodic and sedative agent. Hydrophobic and hydrophillic components of German chamomile relax smooth muscles. 7,432 291 German Chamomile Whole Oil (Food) The whole plant yields an essential oil which is sparingly used as a flavouring agent in liquors, particularly of the French type, and in confections, desserts, jellies, ice cream, candy, baked goods and chewing gum. 7,432 292 German Chamomile Whole Industrial The whole plant yields an essential oil which it is also used in perfumes, where it imparts pleasing and warm tonalities, and in shampoos, hair dyes and other cosmetics. 7,432 293 Lady's Thistle Flower Food Flower buds can be cooked. A globe artichoke substitute, they are used before the flowers open. The flavour is mild and acceptable, but the buds are quite small and even more fiddly to use than globe artichokes. 7,438 294 Lady's Thistle Leaf Food Leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. The very sharp leaf-spines must be removed first, which is quite a fiddly operation. The leaves are quite thick and have a mild flavour when young, at this time they are quite an acceptable ingredient of mixed salads. 7,438 295 Lady's Thistle Seed Oil (Food) A good quality oil is obtained from the seeds. 7,438 296 Lady's Thistle Seed Beverages The roasted seed is a coffee substitute. 7,438 297 Lady's Thistle Whole Medicinal Recent research has confirmed that it has a remarkable ability to protect the liver from damage resulting from alcoholic and other types of poisoning. The whole plant is astringent, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, hepatic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. 7,438 298 Red Tasselflower Leaf Food The use of emilia as a vegetable is reported from the whole of South-East Asia (with the exception of Papua New Guinea), and also from some other parts of the world (West Africa). 7,440 299 Red Tasselflower Whole Medicinal The plant has many medicinal applications. It is administered internally against fever, coughs and diarrhoea, as well as externally as a poultice for sores and swellings, drops for dim eyes and sore ears. 7,440 300 Safflower Seed Oil (Food) The edible oil extracted from the seed is now the main product of safflower. Although the oil is suitable for paint production, it is used almost exclusively in cooking, making salad dressings and margarine. 7,442 301 Safflower Flower Industrial Safflower has long been grown for the dye extracted from the florets. Depending on the dyeing procedure and the addition of other colourants and mordants, it imparts a yellow, red, brown or purple colour to cloth. 7,442 302 Safflower Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) The seed cake can be used as animal feed. Increased protein and lysine content, reduced fibre content and the removal of the bitter principle matairesinol monoglucoside make safflower meal more attractive to stock feed manufacturers. 7,442 303 Safflower Seed Food Safflower meal and flour from decorticated seeds are high-protein human diet supplements. The flour can be added to wheat flour to make breads and pies. 7,442 304 Safflower Leaf Food In Asian countries, the young leaves are eaten as a vegetable. 7,442 305 Safflower Forage (dry) Feed (Forage/Fodder) Safflower herbage is valuable as green fodder or stored as hay or silage. 7,442 306 Safflower Flower Medicinal In China, the flowers are used to treat illnesses such as cerebral thrombosis, male sterility, rheumatism and bronchitis, to induce labour and as a tonic tea to invigorate blood circulation and the heart. Safflower-based medicines also show beneficial effect on pain and swelling associated with trauma. 7,442 307 Bachelor's Button Flower Food Flowers can be eaten raw or cooked. The fresh florets can be used in salads. They are used as a vegetable or a garnish. An edible blue dye is obtained from the flowers, used for colouring sugar and confections. 7,444 308 Bachelor's Button Whole Medicinal Cornflower has a long history of herbal use, though it is seldom employed nowadays. In France it is still used as a remedy for tired eyes, but opinions differ as to its efficacy. An infusion can be used in the treatment of dropsy, constipation, or as a mouthwash for ulcers and bleeding gums. 7,444 309 Bachelor's Button Flower Industrial A blue ink and a dye is obtained from the petals mixed with alum-water. The dye gives a lovely colour to linen, but it is transient. The dried petals are used in pot-pourri in order to add colour. 7,444 310 Bachelor's Button Flower Ornamental Grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and as a cutflower in Canada for florists. 7,444 311 Beggar's Tick Leaf Food In sub-Saharan Africa, the fresh or dried tender shoots and young leaves are used as a leaf vegetable especially in times of food scarcity. It is an ingredient of sauces accompanying the staple food. 7,451 312 Beggar's Tick Leaf Medicinal Bidens pilosa is used as a medicinal plant in many regions of Africa, Asia and tropical America. Roots, leaves and seed have been reported to possess antibacterial, antidysenteric, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, diuretic, hepato-protective and hypotensive activities. 7,451 313 Beggar's Tick Whole Industrial In Nanyuki, Kenya, Bidens pilosa is collected for the extraction of natural dyes. 7,451 314 Beggar's Tick Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) Livestock browses on the plants and in South Africa Bidens pilosa has been used as a fodder for pigs. 7,451 315 Brown Radiant Knapweed Whole Ornamental Centaurea jacea has been grown both as an ornamental garden plant and as a crop. 7,461 316 Feverfew Flower Beverages A tea is made from the dried flowers. 7,462 317 Feverfew Flower Food The dried flowers are used as a flavouring in cooking certain pastries. The plant is used in cooking to impart a deliciously aromatic bitter taste to certain foods. 7,462 318 Feverfew Whole Medicinal Feverfew has gained a good reputation as a medicinal herb and extensive research since 1970 has proved it to be of special benefit in the treatment of certain types of migraine headaches and rheumatism. 7,462 319 Feverfew Flower Environmental The dried flower buds are a source of an insecticide. 7,462 320 Great Burdock Whole Medicinal A. lappa is well known as a medicinal plant. It possesses heart stimulant, stomachic, anodyne, anti-scorbutic, antipyretic, laxative, diaphoretic, depurative, anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties. 7,465 321 Great Burdock Root Industrial The root contains an essential oil. 7,465 322 Great Burdock Leaf Food In Japan, A. lappa , called "(yama-)gobo", is a popular vegetable. North American Indians eat the young leaves as well as the fresh or dried roots. 7,465 323 Great Burdock Root Food The slightly fibrous mucilaginous roots have a sweetish taste and are consumed raw or cooked. North American Indians eat the young leaves as well as the fresh or dried roots. 7,465 324 Great Burdock Leaves and petioles Feed (Forage/Fodder) In Europe cows eat the leaves readily, but they may give milk a bitter flavour if eaten in large quantities. 7,465 325 Grindelia Leaf Medicinal The leaves and flowering tops are antiphlogistic, antispasmodic, balsamic, demulcent, expectorant, sedative, stomachic and a vascular tonic. The plant is applied externally as a compress on inflamed or irritated areas of the skin. 7,467 326 Grindelia Flower Industrial Yellow and green dyes are obtained from the flowering heads and pods. 7,467 327 Grindelia Root Environmental A decoction of the roots has been used as a hair shampoo to kill lice. 7,467 328 Ox Eye Daisy Flower Food The oxeye daisy is mildly aromatic, like its close cousin, chamomile. The leaves and flowers are edible, though palatability may vary. 7,470 329 Ox Eye Daisy Whole Medicinal A tea of the plant is useful for relaxing the bronchials. It is diuretic and astringent, useful for stomach ulcers and bloody piles or urine. Also used as a vaginal douche for cervical ulceration. The daisy is aromatic, used as an antispasmodic for colic and general digestive upset. 7,470 330 Ox Eye Daisy Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) Sheep, goats and horses eat the oxeye daisy, but cows and pigs do not like it. 7,470 331 Meadow Salsify Root Food The root can be eaten raw or cooked. The roots have a sweet flavour due to their inulin content. 7,471 332 Meadow Salsify Leaf Food Young leaves and shoots can be eaten raw or cooked. They can be added to mixed salads or used in soups etc. The leaves are best used as they come into growth in the spring. 7,471 333 Meadow Salsify Root Medicinal Goat's beard is considered to be a useful remedy for the liver and gallbladder. It appears to have a detoxifying effect and may stimulate the appetite and digestion. Its high inulin content makes this herb a useful food for diabetics since inulin is a nutrient made of fructose rather than glucose units and therefore does not raise blood sugar levels. The root is astringent, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, nutritive and stomachic. A syrup made from the root gives great relief in cases of obstinate coughs and bronchitis. 7,471 334 Pot Marigold Whole Ornamental The pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) is grown especially for ornamental purposes. 7,474 335 Pot Marigold Whole Industrial The pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) is grown especially for ornamental purposes and is commonly found in herbal products and cosmetics. 7,474 336 Pot Marigold Flower Food The petal-like ray flowers are edible and are sometimes used in salads. 7,474 337 Pot Marigold Extract (oil) Industrial Calendula oil is made by infusing marigold flowers in a carrier oil. This oil can be used on its own or to make ointments, creams, or salves. Calendula can also be processed into a tincture, tea, and capsules. 7,474 338 Pot Marigold Extract (oil) Medicinal Calendula oil may be an alternative remedy to treat various skin conditions as well as improve the quality and appearance of the skin. Calendula oil has antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties that might make it useful in healing wounds, soothing eczema, and relieving diaper rash. It’s also used as an antiseptic. 7,474 339 Sweet Wormwood Whole Medicinal Used traditionally in China to treat fevers and hemorrhoids. 7,476 340 Sweet Wormwood Extract (oil) Industrial As a source of essential oils for the perfume industry. 7,476 341 Sweet Wormwood Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) Different tissues of the plant have been analyzed for its potential use in animal feed and scored high values for antioxidant capacity (ORAC and total phenolics) and as source of aminoacids, with negligible amounts of anti-nutritive components such as phytates and oxalates. 7,476 342 White Butterbur Leaves and petioles Food The small fleshy petioles (leaf stems) are very palatable when cooked and eaten like asparagus. 7,487 343 White Butterbur Root Medicinal The root is emmenagogue, hypnotic, sedative and vulnerary. The ground or finely chopped rhizome has a healing effect when applied to slow-healing or weak ulcers, or to suppurating wounds. An infusion of the leaves is a specific remedy for coughs. A homeopathic remedy is made from the roots. It is used in the treatment of wounds, ulcers etc. 7,487 344 White Butterbur Whole Ornamental A good ground cover for the wilder areas of the garden. It is too invasive to be used in small gardens and is only suitable for covering large areas. 7,487 345 Wild Lettuce Extract (oil) Oil (Food) A mild flavoured oil, used in cooking, is obtained from the seeds. 7,504 346 Wild Lettuce Whole Medicinal The whole plant is rich in a milky sap that flows freely from any wounds. This hardens and dries when in contact with the air. The sap contains 'lactucarium', which is used in medicine for its anodyne, antispasmodic, digestive, diuretic, hypnotic, narcotic and sedative properties. 7,504 347 Yacon Root Food They are usually eaten raw, (fresh or sun-dried) or steamed, baked, roasted, or juiced into syrup. In the Peruvian Andes where yacon production is flourishing, one can find yacon processed into almost anything in the local markets. Here in the U.S. several relatively new yacon root syrups are now available in health food stores and natural products markets as a low-calorie alternative to corn syrup or molasses. 7,507 348 Yacon Root Medicinal In South American herbal medicine systems the tubers are taken raw as a diuretic for kidney and bladder problems while they decoct the leaves for cystitis, hepatosis, and nephrosis in Bolivia. 7,507 349 Yacon Leaf Medicinal In Peru, the leaves are prepared into a warm poultice and used externally for myalgia and rheumatism. In Brazil the leaves of the plant are brewed into a tea as a natural remedy for diabetes. 7,507 350 Garde Robe Whole Medicinal A. fragrantissima is especially popular in Egyptian folk medicine for the treatment of common health problems such as respiratory disease, eye infections, small pox, fever, gastrointestinal disturbances, diabetes, dysmenorrhea, headache or fatigue. 7,516 351 Garde Robe Extract (oil) Medicinal A. fragrantissima essential oil shows antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis and gram-negative Escherichia coli. 7,516 352 Glacier Wormwood Whole Beverages The herb is used as a flavouring in vermouth and liqueurs. 7,535 353 Glacier Wormwood Whole Medicinal Glacier wormwood has similar medicinal properties to common wormwood, Artemisia absinthum. It is used locally where it grows wild. The whole plant is digestive, expectorant, sedative and stomachic. An infusion of the herb has a marked effect upon mountain sickness 7,535 354 Glacier Wormwood Whole Ornamental The plant is grown as an ornamental in gardens. 7,535 355 Wormwood Whole Medicinal Artemisia herba-alba is a popular herbal treatment in N. Africa, where it is considered to be a remedy for all kinds of ailments. The plant is considered to be carminative, cholagogue, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, sedative, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge. 7,543 356 Wormwood Extract (oil) Industrial The leaves and stem contain an esential oil with irregular monoterpene alcohols; the sesquiterpene lactone santolin; herbolides A, B and C; thymol. 7,543 357 Wormwood Whole Oil (Fuel) Widely used as a fuel plant. 7,543 358 African Lettuce Leaf Food Yanrin leaves are eaten fresh as a salad or cooked in soups or sauces. Amongst the Yoruba people in Nigeria soup made of yanrin leaves, called ‘efo yanrin’ is popular. 7,544 359 African Lettuce Forage (fresh) Feed (Forage/Fodder) In northern Nigeria plants are fed to nursing cattle to increase milk production, and yanrin is given to livestock to induce multiple births. 7,544 360 Beluntas Leaf Food Leaves, young tops and inflorescences, either raw or cooked, are consumed in Java as a side-dish to rice, or as a salad, and sometimes as components of a soup. In Thailand, the leaves are eaten as a flavouring. 7,546 361 Beluntas Leaf Medicinal Indian sage is commonly used within its native range to treat a wide range of disorders. 7,546 362 Beluntas Whole Ornamental The plant also provides edible leaves, and is cultivated in gardens as a hedge. 7,546 363 Bhringaraj Whole Medicinal The herb is an Ayurveda and Yunani medicine. According to Ayurveda philosophy Eclipta is bitter, hot fattening, alterative, anthelminticum, and alexipharmic. It is useful in inflammations, hernia, eye diseases, bronchitis, asthama, leucoderma, anaemia, heart and skin diseases, right blindness, syphilis etc. It is reported as beneficial for complexion, hair, eyes, and teeth. 7,549 364 Black Salsify Root Food Scorzonera roots are used as a cooked vegetable. They are peeled before or after boiling. In Europe, they are among the many canned and frozen commercial vegetables (‘salsifis’ in France). 7,551 365 Black Salsify Leaf Food Young leaves are used as a salad. 7,551 366 Black Salsify Root Beverages The roots have been used, like chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), as a coffee substitute. 7,551 367 Black Salsify Whole Medicinal Medicinal uses as a diuretic, sudorific and depurative are reported from Spain and Portugal. A mixture of latex and milk is used as a cure for colds. 7,551 368 Common Sow-thistle Leaf Food Throughout Africa, the primary use of Sonchus oleraceus is as a cooked leafy vegetable, but it is also eaten raw. The tender leaves are eaten as a salad. 7,554 369 Common Sow-thistle Leaf Medicinal The leaves are said to clear infections, are used as a sedative, stomachic, diuretic and to treat liver diseases, including hepatitis. Further medicinal uses are the treatment of eye problems (Burundi), gastritis, salmonella infection (Madagascar), kwashiorkor and anaemia (Burundi, Sudan, Uganda). 7,554 370 Common Sow-thistle Forage (dry) Feed (Forage/Fodder) Sow-thistle is a favourite food for rabbits and poultry and it is also used as fodder for cattle. 7,554 371 Redflower Ragleaf Leaf Food C. crepidiodes is eaten by humans in many countries in Africa. Succulent leaves and stems are used as a vegetable in soups and stews, especially in West and Central Africa. In Sierra Leone the leaves are also popular and are made into a sauce with groundnut paste. In Australia this species is eaten as a salad green, either cooked or raw. 7,555 372 Redflower Ragleaf Whole Medicinal C. crepidiodes is also used in traditional African medicine to treat indigestion, stomach ache, epilepsy, sleeping sickness, and swollen lips. 7,555 373 Redflower Ragleaf Forage (fresh) Feed (Forage/Fodder) C. crepidiodes is also used as green fodder for poultry and livestock. 7,555 374 Longevity spinach/Sambung Nyawa Leaf Food The edible leaves are sometimes harvested from the wild for local consumption. 7,557 375 Longevity spinach/Sambung Nyawa Leaf Medicinal The plant is febrifuge. It is used in the treatment of fevers, kidney troubles and dysentery. The semi-succulent leaves are applied externally to relieve rheumatic pains and general body-pains. 7,557 376 Toothache Plant Leaf Food The raw leaves are used as a flavouring for salads, soups and meats in Brazil and India. 7,563 377 Toothache Plant Whole Ornamental It is grown widely as an ornamental because of the attractive colourful heads. 7,563 378 Toothache Plant Whole Medicinal The most common and widespread medicinal use is to treat toothache and throat and gum infections. The plant is further recommended as a cure for dysentery and rheumatism, and to enhance the immune system. It is used against blood parasites, especially against malaria, both prophylactic and curative. 7,563 380 Wild Chamomile Flower Beverages It is one of two species commonly used for making the tisane (herbal infusion) called chamomile tea. Chamomile tea, one of the world’s most popular herbal teas, is made from dried flowers of either plant steeped in hot water. 7,588 381 Wild Chamomile Extract (oil) Industrial Other preparations such as tinctures, poultices, and lotions are used as traditional medicines, and essential oils are used in aromatherapy and cosmetic preparations. 7,588 382 Wild Chamomile Whole Medicinal The terpenes and fl avonoids found in the oil of the fl owers have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiphlogistic properties (topical anti-infl ammatory activity) and some studies have shown potential therapeutic effects, but the value of plant preparations in treating a wide variety of conditions from eczema to diabetes to cancer has not been conclusively shown with evidence-based research. 7,588 383 Field Bindweed Root Medicinal C. arvensis has a number of medicinal properties and resins from the root may act as a diuretic and a laxative. 7,589 384 Field Bindweed Leaf Beverages The plant is also used as a flavouring in a liqueur. The tea made from leaves may be used to treat fevers and wounds. 7,589 385 Field Bindweed Whole Industrial Dyes can be obtained from the plant. 7,589 386 Lesser Dodder Whole Medicinal Clover dodder is used in traditional medicine as a purgative and to treat disorders of the liver, spleen and urinary tract. However, there has been little scientific investigation into the actual effectiveness of its use. 7,590 387 Kidney Leaf Morning Glory Leaf Food Young shoots can be cooked and eaten as a pot herb. The leaves are also used in soups 7,591 388 Kidney Leaf Morning Glory Leaf Medicinal The leaves and young shoots are alterative, deobstruent, diuretic, laxative and purgative. They are used in the treatment of rheumatism, neuralgia and headache. An infusion of the leaves, added to lumps of sugar, is used as a remedy for cough. A decoction of the leaves and tops is sometimes used as a diuretic. 7,591 389 Bloodtwig Dogwood Fruit Food Fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. A bitter flavour, it can also have an emetic effect on the body. 7,592 390 Bloodtwig Dogwood Seed Oil (Food) An oil is obtained from the seed and fleshy pericarp. 7,592 391 Bloodtwig Dogwood Bark Medicinal The bark is astringent and febrifuge. It is used to treat fevers. 7,592 392 Bloodtwig Dogwood Leaf Medicinal The leaves are sometimes used externally as an astringent. 7,592 393 Bloodtwig Dogwood Seed Industrial The seed contains up to 45% of a non-drying oil, it is used in soap making and lighting. 7,592 394 Bloodtwig Dogwood Fruit Industrial A greenish-blue dye is obtained from the fruit. 7,592 395 Bloodtwig Dogwood Stem Industrial The young stems are very flexible and are used in basketry. The thin, flexible branches are used in the manufacture of baskets, hoops, and pipe stems. 7,592 396 Bloodtwig Dogwood Bark Industrial A good quality charcoal is obtained from the wood. The wood also makes an excellent fuel. 7,592 397 Canadian Dwarf Cornel Fruit Food Bunchberry fruit is said to edible, but not very flavorful. The fruits reportedly can be consumed raw or cooked. Native Americans used them in puddings and sauces, ate them raw, or dried them for winter use. 7,595 398 Canadian Dwarf Cornel Fruit Medicinal Bunchberry was used medicinally by a number of native American groups. For instance, the Abnaki used an infusion of the leaves as a cathartic tea. The Hoh used an infusion of the bark as a tonic. The Iroquois took a decoction of the whole plant for coughs and fevers. 7,595 399 Canadian Dwarf Cornel Fruit Feed (Forage/Fodder) Bunchberry fruits are eaten by American Black Bears and small mammals. Eastern Chipmunks, American Martens, Eastern Cottontails, and Snowshoe Hares feed on bunchberry stems and fruits. 7,595 400 Canadian Dwarf Cornel Forage (fresh) Feed (Forage/Fodder) Bunchberry provides a food source for some species of wildlife. In some parts of its range, White-tailed Deer consume Bunchberry foliage, as do caribou, moose, and elk, although this plant does not appear to be a preferred food source for any of them 7,595 401 Cornelian Cherry Fruit Food Fruit can be eaten raw, dried or used in preserves. Juicy, with a nice acid flavour. The fully ripe fruit has a somewhat plum-like flavour and texture and is very nice eating, but the unripe fruit is rather astringent. It is rather low in pectin and so needs to be used with other fruit when making jam. The fruit makes superb jams, stewed fruits, jellies, marmelades, beverages and wines. 7,596 402 Cornelian Cherry Seed Oil (Food) A small amount of edible oil can be extracted from the seeds. The seeds can also be roasted, ground into a powder and used as a coffee substitute. 7,596 403 Cornelian Cherry Leaf Beverages The leaves can be used as a tea substitute. 7,596 404 Cornelian Cherry Bark Industrial The bark, branches and leaves contain tannins and yield red dyes as well as a yellow dye for fabrics. The wood, bark and leaves contain a high quality tannin suitable for tanning yellow even thick hides. The thin trunks make excellent walking sticks and canes. The wood is of a fine texture, very hard, very heavy, durable, very solid, resilient, difficult to split and readily polished. It is heavier than water and does not float. Highly valued by turners, it is used for making tools, machine parts, etc. It can be used to replace box-wood (Buxus species) as material for handles, such as heavy blacksmith sledge hammers, cogs in millers' wheels, buttons, or shuttles. 7,596 405 Cornelian Cherry Whole Ornamental The plant responds well to trimming and is very suitable for growing as a hedge and often grown as an ornamental in gardens. 7,596 406 Biting Stonecrop Whole Ornamental Excellent ground cover. Possible lawn substitute with minimal foot traffic. Sunny border fronts or rock gardens. Atop rock walls. Walkways. Ground cover for hot sites with poor soils. 7,598 407 Cobweb house-leek Leaf Medicinal The leaves are emollient, haemostatic, ophthalmic and sedative. The crushed plant, or its juice, is applied externally to boils, wounds etc and is also used to stop nose bleeds. The slightly warmed juice has been used to relieve ear inflammations and toothaches can be relieved by chewing on the leaves. 7,599 408 Kidneywort Leaf Food Leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. A very acceptable mild flavour in the winter and early spring, they can be used in quantity in salads at this time. 7,600 409 Kidneywort Leaf Medicinal The leaves are mildly analgesic. The juice and extract of the plant have an old reputation for the treatment of epilepsy. The leaves are also made into a poultice and used in the treatment of piles, slight burns and scalds. A decoction of the leaves is considered to be cooling and diuretic and the juice taken inwardly is said to be excellent for treating inflammations of the liver and spleen. 7,600 410 Buffalo Gourd Fruit Food Fruit can be cooked. Used as a vegetable, it can also be dried for later use. The young fruit is used, it is bitter and becomes more bitter as it gets older. 7,604 411 Buffalo Gourd Seed Food Seed can be eaten raw or cooked. The seeds can be ground into a powder and used as a thickening in soups or can be mixed with cereal flours when making cakes and biscuits. Rich in oil with a very pleasant nutty flavour, but very fiddly to use because the seed is small and covered with a fibrous coat. 7,604 412 Buffalo Gourd Seed Oil (Food) An edible oil is obtained from the seed. 7,604 413 Buffalo Gourd Root Food Root are the source of a starch that is used as a sweetener, stabilizer or for making puddings like tapioca. Some caution is advised. 7,604 414 Buffalo Gourd Fruit Medicinal Buffalo gourd was employed medicinally by many native North American tribes who used it particularly in the treatment of skin complaints. It is still employed in modern herbalism as a safe. 7,604 415 Buffalo Gourd Fruit Industrial The fruit is used as a soap substitute. The fruit is cut up and simmered in water to obtain the soap which can be used for removing stains. The fruit can also be dried and stored for later use. It is often used with the root which is also a soap substitute. The soap is said to be effective in removing stains from clothing. 7,604 416 Nara Melon Seed Food The seeds of nara, known as butter-nuts or butterpips, are eaten either fresh or roasted as a snack food, or ground into flour for cooking with other dishes. They are a good substitute for almonds, and have been exported to bakeries in Cape Town for use in confectionery. 7,617 417 Nara Melon Fruit Food In Namibia ripe fruits, which are sweet and juicy and about 900 g in weight, are either eaten raw and relished for their high water content, or made into a traditional preserve, the dried fruit pulp being made into flat cakes. Nara is also eaten as a famine food. 7,617 418 Nara Melon Forage (fresh) Feed (Forage/Fodder) Young stem tips are browsed by livestock. 7,617 419 Nara Melon Root Medicinal The bitter roots have medicinal value. Either chewed or made into a decoction, they are used to treat nausea, stomach-ache, venereal diseases, kidney problems, arteriosclerosis and chest pains. The crushed root mixed with fat is used to heal wounds. 7,617 420 Oyster Nut Seed Food The seeds of Telfairia pedata are eaten raw, cooked or roasted and are said to taste as good as almonds or Brazil nuts. 7,626 421 Oyster Nut Seed Oil (Food) The seed kernel contains an excellent edible oil, known as ‘oyster-nut oil’ or ‘koémé de Zanzibar’. It is useful in cosmetics and in soap and candle making. 7,626 422 Oyster Nut Seed Medicinal The oil is used as medicine for stomach troubles and rheumatism in East Africa. The Wachagga of Tanzania use the seed as tonic after childbirth. 7,626 423 Oyster Nut Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) After oil extraction, the presscake makes valuable feed for livestock, being rich in protein. 7,626 424 Cushaw Fruit Food Ripe fruit of Cucurbita argyrosperma are eaten as vegetables. 7,631 425 Cushaw Fruit Feed (Forage/Fodder) The ripe fruit is occasionally used to prepare sweets although it is used most frequently as feed for livestock and poultry. 7,631 426 Cushaw Seed Food The seeds are eaten whole, roasted, toasted or ground and are the main ingredient of sauces used to prepare various stews (for example, pipián - meat cooked in thick chili sauce, mole verde - a stew prepared with chili and green tomatoes). 7,631 427 Cushaw Seed Oil (Food) The seed is rich in oil and has a pleasant nutty flavour. It is used as a vegetable in pies etc, it can be stored for up to 6 months. The seeds yield an edible oil. 7,631 428 Cushaw Fruit Medicinal Cucurbita argyrosperma also has medicinal properties. A liquid emulsion of its seed can act as a vermifuge, and the subsequent use of a laxative can effect an expulsion of parasitic worms. 7,631 429 Snake Gourd Fruit Food Immature fruits, and more rarely young shoots and leaves of snake gourd are used as cooked vegetables. The fully mature fruit contains a soft, red, tomato-like pulp that is used in stews or sauces as a substitute for tomato puree or paste. 7,645 430 Snake Gourd Fruit Medicinal An infusion of the young shoot is mildly aperient, the leaf sap is emetic and the seeds are anthelmintic and antiperiodic. 7,645 431 Squirting Cucumber Fruit Medicinal The squirting cucumber has been used as a medicinal plant for over 2,000 years, though it has a very violent effect upon the body and currently has little use in modern herbalism. Medicinally, the plant is mostly known for its high content of cucurbitacins, which can provide the species with various biological activities. 7,646 432 Squirting Cucumber Whole Ornamental It is sometimes grown in gardens as a curiosity. 7,646 433 Watermelon Fruit Food Citrullus lanatus comprises overlapping groups of cultivars that yield seed or edible fruits. 7,658 434 Watermelon Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) The residue from oil extraction is made into balls that are fried to produce a local snack called ‘robo’ in Nigeria, or is used as cattle feed. 7,658 435 Watermelon Seed Oil (Food) A highly prized vegetable oil is extracted from the seed. This oil is used for cooking. 7,658 436 Watermelon Extract (oil) Industrial This oil is used for cooking and for cosmetic purposes and is of interest to the pharmaceutical industry. 7,658 437 Colocynth Fruit Medicinal Dried pulp of unripe fruit is used medicinally for its drastic purgative and hydragogue cathartic action on the intestinal tract. When the fruit is ripe its pulp dries to form a powder used as a bitter medicine and drastic purgative. 7,659 438 Gemsbok Cucumber Fruit Food The mature fruits of Acanthosicyos naudinianus are eaten raw or roasted; unripe fruits cause a burning sensation of the tongue and lips when eaten raw. The fruit also provides an important source of water. 7,660 439 Sweet Gourd Fruit Food The immature fruits are a well-known vegetable. 7,662 440 Sweet Gourd Extract (oil) Industrial The seeds contain an oil which is used as an illuminant in Indo-China and may be applied in the formulation of paint and varnishes. 7,662 441 Sweet Gourd Root Industrial The roots froth in water and may be used as a soap and to kill head lice. 7,662 442 Ivy Gourd Fruit Food C. grandis is used in cooking and medicine. The immature fruit and shoot tips are used in Asian cooking, and the fruit is eaten in India and Ethiopia. C. grandis is commonly used as a wild vegetable in rural areas of Kannauj districts in Uttar Pradesh, India. 7,663 443 Ivy Gourd Fruit Medicinal C. grandis is reported to have a wide range of medicinal properties. Pekamwar et al. (2013) reported C. grandis to have ‘analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, antimalarial, antidyslipidemic, anticancer, antitussive [and] mutagenic’ properties. Very low concentrations of crude extract of C. grandis were shown to have an inhibitory effect on the cervical cancer cell line HeLa. 7,663 444 White-seed Melon Seed Oil (Food) Egusi-itoo is mainly grown for its oily seed. An expensive semi-drying oil is extracted from the kernel, whereas the residue is fed to animals or used in the preparation of local snacks. The oil is suitable for cooking, soap making and, less commonly, illumination. It can readily be refined into superior products for table use. It is of better quality and higher value than cottonseed oil. The flesh of the fruit, though edible, is not commonly eaten. 7,666 445 White-seed Melon Seed Food The kernels are milled into a whitish paste which is used in soups and stews. The seeds (including seedcoat) are also roasted and served as a snack. They resemble groundnut in flavour. 7,666 446 Coachwood Bark Industrial Coachwood was highly sought after in WWII for its timber use in rifle stocks, it is a light weight timber and was also used for aircraft frames in WWII. The wood was also popular for furniture and cabinet manufacturing. 7,678 447 Crabapple Fruit Food Fruit can be eaten raw. A sour flavour. The fruit is a white to yellowish, ovoid to globose drupe about 10 - 15mm in diameter. 7,682 448 Crabapple Bark Industrial The tree seldom grows large enough to produce a millable log in the tropical northern part of its range, but produces a useful timber in the warm temperate and subtropical areas. The wood is not durable, but is easily worked, peels and turns well, glues readily and is easily stained. A useful wood for cabinet making and general purposes. 7,682 449 Leatherwood Bark Industrial The pink to brown heartwood is straight grained with a fine uniform texture. The wood is tough, of medium strength and with visible growth rings. It has good working properties, glues, nails, bends and polishes well. 7,683 450 Leatherwood Bark Medicinal A fragrant resin exuded by the plant is antiseptic, styptic. 7,683 451 Leatherwood Whole Ornamental It is often grown as an ornamental, where it can be used as a hedge. 7,683 452 Jipijapa Palm Whole Ornamental C. palmata is grown pantropically as an ornamental. 7,684 453 Jipijapa Palm Leaf Industrial C. palmata is, however, used in Central America for making lesser-quality hats for local use. In South-East Asia hats are made of C. palmata in Indonesia and the Philippines, mainly for the tourist industry. In pre-Columbian times, South American Indians used C. palmata leaves to weave mats. Older and coarser leaf material still widely serves for making mats, baskets, cigar cases, small bags and similar objects, whereas mature leaves and the stiff outer leaf segments are made into brooms. 7,684 454 Galingale Whole Ornamental 7,685 455 Galingale Root Food The crisp starchy tuberous roots are edible and have an sweet aromatic mossy violet-like fragrance that made it a prized and much-used spice in the medieval kitchen. 7,685 456 Edible Spike Rush Tuber Food Chinese water chestnut (tuber or corm) is used as a vegetable both raw or cooked in numerous local dishes such as omelets, soups, salads, meat and fish dishes, and even in sweet dishes in China. The larger corms are widely eaten raw as a substitute for fresh fruits. The smaller corms are used principally for making starch. In Indonesia and the Philippines, the corms are usually made into chips ("emping teki"). 7,686 457 Edible Spike Rush Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) They are also used as cattle feed or as mulch. 7,686 458 Edible Spike Rush Stem Industrial Stems are used for making sleeping mats (Sumatra, Sulawesi) and skirts (Papua New Guinea). 7,686 459 Erima Bark Industrial The wood is used for several purposes, especially where strength is not important. The wood can only be used under cover for light furniture and joinery, interior finish, mouldings, wide shelves, louvred doors, coffin boards, large dugout canoes, rafts, sledges, jungle drums, concrete shuttering, packing, low-quality crates and boxes, buoys and fish-net floats, matchboxes, back and core veneer, firewood, chipboard and fibreboard, and for pulp and paper manufacture. The inner bark contains a yellow dye. 7,687 460 Erima Leaf Medicinal Young leaves are eaten as vegetable and the juice is used in local medicine to treat stomach-ache. 7,687 461 Elephant Apple Fruit Food Fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. The aromatic, acid, juicy fruit is usually used in curries, preserves, drinks or fermented into vinegar. The fruits have a similar taste and flavour to unripe apple. 7,708 462 Elephant Apple Fruit Medicinal The fruit is tonic and laxative. It is used in the treatment of abdominal disorders, and is mixed with sugar to be used against coughs. 7,708 463 Elephant Apple Fruit Industrial The fruits can be rubbed in water to make a soap. The pulp is used as a hair wash. 7,708 464 Dillenia Fruit Food 7,719 465 Dillenia Fruit Medicinal According to Ayurveda, the plant pacifies vitiated vata, kapha. It is used to treat anal fistula, wounds, diabetes, diabetic carbuncle, neuritis, pleurisy, pneumonia, and burning sensation. 7,719 466 Dillenia Bark Industrial A fibre obtained from the inner bark is used for cordage. The wood is used for planking, house posts and furniture. The wood, though of rather good quality, is rarely used because of its crookedness. A rather good quality charcoal is made from the wood. 7,719 467 African Bitter Yam Root Food Root should be cooked first before eat. The roots are collected, peeled, cut into small pieces and soaked overnight to remove toxic substances before being cooked. Then they are washed, sliced and dried in the sun. The dried slices are pounded into flour and used for uji or ugali. 7,720 468 African Bitter Yam Root Medicinal The tuber is boiled and eaten, or the liquid can be drunk, in the treatment of jaundice and malaria. The root is considered a cure for schistosomiasis. The powder obtained from dried and pounded roots is soaked in water and used to treat bilharzia. The root is used topically as an anodyne to relieve pain. 7,720 469 Barbasco Yam Root Medicinal The root is sometimes grown for medicinal purposes. This is almost certainly for the diosgenin found in the roots, which is a precursor of certain female hormones and is extracted for pharmaceutical use. 7,721 470 Guinea Yam Tuber Food The most popular yam in West Africa. The stem of this variety is round without wings and prickly at the base. The white flesh of the tubers produces a mealy starch. The tubers store well. 7,722 471 Guinea Yam Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) 7,722 472 Lesser Yam Tuber Food The tubers are eaten as a starchy staple, after cooking or roasting, and their taste is sweet and pleasant. Flour and starch are also extracted. 7,723 473 Potato Yam Tuber Food The plant is often cultivated in tropical areas, mainly for its edible aerial bulbs. Aerial tubers should be cooked.An agreeable taste, they can be boiled, baked, fried etc. They must be thoroughly cooked in order to destroy toxic alkaloids. Wild forms of the plant are always toxic raw, though selected cultivars have been developed that are much lower, or even free from, the toxins. 7,724 474 Potato Yam Tuber Medicinal Both the tuber and the bulbil of wild races have medicinal uses. n particular they are used externally, usually as a poultice, to treat wounds, sores, boils and inflammations; in dressings for treating dermal parasitic and fungal infections; or crushed, mixed with palm oil, and massaged onto areas of rheumatism, and for troubles of the breasts and for jiggers. In India the tuber is considered to be diuretic and to be a remedy for diarrhoea and haemorrhoids. 7,724 475 Water Yam Tuber Food The tubers and larger bulbils of D. alata are consumed by humans as a starchy staple, after cooking in various ways. 7,734 476 Water Yam Tuber Medicinal D. alata is also used in traditional medicine in Southeastern Asia. 7,734 477 Water Yam Tuber Feed (Forage/Fodder) Tubers and bulbils are also used as an animal feed resource. 7,734 478 Yam (Dioscorea floribunda) Tuber Food The edible root is sometimes gathered from the wild for local use. 7,758 479 Yellow Yam Tuber Food The tuber is used almost exclusively for human consumption. 7,766 480 Yellow Yam Tuber Feed (Forage/Fodder) Only the peels of the tuber are fed to animals. 7,766 481 Asiatic Bitter Yam/Gadung Tuber Food The tuber of D. hispida is the chief famine food of tropical Asia, as is D. dumetorum (Kunth) Pax for Africa. The tuber is poisonous because of a high content of the alkaloid dioscorine. Its preparation for food requires much time and skill and includes slicing, washing the fresh or boiled tuber in several changes of salt water, or in running water, and a final check on whether all poison has been removed. 7,767 482 Asiatic Bitter Yam/Gadung Tuber Industrial Starch extracted from the tubers can be used for culinary or industrial purposes, notably the manufacture of glucose. 7,767 483 Asiatic Bitter Yam/Gadung Tuber Medicinal The pounded tubers are sometimes used externally as an antiseptic, and a decoction is drunk to alleviate chronic rheumatism. 7,767 484 Bush Yam Tuber Food The tuber should be cooked first. Seen mainly as a food for use in times of shortage, usually only the lower portion is eaten, and then only while still young. Prolonged soaking of the tuber is required before it can be eaten, not so much because of any traces of toxicity as because of the woodiness of the tissue. 7,769 485 Bush Yam Leaf Medicinal The leaves are squeezed in water, which is then added to gin and taken as a treatment for jaundice. 7,769 486 Wild Yam Tuber Food The plant is widely cultivated in tropical areas of Asia for its edible root. 7,774 487 Wild Yam Whole Medicinal A decoction of the plant is applied to swellings. 7,774 488 Yams Tuber Food The rural and local people who use them as food supplements make them edible by different traditional practices. 7,779 489 Yams Tuber Medicinal Dioscorea species with nutritive and antioxidant content not only enrich the diet of the local rural and local people but also make them ethnomedicinally important. Tubers of different species of Dioscorea are used for curing various diseases and ailments in different formulations. 7,779 490 Black Kongu Bark Industrial Good source of valuable timber. 7,786 491 Boilam Tree Bark Industrial The timber is used as mersawa. 7,788 492 Dau Bark Industrial The timber is used as keruing. 7,789 493 Dau Whole Industrial A wood-oil is collected from the tree. 7,789 494 Dhali Garjan Bark Industrial D. gracilis is an important source of keruing, especially in Indo-China. A wood-oil can be obtained from the bole and is used as a varnish and for illumination. 7,795 495 Green Dammar Tree Bark Industrial A dammar resin is obtained from the stems. Dammar is a hard resin, obtained from various trees of Southeast Asia. Traditionally, it is used for purposes such as caulking boats and baskets, as an adhesive, a medicine, as a fuel for torches and sometimes in foods. Commercially, it is an ingredient of inks, lacquers, oil paints, varnishes etc, and is used as a glazing agent in foods. 7,803 496 Green Dammar Tree Bark Industrial The wood is smooth. The wood is used for house building, especially door frames, rafters and posts; it is also used for plough handles. It is especially in demand for use as house poles. 7,803 497 Gurjum Tree Bark Industrial The timber is used as keruing; D. alatus is a very important source of construction timber in Indo-China and Thailand. 7,814 498 Hollong Bark Industrial The timber is used in construction of house, especially for planking. Wood used for plywood, internal construction work and also used as railway sleepers. Oleoresin from the tree used as lubricant and in soap works. 7,822 499 Keruing Bark Industrial The tree is harvested from the wild mainly for the oleo-resin in its trunk. This is used locally and also exported. The tree also yields a timber of low quality, though this is used on a large scale in the manufacture of plywood. It is also used locally for making torches; caulking boats (mixed with other ingredients); as a varnish and sometimes medicinally. Industrially, it is used in making paints for houses and ships, lithographic ink and an anti-corrosive coating composition for iron. 7,824 500 Keruing Bark Medicinal A resin obtained from the tree is used in the treatment of ulcers, ring worms and other skin infections. It is a stimulant to mucous surfaces and is also a diuretic. 7,824 501 Makai Wood Industrial The timber is the major source of white meranti. The resin, called "damar tenang", was once collected on a commercial scale in North Sulawesi. 7,825 502 Malabar Ironwood Wood Industrial The tree produces a beautiful timber and is commonly harvested from the wild, both for local use and for trade. The wood can be used in construction, shipbuilding, making rice mills etc. It is valued in southern India for building temples. 7,826 503 Merawan Siput Jantan Wood Industrial The timber is used as merawan. The wood is suitable for rollers in the textile industry, piles, and bridge construction and as an alternative to maple for shoe and boot lasts. The bark has a high tannin content, and is suitable for tanning leather; it also produces an inferior quality dammar ("rock dammar"). 7,827 504 Merawan Siput Jantan Bark Medicinal The dammar is medicinally applied to sores and wounds. In Indo-China the bark has been used as a masticatory. 7,827 505 Merawan Siput Jantan Whole Ornamental H. odorata is sometimes used as a shade tree. 7,827 506 New Guinea Rosewood Wood Industrial The tree is an important commercial source of wood for making plywood. The dark reddish-grey wood is hard, open-grained and not durable. It is used in construction and for making plywood It harvested from the wild both for its timber and its resin. An oleoresin is obtained from the wood. 7,828 507 Resak Bukit Wood Industrial The timber is used as resak. The bark is used locally to prevent frothing in sweet palm juice and to arrest fermentation of toddy and local wine. 7,829 508 Resak Durian Wood Industrial The wood is used as resak and is especially suitable for making boats. 7,830 509 Resak Hitam Bark Industrial The timber is used as resak, especially for construction, house posts and boats. The bark is used locally to prevent frothing in sweet palm juice and to arrest fermentation of toddy and local wine. 7,831 510 Taloora Lac Tree Wood Industrial The timber is used as white meranti. A low-quality resin is obtained from the tree. In Cambodia the bark is used as a masticatory in the betel-quid. The tree also produces a dye. 7,832 511 Thingam Wood Industrial The tree is harvested from the wild for its timber, which is said to be the best timber of the region. 7,833 512 Thingam Wood Oil (Fuel) The wood is an excellent fuel. 7,833 513 White Dammar Bark Medicinal It is a multipurpose plant which has economic and medicinal importance. (1) Resin from V. indica is known as white ‘dammar’. Used for chronic bronchitis, piles, skin eruptions, ringworm, scrofula, tubercular glands, ulcers, wounds, boils; urinary discharges; amenorrhoea; gonorrhoea and syphilis. 7,834 514 White Dammar Bark Industrial Resin from V. indica is known as white ‘dammar’. Apart from medicinal uses, it has long been used as incense, and for making varnishes. It is obtained by cutting notches in the tree when it exudes and gradually hardens. 7,834 515 Engkabang Jantong Wood Industrial The timber is used as a light red meranti. Being one of the lightest in this trade group it is sometimes regarded as a white meranti or traded separately as "kawang jantong". S. macrophylla is one of the most important sources of illipe nuts. 7,842 516 Sundew Whole Medicinal Used as an antibiotic to combat bacteria infections: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Pneumococcus. It is also effective in respiratory relief of afflictions such as bronchitis, whooping cough, and asthma. There has been some discussion as to its effectiveness in treatment of warts and corns. 7,844 517 African Ebony Wood Industrial The wood is used for posts in house construction, flooring, joinery, furniture, ship building, vehicle bodies, musical instruments such as drums, household utensils such as cups, spoons, pestles and mortars, tool handles, walking sticks, combs, agricultural implements such as ploughs, boxes, carvings and turnery. The wood is also used as firewood, and is valued for charcoal production. 7,847 518 African Ebony Fruit Food The fruit is sweet but acidulous with a slight lemon-like taste. It is often eaten raw when fully ripe, particularly by children, but sometimes also dried and kept for later use when food is scarce at the end of the dry season. They can be ground into a flour, which is sometimes an ingredient of porridge. 7,847 519 African Ebony Fruit Beverages The fruits are also used in the production of fruit juice and alcoholic drinks. 7,847 520 African Ebony Leaf Food The leaves are occasionally eaten as vegetable, and the foliage is browsed by livestock. 7,847 521 African Ebony Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) The leaves are occasionally eaten as vegetable, and the foliage is browsed by livestock. 7,847 523 African Ebony Bark Industrial The gum from the bark is used to mend broken pottery, and fruit pulp to glaze and varnish pottery. 7,847 524 African Ebony Whole Ornamental Diospyros mespiliformis is planted for re-afforestation, as ornamental shade tree and as windbreak. 7,847 525 African Ebony Whole Medicinal Various parts of the tree are used in traditional medicine. 7,847 526 Black Sapote Fruit Food The fruits are eaten when fully ripe and soft. The pulp, which is contained within a thin skin, is soft, sweet, smooth, and pale brown in colour. 7,874 527 Black Sapote Wood Industrial The wood is yellowish to deep-yellow with black markings near the heart of old trunks; it is compact and suitable for cabinetwork, but is little used. 7,874 528 Black Sapote Bark Medicinal Various preparations of bark and leaves have been used medicinally against fever and skin disease. 7,874 529 Malabar Ebony Wood Industrial Wood occasionally used for timber. 7,889 530 Malabar Ebony Fruit Food Ripe fruit eaten raw, and are reportedly tasty or astringent. 7,889 531 Malabar Ebony Bark Medicinal Bark and seeds used in medicine, for treating ulcers and wounds, and as a gargle for sore throats. 7,889 532 Tendu Wood Industrial Heartwood used as ebony, black, often streaked with purple or brown bands; sapwood a good timber; wood a good fuelwood 7,891 533 Tendu Fruit Food 7,891 534 Tendu Leaf Food The leaves are higly esteemed for wrapping bidis. Their flavour, flexibility and resistance to decay are properties which are particularly valued for this use. 7,891 535 Tendu Whole (without root) Medicinal The leaves, flowers and bark have medicinal properties. 7,891 536 Russian Olive Fruit Food E. angustifolia fruit are olive-shaped yellow drupes that are edible and taste slightly sweet and pleasant to the taste; it is thought to be the wild olive described by writers of Ancient Greek. The fruit is apparently sold in Turkish markets as “ighide agaghi”. 7,893 537 Russian Olive Fruit Beverages The fruit is consumed fresh and dried in Turkey, Iran and Greece and is used for making alcoholic drinks or preserves such as marmalade. 7,893 538 Russian Olive Whole Ornamental E. angustifolia has values as an ornamental, and for landscaping, wildlife, revegetation and mine reclamation, though it is not a major source of raw materials where introduced. Although short lived it is a useful landscaping tree for its foliage colour especially useful for hedging. 7,893 539 Russian Olive Wood Industrial The timber is hard and brownish-yellow with a beautiful grain, being similar to that of white elm (Ulmus pumila, Ulmus americana). It can be used to make farm tools, furniture, mining poles and civil construction, and makes a good fuel and useful fenceposts. 7,893 540 Russian Olive Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) The tree is considered a good source for bee foraging. Foliage, however, has low palatability for most livestock, though young leaves may be browsed. 7,893 541 Russian Olive Whole (without root) Medicinal The leaves, shoots, flowers, fruits and bark have been traditionally used in Chinese medicine. All parts of the tree are used in ethnomedicine to treat a range of conditions. It has a range of activities including astringent, antitussive, antiinflammatory and carminative and well as beneficial effects on joint and arthritic pain, and wound healing. It has also been used as a female aphrodisiac, a liver and spleen tonic, a treatment for diarrhoea, osteoporosis and stomach problems. 7,893 542 Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae salicifolia) Fruit Food A very nutritious food, and possibly the most nutritious fruit that can be grown in temperate climates. It is very rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C, plus minerals and bioflavonoids, and is also a source of essential fatty acids. 7,907 543 Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae salicifolia) Extract (oil) Medicinal The tender branches and leaves contain bio-active substances which are used to produce an oil that is quite distinct from the oil produced from the fruit. This oil is used as an ointment for treating burns. A high-quality medicinal oil is made from the fruit and used in the treatment of cardiac disorders, it is also said to be particularly effective when applied to the skin to heal burns, eczema and radiation injury, and is taken internally in the treatment of stomach and intestinal diseases. 7,907 544 Carabeen Wood Industrial The wood is suitable for furniture, flooring, lining, plywood, turning and internal joinery. 7,921 545 Silver Quandong Whole Ornamental Large tree for parks and gardens, rainforest gardens, Australia native gardens. 7,932 546 Silver Quandong Wood Industrial Timber is used for cabinet making, racing sculls, oars, aircraft construction. 7,932 547 Alpine-rose Whole Ornamental It is sometimes grown as an ornamental in gardens, where it can be used to form a ground cover. 7,934 548 Alpine-rose Whole Medicinal The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine. 7,934 549 Alpine-rose Extract (oil) Industrial An extract of a culture of the leaf cells is used as an ingredient in commercial cosmetic preparations as a skin conditioner. An extract of the flowers is used as an ingredient in commercial cosmetic preparations as a skin conditioner. 7,934 550 Bilberry Fruit Food Fruit of whortleberry is juicy, edible, and has a "nutlike flavor". Berries are eaten fresh or gathered for use in jams and jellies. 7,936 551 Bilberry Leaf Beverages Leaves of whortleberry have been used to make tea. 7,936 552 Bilberry Fruit Medicinal Both fruit and leaves are reported to have some medicinal value. 7,936 553 European Cranberry Fruit Food It is also cultivated as a fruit crop. 7,937 554 European Cranberry Fruit Medicinal The mature fruits are eaten fresh or dried as a remedy for diarrhoea and as a treatment for sore throats, coughs and colds. 7,937 555 European Cranberry Leaf Beverages A tea is made from the leaves. This should not be drunk on a regular basis because it contains the toxin 'arbutin'. 7,937 556 European Cranberry Whole Ornamental It is also cultivated as a fruit crop and is sometimes grown as an ornamental, where it can be used to form a ground cover. 7,937 557 European Cranberry Leaf Industrial A yellow dye is obtained from the leaves and stems. 7,937 558 Heather Flower Medicinal The flowering shoots are antiseptic, astringent, cholagogue, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, mildly sedative and vasoconstrictor. An infusion of the flowering shoots is used in the treatment of coughs, colds, bladder and kidney disorders, cystitis. 7,938 559 Heather Flower Beverages A kind of mead was once brewed from the flowers and the young shoots have been used instead of hops to flavour beer. 7,938 560 High-bush Blueberry Fruit Food The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. As well as being eaten raw, it is prepared in a wide range of ways. It can be smoke-dried, sun-dried, boiled, and baked in pies, pastries, cereals, jellies etc. The fruit can also be dried and used like raisins. 7,939 561 High-bush Blueberry Leaf Beverages A tea is made from the leaves and dried fruit. 7,939 562 High-bush Blueberry Leaf Medicinal The leaves are astringent, antiinflammatory, blood purifier. An infusion is used in the treatment of sore throats and other inflammations of the mouth or mucous membranes of the throat, as well as in the treatment of infant's colic. 7,939 563 Strawberry Tree Fruit Food The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. Sweet but insipid. It does have a somewhat gritty skin, but the fruit itself has the texture of a lush tropical fruit and has a delicate pleasant flavour. For those people with sensitive taste buds, this is a fruit that can be enjoyed when eaten in moderate quantities. 7,940 564 Strawberry Tree Whole Medicinal The leaves, bark and root are astringent and diuretic. They are also a renal antiseptic and so are of use in the treatment of affections of the urinary system such as cystitis and urethritis. 7,940 565 Strawberry Tree Wood Industrial The wood makes a good charcoal. The wood is used for turning, making Greek flutes etc. 7,940 566 Black Crowberry Fruit Food The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. It can taste slightly acid or insipid. 7,941 567 Black Crowberry Leaf Medicinal The leafy branches have been used, especially for children with a fever, as a diuretic. A decoction of the leaves and stems, mixed with Hudson Bay tea and young spruce tree tips, has been used in the treatment of colds. 7,941 568 Black Crowberry Fruit Industrial A purple dye is obtained from the fruit. 7,941 569 Bog Blueberry Fruit Food The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. The fruit is cooked and used to make jams, jellies, pie fillings etc, and can also be dried and used like raisins. 7,942 570 Bog Blueberry Fruit Medicinal The fruit contains tannins, anthocyanoside, and flavonoids. A cold infusion of the dried fruit is used in the treatment of mucous membrane inflammation of the gastric and intestinal tract; diarrhoea, and bladder complaints. 7,942 571 Coca Leaf Leaf Medicinal The leaves are also used to make various preparations that are employed in modern medicine. Widely used as the source of the street drug cocaine, the leaves have long been used by local people as a stimulant to overcome hunger and exhaustion. An infusion of the leaves serves also as remedy for altitude sickness, the feared 'soroche'. 7,944 572 African Nut Tree Seed Oil (Food) The seeds of Ricinodendron heudelotii are widely used in cooking in West and Central Africa. An edible oil is extracted from the seeds and a paste made by crushing dried kernels is sometimes used as a thickening agent for soups and stews. 7,946 573 African Nut Tree Leaf Food The protein-rich leaves are eaten as a cooked vegetable with dried fish and are used as forage for goats and sheep. 7,946 574 African Nut Tree Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) The protein-rich leaves are eaten as a cooked vegetable with dried fish and are used as forage for goats and sheep. 7,946 575 African Nut Tree Wood Industrial The wood, called ‘erimado’ or ‘essessang’ in trade, is very light, soft and perishable, but is occasionally used in carving and for making household utensils, furniture, boxes and crates. The wood is also suitable for boat building, sporting goods, toys and novelties, hardboard, particle board, plywood, wood-wool and wood-pulp. 7,946 576 African Nut Tree Bark Medicinal Bark of the root and stem is used in decoctions or lotions to treat constipation, cough, dysentery, rheumatism, rickets in children, oedema, elephantiasis, fungal infection, blennorrhoea, painful menstruation, and to prevent miscarriage, relieve pain in pregnant women, cure infertility in women, give strength to premature babies, and to mature abscesses, furuncles and buboes. 7,946 577 Barinas Nut Seed Oil (Food) The seeds are a source of an edible oil rich in linoleic acid (34.4%). 7,950 578 Barinas Nut Seed Oil (Fuel) The oil extracted from the shells and seeds is used as an illuminant. 7,950 579 Barinas Nut Wood Industrial The wood is not regarded as valuable or durable. It is used for furniture. The wood is used to make an excellent charcoal. 7,950 580 Barinas Nut Seed Medicinal Nuts and oil are an excellent cure for pulmonary complaints and dermatitis. 7,950 581 Bignay Fruit Food Ripe fruit can be eaten raw; it stains mouth and fingers. Unripe berries are rather sour and since the berries in a bunch do not ripen evenly, the fruit is often used to make jam or jelly. 7,952 582 Bignay Fruit Beverages Juice of fully ripened fruit serves as a refreshing drink and yields an excellent wine. 7,952 583 Bignay Leaf Food The young leaves are also eaten in salads and cooked with rice. 7,952 584 Candlenut Seed Industrial The fatty seed oil (kukui oil or lumbang oil) is not suitable for cooking, but is used in cosmetics, industrially (in paints, varnishes, linoleum, soap manufacture, wood preservation), for illumination (lamp oil, candles) and medicinally (mild purgative, embrocation for sciatica, against hair loss). In Indonesia the oil is used in the batik industry. For illumination, the oily kernels can be burnt as such, or pounded and made into candles. 7,969 585 Candlenut Seed Food The seeds of a type in Vanuatu are eaten without any apparent toxic effect. In Indonesia the residual oil cake is sometimes processed into a snack-food called ‘dage kemiri’. 7,969 586 Candlenut Seed Food In Indonesia there is a considerable internal trade in candlenuts, mainly with Java as the destination. Candlenut is traded and transported as stones or ‘nuts’. The seed of Aleurites moluccanus is an indispensable spice in Indonesian cuisine, where it is known as ‘kemiri’. 7,969 587 Candlenut Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) The presscake is an excellent organic fertilizer rich in N and P; it should be used with caution as animal feed because of its toxic effects. 7,969 588 Candlenut Whole Ornamental Aleurites moluccanus is commonly planted in villages and as roadside tree. Its silvery-green foliage makes it an attractive ornamental in landscaping. 7,969 589 Candlenut Seed Medicinal In traditional medicine in Indonesia the seed is used as a laxative, pulped kernels are used in poultices to treat headache, fevers, ulcers, swollen joints and constipation. 7,969 590 Candlenut Bark Medicinal The bark is used to treat dysentery, the bark sap (mixed with coconut milk) to treat sprue, and boiled leaves are applied externally to treat headache and gonorrhoea. In Japan the bark is used to treat tumours. 7,969 591 Castor Oil Plant Seed Oil (Food) The seed contains 35 - 55% of an edible oil, used in cooking. It is used by the food industry to add butter and nut flavours to various foods. 7,977 592 Castor Oil Plant Seed Medicinal The oil from the seed is a very well-known laxative that has been widely used for over 2,000 years. It is considered to be fast, safe and gentle, prompting a bowel movement in 3 - 5 hours, and is recommended for both the very young and the aged. It is so effective that it is regularly used to clear the digestive tract in cases of poisoning. The seed is anthelmintic, cathartic, emollient, laxative, purgative. 7,977 593 Castor Oil Plant Seed Industrial The seed contains 35 - 55% of a drying oil. As well as being used in cooking, it is an ingredient in a wide range of commodities including imitation leather, soaps, polishes, flypapers, paints and varnishes. It is also used as a lubricant and for lighting and as an ingredient in fuels for precision engines. The oil is used in coating fabrics and other protective coverings, in the manufacture of high-grade lubricants, transparent typewriter and printing inks, in textile dyeing (when converted into sulphonated Castor Oil or Turkey-Red Oil, for dyeing cotton fabrics with alizarine) and in the production of 'Rilson', a polyamide nylon-type fibre. The dehydrated oil is an excellent drying agent which compares favourably with tung oil and is used in paints and varnishes. The hydrogenated oil is utilized in the manufacture of waxes, polishes, carbon paper, candles and crayons. 7,977 594 Castor Oil Plant Stem Fibre A fibre for making ropes is obtained from the stems. 7,977 595 Castor Oil Plant Leaf Environmental The leaves have insecticidal properties. 7,977 596 Chaya Leaf Food Young chaya leaves and shoots are cooked and eaten, alone or in combination with other vegetables and meat in stews and soups. The leaves are only rarely eaten raw as fresh greens. 7,993 597 Chaya Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) Chaya is also used as forage for domestic animals. 7,993 598 Chaya Leaf Medicinal Medicinally, chaya has numerous characteristics, ranging from the ability to strengthen fingernails and darken graying hair. It is also used to cure alcoholism, diabetics, insomnia, skin disorders, venereal diseases, gout, scorpion stings and to improve brain function and memory. 7,993 599 False White Teak Wood Industrial The wood of T. nudiflora is used for light construction, household implements, matches, packing cases and for rotary veneer. In India it is used for drums and carving. 7,995 600 False White Teak Seed Industrial The seed yields an oil. 7,995 601 Hairy Mahang Bark Industrial The bark contains tannin which is used for toughening fishing nets. Nets dipped in a decoction of the bark will stand the influence of sea-water for a considerable time. In Indonesia and the Philippines, the kino tapped from the bark is used as a glue, particularly for fastening together parts of musical instruments. The timber is not used on a large scale, but in Sumatra it is used to make ladders for picking pepper and in the Philippines wooden shoes are made from it, whereas in Malaysia it serves to build temporary houses. The bark is used for making food containers in Sumatra. 8,008 602 Hairy Mahang Root Medicinal The medicinal uses are numerous. In the Philippines, the powdered root is used as an emetic to treat fever, and a decoction of the root against haemoptysis. 8,008 603 Hairy Mahang Root Medicinal The leaves have been used internally to treat dysentery and as an abortifacient. In Peninsular Malaysia, pounded leaves are applied to wounds, and an infusion of the root internally to treat fever. In Brunei smoke from burning leaves is considered a general ailment of the body. 8,008 604 Hairy Mahang Leaf Beverages Bark and leaves are widely utilized in the Philippines in the preparation of a fermented drink called "basi" made from sugar cane. The addition of leaves of M. tanarius stimulates the fermentation of sugar cane molasses, and consequently increases the alcoholic yield of the beverage prepared from it. 8,008 605 Jatropha Seed Industrial It is a source of oil that is traditionally used for soap production and as a source of energy. The oil-rich seeds and seed oil are used as purgative and to expel internal parasites, although their application often leads to strong irritation of the gastro-intestinal tract or even poisoning. The oil is used as an ingredient of hair conditioners. Traditionally, it is used for the manufacture of candles and soap. 8,017 606 Jatropha Root Medicinal A decoction of the roots is a cure for diarrhoea and gonorrhoea. In Madagascar a decoction of the leaves and roots is taken to treat malaria. Dried and pulverized root bark is made into poultices and is taken internally to expel worms and to treat jaundice. 8,017 607 Jatropha Seed Oil (Fuel) The seed oil is not edible as it contains toxic compounds. Traditionally, it is used for the manufacture of candles and soap, as lamp oil and as fuel for cooking. Jatropha curcas is increasingly planted for bio-fuel purposes. The oil is either used directly in adapted engines powering local grain mills, oil presses, water pumps and small generators, or first refined by trans-esterification with methanol or ethanol to produce regular fuel suitable for high-performance diesel engines. 8,017 608 Jatropha Leaf Industrial Leaf sap yields a black dye or ink that is said to be indelible. 8,017 609 Jatropha Whole Ornamental Hybrids of Jatropha curcas and other Jatropha species are grown as ornamentals. 8,017 610 Jumping-seed tree Wood Industrial The wood is soft, pale coloured, light in weight and tough, but not durable; it is used for tool handles and farm implements. S. ellipticum is a source of firewood and is used to produce charcoal. 8,031 611 Jumping-seed tree Leaf Medicinal Leaves and roots are used to treat mumps. 8,031 612 Jumping-seed tree Whole Ornamental The attractive trees are suitable for planting in amenity areas. 8,031 613 Kamala Fruit Industrial The granules which cover the ripe fruit are used in India as a dye ("kamala") for dyeing silk and wool bright orange. Kamala also serves as a preservative for vegetable oils and dairy products. Kamala is also recorded to be used as a dye for food-stuffs and beverages. 8,033 614 Kamala Fruit Medicinal The granules on the fruit have been widely used as an anthelmintic and to treat skin complaints, e.g. herpes. An extract of kamala in hexachlorethane may be useful in treating liver fluke in cattle. Kamala is also known to affect the fertility of animal and man. It has been applied as a drastic purgative. 8,033 615 Kamala Leaf Medicinal The leaves and bark are also used to treat skin diseases. The leaves are used as diuretic and anti-amoebic. In Papua New Guinea, a decoction of the leaves is applied against diarrhoea, but also to treat constipation; the sap is applied to wounds. 8,033 616 Kamala Seed Industrial The seeds yield kamala seed oil which can be used as a substitute for tung oil, obtained from Aleurites spp., in the production of rapid-drying paints and varnishes. The seed oil is also used as a fixative in cosmetic preparations. 8,033 617 Kamala Wood Industrial The wood is sometimes used as timber for implements and rafters, and often as fuelwood. It is also suitable for paper pulp. 8,033 618 Kamala Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) The leaves are used as fodder. 8,033 620 African Cabbage Leaf Food The tender leaves, young shoots and occasionally flowers are eaten boiled as potherb, relish, stew or side dish. The leaves are utilized in fresh form or dried as powder. 8,208 621 African Cabbage Leaf Medicinal an infusion of the leaves is used to treat anaemia. The leaves and seeds are used medicinally as rubefacient and vesicant, and to treat rheumatism, externally as well as internally. An infusion of the roots is used as a medicine for chest pain, the leaves to treat diarrhoea. 8,208 622 African Cabbage Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) The seeds are used to feed birds. The seed cake can be used as animal food. 8,208 623 Brazil Nut Seed Food Seed - raw or cooked. A mild flavour, the nuts are a common item of food, eaten raw and also roasted, salted or used in ice cream etc. 8,230 624 Brazil Nut Bark Medicinal The bark of the tree is used as a treatment for liver problems. 8,230 625 Brazil Nut Seed Medicinal The sweet oil from the seeds is applied to burns. 8,230 626 Brazil Nut Fruit Medicinal A tea made from the fruit is used as a treatment for gastralgia. 8,230 627 Brazil Nut Seed Oil (Fuel) The nut, which has an elevated oil content of 63-69%, burns with a candle-like flame when lit. 8,230 628 Brazil Nut Seed Industrial The oil from seed has also sometimes been used in perfumery, paint and soap making, and as a lubricant for watches and clocks. 8,230 629 Brazil Nut Bark Fibre The bark has been used in remote regions for fibre production. It is used for caulking ships. 8,230 630 European Oregano Leaf Food The fresh leaves are used as a garnish for salads while the dried herb is popular for seasoning soups, stews and poultry dishes. 8,209 631 European Oregano Extract (oil) Industrial The essential oil is used for scenting soap and as an ingredient in liqueur and wine. 8,209 632 European Oregano Leaf Beverages The fresh herb is more popular and expensive than the dried herb. Both herbs are also used to make a kind of tea, and a good quality honey can be obtained from the flowers. 8,209 633 Brazil Nut Bark Industrial The durable wood is sought by boat builders, and is also used for purposes such as interior joinery, cabinet making, high class furniture, construction, flooring, heavy carpentry and sliced veneer. 8,230 634 European Oregano Whole Industrial The sap of oregano also yields a red dye. 8,209 635 European Oregano Whole Medicinal Medicinally, oregano is less important than it used to be. It was, for example, used as a stimulant, carminative, tonic and to cure asthma, coughs, indigestion, rheumatism, toothache, headache and spider bites. 8,209 636 European Oregano Whole Environmental Although its use as culinary herb is currently most important, there is renewed interest in the bactericidal, fungicidal, antiviral, nematicidal, insecticidal and anti-oxidant activities of Origanum essential oils. 8,209 637 European Pennyroyal Leaf Food The leaves are edible, either raw or cooked, and are used as a flavouring in salads or cooked foods. It has a rather coarse spearmint-like flavour, and is no longer used very often in Britain. 8,241 638 European Pennyroyal Leaf Beverages A herbal tea is made from the fresh or dried leaves. 8,241 639 Cucumber Tree Bark Medicinal A tea made from the bark is antiperiodic, aromatic, mildly diaphoretic, laxative, stimulant, tonic. It has historically been used as a substitute for quinine in the treatment of malaria. An infusion has been used in the treatment of stomach ache and cramps. A hot infusion of the bark has been snuffed to treat sinus problems and has also been held in the mouth to treat toothaches. 8,242 640 Cucumber Tree Fruit Medicinal A tea made from the fruit is a tonic, used in the treatment of general debility and was formerly esteemed in the treatment of stomach ailments 8,242 641 European Pennyroyal Whole Environmental Since rats and mice intensely dislike the smell of mint, M. pulegium was used in homes as a strewing herb and has also been spread in granaries to keep the rodents off the grain. 8,241 642 European Pennyroyal Whole Medicinal M. pulegium also powerfully stimulates the uterine muscles and encourages menstruation; therefore it should not be prescribed for pregnant women since it can procure abortions, especially if the essential oil is used. The herb is reported to be antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue (menstrual flow stimulant), sedative and stimulant. The essential oil in the leaves is antiseptic, though it is toxic in large doses. 8,241 643 Cucumber Tree Bark Industrial Wood - finely grained, soft, light, durable, not strong. It takes a very good polish and is used for boxes, crates, flooring, cabinet making etc. 8,242 644 Carob Pod Food Seedpods - raw or ground into a powder. The seedpods are filled with a saccharine pulp and can be eaten both green or dried. They are very sweet but fibrous, the pulp can be used as a chocolate substitute in cakes, drinks etc. 8,250 645 French Lavender Extract (oil) Medicinal In traditional medicine, fresh leaves and flowers are used to relieve headaches and rheumatic pains, and the vapour from boiling leaves and flowers is used to treat colds. The oil is used in aromatherapy and to scent cosmetic creams. 8,248 646 Carob Seed Food Seed - rich in protein. A flour is made from them which is 60% protein, it is free from sugar and starch and is suitable for baking. It can be used as a chocolate substitute. An edible gum is extracted from the seed, a substitute for Gum Tragacanth. A stabilizer and thickening agent, it is also used as an egg substitute. The roasted seed is a coffee substitute. 8,250 647 French Lavender Flower Industrial The flowers of Lavandula dentata last well in water and are useful as cut flowers. Dried flowers can be used in potpourri mixtures and incense sticks. 8,248 648 Carob Pod Medicinal The pulp in the seedpods of carob is very nutritious and, due to its high sugar content, sweet-tasting and mildly laxative. However, the pulp in the pods is also astringent and, used in a decoction, will treat diarrhoea and gently help to cleanse and also relieve irritation within the gut. The seedpods are also used in the treatment of coughs. A flour made from the ripe seedpods is demulcent and emollient. It is used in the treatment of diarrhoea. 8,250 649 Carob Bark Medicinal The bark is strongly astringent. A decoction is used in the treatment of diarrhoea. 8,250 650 Carob Pod Industrial A flour made from the seedpods is used in the cosmetic industry to make face-packs. 8,250 651 French Lavender Whole Ornamental Fringed lavender is cultivated as an aromatic ornamental and as an informal, low-growing hedge. 8,248 652 Carob Bark Industrial Wood - hard, lustrous. Highly valued by turners, it is also used for marquetry and walking sticks. 8,250 653 Chiku Fruit Food The fruit can be eaten raw, or used in making sherbets, custard, ice cream, pies, jams, jellies etc. In order to be at its best, the fruit needs to be eaten when it is absolutely ripe and has lost that astringency. 8,258 654 Chiku Bark Industrial The trees are a source of a milky latex called balata or chicle. This inelastic polymer can be coagulated when it becomes hard and brittle until chewed. It has long been used as the base for chewing gum. The gum is also used in transmission belts, dental surgery, and as a substitute for gutta-percha, a coagulum of the latex of Palaquium spp. 8,258 655 Chiku Leaf Food The very young leaves and shoots can be eaten raw or cooked. Some caution is advised since older leaves contain poisonous alkaloids. 8,258 656 Chiku Leaf Medicinal A leaf decoction is taken for fever, haemorrhage, wounds and ulcers. For neuralgia, leaf with tallow is applied as a compress on the temples. 8,258 657 Chiku Bark Medicinal Tannin from the bark is used to cure diarrhoea and fever. 8,258 658 Chiku Fruit Medicinal The fruit is eaten as a remedy for indigestion and diarrhoea. 8,258 659 Chiku Seed Medicinal Seeds are antipyretic, and when ground with water they act as a diuretic. They are used to expel urinary and gall bladder stones. 8,258 660 Chiku Root Medicinal The pulverized roots are used to treat thrush in babies. 8,258 661 Chiku Bark Industrial Tannin from the bark is used to tan ship sails and fishing tackle. 8,258 662 Gamhar Tree Wood Industrial The wood is suitable for general utility purposes, especially light construction and structural work, general carpentry, packaging, carvings, utility furniture and decorative veneers, with excellent woodworking properties. Additionally, the wood has been used in light flooring, for musical instruments, matches, particle board, as a mine timber, in vehicle bodies and ships. The wood is often used as firewood and for charcoal. 8,261 663 Gamhar Tree Whole Ornamental Gmelina is planted as an ornamental, avenue and shade tree in urban and peri-urban areas. 8,261 664 Gamhar Tree Root Medicinal The roots are considered to have tonic, stomachic and laxative properties, and the flowers have been used to treat leprosy and blood diseases. 8,261 665 Gamhar Tree Fruit Food The fruit is edible. 8,261 666 Gamhar Tree Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) The leaves are widely used as cattle fodder, and in silkworm culture. 8,261 667 Gamhar Tree Wood Industrial The wood ash and fruit yield very persistent yellow dyes. 8,261 668 Garden Thyme Extract (oil) Medicinal The medicinal variety is known as common Thyme or garden Thyme, the same variety that is most often used for seasoning. Medicinal preparations of common Thyme are made from the leaves and the flowers. The genus Thymus are important medicinal plants, highly recommended due to a variety of therapeutic properties of their essential oils, normally known as Thyme oil. Thymus species are considered as medicinal plants due to their pharmacological and biological properties. Thymus vulgaris L. is widely used in folk medicine in the treatments of variety of diseases such as gastroenteric and bronchopulmonary disorders. The essential oil of thyme and the compound thymol have antimicrobial activity in vitro against E. coli strains. The essential oil of thyme has been found to possess the strongest antimicrobial properties. 8,262 669 Garden Thyme Leaf Food The medicinal variety is known as common Thyme or garden Thyme, the same variety that is most often used for seasoning. Medicinal preparations of common Thyme are made from the leaves and the flowers. 8,262 670 Garden Thyme Whole Ornamental Common or garden Thyme is considered the principal type, and is utilized commercially for flowering and ornamental purposes. 8,262 671 French Bean (Common Bean) Pod Food The green pods are commonly used as a vegetable, they have a mild flavour and should only be cooked for a short time. 8,263 672 French Bean (Common Bean) Seed Food The immature seeds are boiled or steamed and used as a vegetable. The mature seeds are dried and stored for future use.They can be boiled, baked, pureed, ground into a powder or fermented into 'tempeh' etc. The powdered seed makes a protein-enriching additive to flour, it can also be used in soups. 8,263 673 French Bean (Common Bean) Leaf Food Young leaves - raw or cooked as a potherb. The very young leaves are sometimes eaten as a salad, the older leaves are cooked. 8,263 674 French Bean (Common Bean) Pod Medicinal The green pods are mildly diuretic and contain a substance that reduces the blood sugar level. The dried mature pod is used in the treatment of diabetes. 8,263 675 French Bean (Common Bean) Seed Medicinal The seed is diuretic, hypoglycaemic and hypotensive. Ground into a flour, it is used externally in the treatment of ulcers. The seed is also used in the treatment of cancer of the blood. When bruised and boiled with garlic they have cured intractable coughs. 8,263 676 Cowpea Seed Food The mature seeds are cooked and eaten alone or together with vegetables, spices and often palm oil, to produce a thick bean soup, which accompanies the staple food. 8,263 677 Cowpea Leaf Food Cowpea leaves are served boiled or fried and are usually eaten with a porridge. 8,263 678 Cowpea Pod Food The tender seedless cowpea pods are sometimes used as a cooked vegetable, as are young pods of yard-long bean. 8,263 679 Cowpea Forage (fresh) Feed (Forage/Fodder) Cowpea is used as fodder in West Africa, Asia (especially India) and Australia; it is used for grazing or cut and mixed with dry cereals for animal feed. 8,263 680 Cowpea Plant Fiber Fibre In Nigeria special cultivars are grown for the fibre extracted from the peduncle after retting; the strong fibre is especially suitable for fishing gear, and produces a good-quality paper. 8,263 681 Asam Gelugur Shoot Food The shoot usually used as dish (ulam) which can reduced the high blood pressure. 1,973 682 Kundang Fruit Food The use of the young fruit is more important; they serve as an ingredient of a special kind of 'sambal', the chilli-based condiment, and in pickles - the bright purple cotyledons in the big seed adding to the attraction of the concoction. 2,127 683 Quinoa Grain Beverages The grain can be fermented to prepare hot or cold beverages and beer. It can be used in the preparation of chicha, a reference beverage on South America. 2,039 684 Soursop Fruit Food The flesh of the food can be eaten raw. 1,973 685 Yautia Root Food The dried and peeled corm can be ground into a flour 2,379 686 Yautia Leaves and petioles Food Young leaves and petioles - cooked and eaten like spinach 2,379 687 Breadfruit Fruit Food Ripe Fruit are usually eaten fried or cooked. 1,978 688 Cassava Tuber Food Most cassava contain cianide. The cianide will gone when the tuber is cooked or boil for 15 minutes 1,978 689 Cempedak Fruit Food Ripe Fruit are usually eaten fresh or fried. 1,976 690 Chinese Chives Leaf Food Raw or cooked. A mild flavour, somewhat like a cross between garlic and chives. 2,078 691 Coconut Fruit Food High-grade oil is used for cooking or in the manufacture of margarine, shortening, filled milk, ice-cream and confectioneries. 2,429 692 Durian Fruit Food Fruit is usually eaten fresh but can also be eaten with rice or glutinous rice and coconut milk. It's pulp can be processed into durian flavors. 1,976 693 Green Spinach Whole Food The entire above-ground part of young plants or the tops of older plants are generally consumed after light cooking. 2,035 694 Horse Mango Fruit Food The unripe Fruit made it into pickle and used in dishes to enhance flavour. 1,975 695 Indian Pennywort Leaf Food A slightly bitter flavour, they are used in salads, cooked in curries, soups and stews 2,214 696 Jackfruit Fruit Food Nutritious fruit rich in vitamin A 1,974 697 Kuini Fruit Food Fruits are also used for making chutney and for pickles with salt 2,126 698 Lemongrass Rhizome Food Used in food 1,978 699 Mango Fruit Food Fruit - raw or cooked. One of the most popular Fruit in the world, it is commonly eaten raw, is juiced and can also be prepared in a variety of ways such as in chutneys, jams, pickles 2,101 700 Papaya Leaf Food The leaves contain papain, thus it wraps in meat to make it tender 1,975 701 Chinese Spinach Leaf Food Amaranthus tricolor is used as a cooked leaf vegetable. 2,031 702 Scallion Leaf Food The leaves, whole immature plants (called ‘salad onions’ or ‘spring onions’), or leafy sprouts from germinating bulbs (called ‘cébettes’ in southern France) are used in the same way. 2,093 703 Scallion Leaf Food Leaves still green at bulb harvest are pounded, then used to make sun-dried and fermented balls, which are used later for seasoning dishes. 2,093 704 Tamarind Fruit Food The fruit can be consumed to cure the fever, sore throat as well as be used to cure diarrhea, wound, and hemorrhoids. 1,973 705 Sweet Basil Leaf Food Used to food flavor 1,978 706 Custard Apple Fruit Food Eaten fresh 1,974 707 Sugar-apple Fruit Food Raw. The sweet and creamy Fruit are highly regarded as a dessert fruit 2,157 708 Areca Palm Leaf Food Young leaves, inflorescences and the sweet inner part of the shoots are cooked and eaten as vegetables 2,422 709 Carrot Root Food The roots are consumed raw or cooked, alone or in combination with other vegetables, as an ingredient of soups, dishes (e.g. couscous), sauces, juices and in dietary compositions. 2,208 710 Carrot Seed Food Essential oil extracted from the seed is used for flavouring. 2,208 711 Elephant Foot Yam Leaves and petioles Food Young leaves and petioles - cooked and used as a vegetable 2,380 712 Lamb's-quarters Seed Food The seed can also be sprouted and added to salads. 2,036 713 Cashew Seed Food It can be eat as raw and have alot of nutrition 1,975 714 Kenanga Flower Food The essential oil from the flowers is used by the food industry, especially in peach and apricot flavourings 2,151 715 Bulbous Ceropegia Leaf Food An acid flavour, reminiscent of purslane, the succulent leaves are stewed in curries. 2,341 716 Nettle-leaf Goosefoot Seed Food It can be ground into a powder and mixed with wheat or other cereals and used in making bread. 2,064 717 Khip Whole Food The leaves, young shoots and flowers are used as a flavouring in soups 2,343 718 Caustic-creeper Fruit Food The fruit is reported to be edible. 2,342 719 Wild Leek Bulb Food The bulbils have a mild garlic flavour and make a nice flavouring in salads and cooked foods. 2,094 720 Branching Onion Whole Food The product is mainly used as an additive to preprocessed food such as instant noodles 2,077 721 Purple Amaranth Whole Food The main use of Amaranthus cruentus is as a leaf vegetable (vegetable amaranth) prepared by cooking and consumed as a vegetable dish or as an ingredient in sauces. 2,038 722 Amaranth Leaf Food Amaranthus spinosus leaves and young plants are collected for home consumption as a cooked, steamed or fried vegetable, especially during periods of drought. 2,023 723 Wild Celery Leaf Food Mainly used as a flavouring in soups 2,219 724 Wild Celery Seed Food A flavouring. Used in small quantities to flavour soups and stews 2,219 725 Celery Petiole Food The young petioles are used as flavor and salad vegetable but may also be dried or cooked. 2,182 726 Celery Seed Food The pungent seeds are used to flavor salads, soups, and vegetable and meat dishes. 2,182 727 Onions 'var. cepa' Bulb Food It is grown for its edible, pungent bulbs, which are rich in calcium and riboflavin (vitamin B2). The bulbs can be eaten raw or cooked and they are often used for flavoring. 2,075 728 Coriander Fruit Food Ground coriander Fruit are also an ingredient of spice mixtures like curry powder 2,205 729 Chives Leaf Food The leaves have a mild onion flavour and are an excellent addition to mixed salads, they can also be used as a flavouring in soups. 2,079 730 Chives Flower Food The flowers can be used as a garnish in salads. 2,079 731 Red Tasselflower Shoot Food Young and unflowered leaf is cooked 1,978 732 Potato Onion Bulb Food Shallot (bulb) is used as food, spice and seasoning. 2,074 733 Fennel Seed Food The sprouted seeds can be added to salads. 2,211 734 Parsnip Leaf Food Cooked with other greens as a vegetable or added to soups 2,217 735 Parsnip Seed Food The seed is used as a condiment 2,217 736 Parsley Leaf Food Parsley is frequently used as a garnish or as a flavouring in salads and many cooked dishes, but has too strong a flavour to be eaten in quantity for most palates. 2,216 737 Ambarella (Spondias cytherea) Leaf Food Young steamed leaves are eaten as a vegetable. 2,124 738 Dill Leaf Food Used as a flavouring in salads 2,210 739 Dill Seed Food Its chief uses being perhaps in making dill vinegar and as a flavouring in pickled gherkins 2,210 740 Cherimoya Fruit Food It can also be used in making ice cream, custard, cakes. 2,132 741 Ilama Fruit Food The fruit is used also in jams, jellies and preserves. 2,150 742 Water Dropwort Leaf Food Pot herb 1,978 743 Pistachio Nut Seed Food It is very nice when eaten raw and is also widely used in confectionery, ice cream, cakes, pies. 2,112 744 Atemoya (Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa) Fruit Food Fruit are normally eaten fresh. The pulp can be utilized as a flavouring for ice cream. 2,131 745 Silver Beet 'var. cicla' Leaf Food The midribs of the leaves are eaten boiled like asparagus. 2,010 746 Rakkyo Bulb Food The bulbs of rakkyo are mainly prepared as sweet or sour pickles after being steeped in brine for several days. In West Java they are also used raw and fried, often mixed with other vegetables. 2,080 747 Smooth Pigweed Seed Food Used as a cereal substitute, the seed is usually ground into a flour for use in porridges, bread etc. 2,040 748 Prince's Feather Leaf Food Amaranthus hypochondriacus leaves are occasionally used as a potherb. 2,037 749 Garden Angelica Leaf Food A liquorice-like flavour.They can be used as a flavouring in mixed salads. 2,212 750 Garden Angelica Seed Food Used as a flavouring in liqueurs such as Chartreuse 2,212 751 Wild Angelica Leaves and petioles Food Used as an aromatic addition to salads or cooked and used as a vegetable. 2,218 752 Wild Angelica Seed Food Used as an aromatic flavouring in confections and pastries 2,218 753 Poshte Fruit Food A creamy banana-pineapple like flavour, it is said to be one of the most flavourful and refreshing Fruit in the genus. 2,154 754 Wild Custard Apple Leaf Food The leaves are sometimes used as vegetables 2,159 755 Wild Custard Apple Flower Food Flowers serve as a spice for various meals 2,159 756 Chervil Leaf Food Raw in salads or used as a flavouring in cooked foods such as soups and stews. 2,204 757 Chervil Flower Food The flowers are used as a seasoning. 2,204 758 Celeriac Leaf Food Used as a flavouring in soups. 2,181 759 Celeriac Root Food It can be grated and added to salads, baked or added to soups, stews 2,181 760 Butterfly Milkweed Flower Food Flower buds - cooked. They taste somewhat like peas 2,296 761 Butterfly Milkweed Stem Food Young shoots - cooked. An asparagus substitute 2,296 762 Gardner Saltbush Seed Food The seeds were also grounded into a nutritious flour. 2,018 763 Cohune Palm (Attalea cohune) Fruit Food The main product from the cohune palm is the kernel oil which is similar to or even finer than coconut oil and is used in baking, cooking, illumination and in making margarine and soap. 2,430 764 Spinach Beet Leaf Food The leaves are eaten as pot herb 2,011 765 Cuddapah Almond Seed Food Seeds used as a sweetmeat, rich in oil. 2,100 766 Sodom Apple Leaf Food The leaves have been used as a soup ingredient in sauces 2,338 767 Karanda Fruit Food The fruit is also used to make beverages, curries and tarts 2,301 768 Large Num-num Fruit Food The flavour is sweet to subacid, and Fruit are sometimes astringent 2,304 769 Canihua Leaf Food Cooked and used like spinach. 2,024 770 Canihua Seed Food It can be toasted and ground into a nutty tasting powder that can be used as a breakfast cereal. 2,024 771 Hemlock Leaf Food Although toxic, plants found in the south of England are comparatively harmless and the leaves are used as a pot-herb 2,213 772 Rock Samphire Seed Food They are used to make a warm aromatic pickle. 2,188 773 Rock Samphire Leaf Food Gathered in spring, the young leaves when sprinkled with salt and boiled make a very good pickle. 2,188 774 Mitsuba Leaf Food Seedlings and young leaves can be used in salads. 2,187 775 Cumin Seed Food A hot and aromatic flavour, it is an important ingredient in curries, is used as a seasoning in soups and stews, and is also often used as a flavouring in biscuits, cakes and bread where it also helps in improving the digestion 2,206 776 Asafoetida Leaf Food The plant has a foetid odour, but this disappears when it is boiled.The cabbage-like folded heads are eaten raw as a delicacy. 2,202 777 Asafoetida Root Food A gum-resin from the root is used as a food flavouring 2,202 778 Cow Parsnip Stem Food Used as a green vegetable, when harvested just as they are sprouting from the ground they are somewhat like asparagus in flavour 2,209 779 Ilex Leaf Food The leaves have been used as a tea substitute 2,375 780 Ilex Fruit Food The roasted fruit has been used as a coffee substitute 2,375 781 Erva-mate Leaf Food The young leaves are harvested in a similar manner to tea, then dried, finely ground and packaged 2,374 782 Cabbage-tree Palm Leaf Food The young and tender leaves are eaten like cabbages 2,428 783 Swiss Cheese Plant Fruit Food The fruit is eaten raw, made into jellies and jams, and is also used in ice creams, sherbets, soft drinks 2,378 784 Green Arrow Arum Seed Food Seed - cooked. A slightly sweetish flavour, resembling parched corn. A bread can be made from the dried and powdered seeds, it tastes like corncake with a strong flavour of cocoa. 2,377 785 Green Arrow Arum Root Food The root can be dried and ground into a powder for use when making bread, soups 2,377 786 Anise Seed Food Flavour enhancement in pastries, curry powder and also as gripe water. 1,975 787 Burnet Saxifrage Root Food An essential oil from the roots is used as a flavouring in candy, liqueurs. 2,203 788 Dwarf Saltwort Leaf Food Young leaves and stems can be cooked or pickled 2,032 789 Pepper Tree Fruit Food The dried and roasted berries are used as a pepper substitute. 2,111 790 Hairy-fruited Eggplant Fruit Food 1,978 791 Red Mombin Fruit Food Spicy and subacid, the juicy yellow pulp is said to have a flavour resembling a plum 2,113 792 Belembe Leaf Food The leaves make an excellent spinach so long as they are not overcooked, and are widely seen as a very superior type of spinach 2,425 793 Papaw Fruit Food The fruit can also be used for making preserves, pies, ice cream and other sweet desserts. 2,153 794 Great Angelica Leaves and petioles Food When boiled in two lots of water they form a vegetable that strongly resembles celery. They can be peeled and eaten in salads or blanched and cooked like asparagus 2,184 795 Hemp Dogbane Seed Food It can be ground into a powder and used as a meal. 2,299 796 Cape Water-hawthorn Flower Food The flowers are used as a flavouring 2,346 797 Swamp Milkweed Flower Food The flower clusters can be boiled down to make a sugary syrup 2,339 798 Showy Milkweed Flower Food Raw or cooked.They taste somewhat like peas.They can be used to thicken soups. 2,337 799 Field Eryngo Root Food Used as a vegetable or candied and used as a sweetmeat 2,220 800 Arracacha Root Food The roots are eaten boiled, as an ingredient in soups and stews, as a puree, roasted or fried in slices. 2,207 801 Arracacha Leaf Food The leaves are used in the same way as celery in raw or cooked salads. 2,207 802 Wodier Bark Food The powdered bark is used as a flavouring. 2,114 803 Wodier Bark Food The gum obtained from the trunk is often used in confectionery 2,114 804 Swamp Corkwood Leaf Food 1,978 805 Ajwain Seed Food Sweeter than oil of thyme, it is used as a flavouring 2,201 806 Ajwain Fruit Food The fruit is usually dried, then roasted and ground into a powder before being used as a spice 2,201 807 Finger Root Fruit Food The Fruit are yellow when ripe and have a sweet pulp which is widely eaten. 2,180 808 Jamun Fruit Food Eaten fresh 1,974 809 Kimpul Root Food They can be peeled, then used in stews, custards and pancakes 2,383 810 Kimpul Leaves and petioles Food Young leaves and petioles - chopped, then cooked and eaten as a spinach 2,383 811 Taro Leaf Food Young leaves - cooked. Some varieties of taro are grown for their leaves, which are very nutritious. They are either used to wrap other food that is baked, or are used as spinach. The leaves must be cooked before eating in order to destroy the calcium oxalate crystals. 2,418 812 Ivy Gourd Fruit Food 1,978 813 Swamp Taro Tuber Food The starchy, underground tubers of C. merkusii are edible after thorough cooking. 2,417 814 Node Flower Allmania Leaf Food Cooked and eaten as a vegetable 2,065 815 Sessile Joy Weed Whole Food Alternanthera sessilis are eaten as a cooked vegetable or raw as a salad. 2,071 816 Slender Amaranth Whole Food The main use of Amaranthus blitum is as a cooked leaf vegetable. 2,072 817 False Amaranth Leaves and petioles Food Leaves and young shoots of Digera muricata are locally used as a vegetable. 2,052 818 Parsley Root 'var. tuberosum' Leaf Food Parsley is frequently used as a garnish or as a flavouring in salads and many cooked dishes, but has too strong a flavour to be eaten in quantity for most palates. 2,183 819 Parsley Root 'var. tuberosum' Root Food They can be grated into salads, baked or added to soups. The root is harvested from autumn until new growth commences in the spring. It is hardy enough to be left in the ground during the winter, though can also be harvested in late autumn or early winter and stored in a cool, frost-free place, making sure that it does not dry out. Alternatively, the root can be cut into slices and then dried in a cool oven. The root has a delicious flavour, intermediate between that of celery and parsley but with a nuttier flavour 2,183 820 Sicilian Sumac Fruit Food The immature fruit used as caper substitutes 2,128 821 Terebinth Fruit Food The immature fruit, including the stems, are preserved in vinegar and salt. Known as atsjaar, they are used as a relish to accompany wines served during meals 2,129 822 Field Garlic Leaf Food The young leaves are used as a garlic flavouring in soups and stews, but are inferior to that species. 2,095 823 Wild Garlic Leaf Food The leaves are available from late autumn until the following summer, when used sparingly they make a nice addition to the salad bowl. 2,096 824 Wild Garlic Leaf Food Leaves - raw or cooked.Rather stringy, they are used as a garlic substitute 2,096 825 Wild Garlic Bulb Food Bulbils - raw or cooked. Rather small and fiddly, they have a strong garlic-like flavour 2,096 826 Coconut Fruit Ornamental Coconut palm has also an ornamental value. 2,429 827 Chinese Spinach Leaf Ornamental Forms with bright red and red, yellow and green-coloured leaves are grown throughout the world as ornamentals. 2,031 828 Sugar Beet Leaf Ornamental Forms with strikingly coloured, large leaves are grown as ornamentals. 2,051 829 Purple Amaranth Leaf Ornamental Forms with large bright red inflorescences are widely grown as ornamentals. 2,038 830 Prince's Feather Whole Ornamental Amaranthus hypochondriacus is also grown as an ornamental. 2,037 831 Beetroot Leaf Ornamental Forms with strikingly coloured, large leaves are grown as ornamentals 2,009 832 Eddoe Whole Ornamental Several cultivars are decorative ornamentals. 2,376 833 Oldman Saltbush Whole Ornamental It is recommended for range rehabilitation projects and it is also used as an ornamental shrub in many seaside resorts 2,019 834 Green Amaranth Whole Industrial Ash of Amaranthus viridis plants is rich in soda and is occasionally used to make soap. 2,034 835 Coconut Wood Industrial Coconut wood is also suitable for furniture, household utensils and tool handles. 2,429 836 Jackfruit Wood Industrial Timber 1,974 837 Lemongrass Rhizome Industrial Rhizome part. Lemongrass oil contains 75-85% aldehyde especially citral. Used in soap 1,978 838 Lemongrass Rhizome Industrial Lemongrass oil use in perfume and shampoo 1,978 839 Papaya Fruit Industrial As a cosmetic product to cure blackheads and burnt skin 1,975 840 Avocado Fruit Industrial The fruit has antifungus and antibacteria properties, thus used in cosmetic industry. 1,975 841 Carrot Root Industrial Carotene is extracted from the root and used to colour margarines and is added to hen feed to modify egg-yolk colour. 2,208 842 Sugar Beet Root Industrial Betanins, obtained from the roots, are used industrially as red food colourants, e.g. to improve the colour of tomato paste, sauces, desserts, jams and jellies, ice cream, sweets and breakfast cereals. 2,051 843 Common Sunflower Seed Industrial Processed as a cooking oil 1,975 844 Mediterranean Amaranth Whole Industrial Whole plants of Amaranthus graecizans are used in East and West Africa to manufacture a local salt. 2,063 845 Devil's Tree Whole Industrial This species has been managed as a fuelwood species in Sri Lanka under a short coppice rotation of 6 - 8 years 2,298 846 Amaranth Whole Industrial Amaranthus spinosus is also used as forage and said to increase the yield of milk in cattle. 2,023 847 Amaranth Leaf Industrial The ash of burnt Amaranthus spinosus plants is used as a tenderizer in cooking tough vegetables such as cowpea leaves and pigeon peas 2,023 848 Celery Fruit Industrial Dried ripe fruit yields 2-3% of an essential oil used as a fixative for medicines, perfumes, liqueurs, and cosmetics. 2,182 849 Campnosperma Wood Whole Industrial The timber is soft, lightweight and used for veneer, coffins, boxes, drawing boards and as siding and sheathing, shelving, furniture, turnery and moulding. 2,099 850 Coriander Fruit Industrial The essential oil from the Fruit is used in the flavour industry, for various basic and luxury foods, to some extent in medicine too, and in cosmetic perfumery. 2,205 851 Ambarella (Spondias cytherea) Stem Industrial The wood is light-brown and buoyant, useless as timber, sometimes used for canoes. 2,124 852 Yellow Mombin Root Industrial Ashes from the roots have been used in making soap 2,123 853 Livid Amaranth Whole Industrial Yellow and green dyes can be obtained from the whole plant. 2,053 854 Livid Amaranth Whole Industrial The ash of the plants is rich in potash and is occasionally used to make soap. 2,053 855 Valangur Whole Industrial The young foliage is eaten fresh or boiled as a green, and as a flavouring for meat and fish. Most of the foliage is still collected from wild trees, but the tree is also occasionally grown as a hedge plant near dwellings. 2,419 856 Atemoya (Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa) Fruit Industrial The green fruit and seed have effective vermicidal and insecticidal properties. 2,131 857 Atemoya (Annona atemoya) Seed Industrial The plants can be used as rootstocks for cultivars of this species and for other Annona species. 2,130 858 Atemoya (Annona atemoya) Fruit Industrial The green fruit and seed have vermicidal and insecticidal properties 2,130 859 Wild Custard Apple Bark Industrial Insecticide and tannin can be obtained from the bark 2,159 860 Gardner Saltbush Root Industrial They infused the dried root and flower petals then used the soapy concoction to clean their skin. 2,018 861 Gardner Saltbush Flower Industrial They infused the dried root and flower petals then used the soapy concoction to clean their skin. 2,018 862 Cohune Palm (Attalea cohune) Leaf Industrial Leaves are used for thatching, building houses and temporary shelters and for making hats, umbrellas, ties and fans. 2,430 863 Bahia Piassava Palm Seed Industrial A good oil is produced from the seed. 2,423 864 Bahia Piassava Palm Leaf Industrial This palm is widely used locally for its high quality, stiff fibres which are used in making ropes, mats, and brushes 2,423 865 Bahia Piassava Palm Fruit Industrial The Fruit have been used to make a good quality charcoal 2,423 866 Beetroot Root Industrial Betanins, obtained from the roots, are used industrially as red food colourants, e.g. to improve the colour of tomato paste. 2,009 867 Cuddapah Almond Bark Industrial The wood is only used as firewood. 2,100 868 Mexican Tea Seed Industrial In Africa Congo-Brazzaville, wormseed is traditionally used to protect groundnut from insect pests; it showed effective control of the beetle Caryedon serratus 2,049 869 Canihua Whole Industrial Gold/green dyes can be obtained from the whole plant. 2,024 870 American Oil Palm Fruit Industrial Fruit contain an oil, with a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, used for lighting, soap manufacture, and as a machine lubricant. 2,421 871 American Oil Palm Seed Industrial The seed fat is edible and is used for hair treatments. 2,421 872 Black Saxaul Wood Industrial It is utilized for firewood and charcoal. 2,016 873 Malabar Nut Whole Industrial To protect agricultural produce in storage from insect infestation. 1,981 874 Cabbage-tree Palm Leaf Industrial The leaves are used for thatching and making hats 2,428 875 Buriti Palm Leaf Industrial The leaves are used for covering roofs 2,427 876 Buriti Palm Leaf Industrial Used to make fishing nets, ropes, hammocks, belts, hats, mats, and baskets 2,427 877 Buriti Palm Seed Industrial The hard seeds are made into buttons and other small objects 2,427 878 Swiss Cheese Plant Root Industrial The roots are also used to make strong baskets. 2,378 879 Anise Seed Industrial The oil from the seed enhance flavour in food. the oil also can be used in cosmetic industries, in perfumes and detergents and pharmaceutical industries 1,975 880 Sobu Bark Industrial The fibrous bark is used for matting, basketry, cordage and hut walls. 2,155 881 Chaulmoogra Oil Tree Whole Industrial Cosmetic and or dermatological application may be possible. 1,984 882 Chaulmoogra Seed Industrial Seeds yield a yellow oil used for burning lamps. 1,983 883 Chaulmoogra Stem Industrial Wood used for building purposes and packing cases.The wood is used as a fuel. 1,983 884 Bataua Seed Industrial The ripe mesocarp of the fruit yields a nutritious, oily beverage, from which an oil similar to olive oil is obtained and which also has medicinal value. The drink is milk-like and an important source of protein and energy. The oil can be used for food, soap and cosmetics. The milky residue from oil extraction (called "yacuta") is consumed as a beverage. The seed is edible and the "cabbage" of the palm is an excellent vegetable. 2,424 885 Bataua Leaf Industrial The leaves are used for thatching and for weaving e.g. baskets. 2,424 886 Thabut Tree Stem Industrial The wood is a straw yellow colour, with an exceedingly hard, bony grain; it is very tough, very strong, and yet pliable. This combination of exceptional strength, toughness, and elasticity in a wood which is also very light in weight, gives it a value that is unique. 2,158 887 Lanete Whole Industrial An indigo-yielding glucoside, used to dye clothes, can be obtained from the seeds, roots and leaves 2,303 888 Lanete Wood Industrial The wood is light, soft and fine-textured. It is very suitable for carving and turnery, and is also used for general construction, pencils, wooden shoes and packaging 2,303 889 Marula Extract (oil) Industrial The oil is also used for cooking and skin care. 2,097 890 Swamp Taro Petiole Industrial The fibrous outer layer of the petiole can be peeled off and used in fine grades of mat weaving. 2,417 891 Prickly Chaff Flower Leaf Industrial The leaves are burnt in order to make a vegetable salt. 2,066 892 Prickly Chaff Flower Whole Industrial The ash from the burnt plant, often mixed with mustard oil and a pinch of salt, is used as a tooth powder for cleaning teeth.It is believed to relieve pyorrhoea and toothache. 2,066 893 Spiny Amaranth Whole Industrial Yellow and green dyes can be obtained from the whole plant. 2,073 894 Spiny Amaranth Whole Industrial A red pigment obtained from the plant (the report does not specify which part of the plant) is used as a colouring in foods and medicines. 2,073 895 Sugarbeet Root Industrial The root contains sucrose used as all-round food sweetener (sugar). Used in the production of yeast, industrial alcohol, alcoholic beverages, ethanol, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. 2,013 896 Ambarella (Spondias dulcis) Whole Medicinal Parts of the plant are made into a fermented drink which is used as a remedy for diarrhoea 2,098 897 Ambarella (Spondias dulcis) Shoot Medicinal The shoots of the plant are used to treat haemorrhaging after childbirth 2,098 898 Ambarella (Spondias dulcis) Bark Medicinal The inner bark is used to treat coughs, fever and stomach aches. 2,098 899 Green Amaranth Leaf Medicinal The leaves are diuretic and purgative, and are used in poultices (fresh or as dried powder) to treat inflammations, boils and abscesses, gonorrhoea, orchitis and haemorrhoids. 2,034 900 Belimbing Buluh Leaf Medicinal An infusion of young leaves can be consumed to reduce high blood pressure. 1,973 901 Belimbing Buluh Root Medicinal An infusion of root can be consumed to reduce high blood pressure. 1,973 902 Gandarusa Whole Medicinal Used in the treatment of chronic rheumatism. 1,982 903 Gandarusa Leaf Medicinal To treat gonorrhoea, amenorrhoea and malaria 1,982 904 Gandarusa Root Medicinal Used for treating rheumatism, thrush, fevers, cough, dysuria, diarrhoea, jaundice and as antivenin 1,982 905 Gandarusa Bark Medicinal Used in the treatment of wounds and allergies 1,982 906 Soursop Leaf Medicinal The ashes of the burned leaves mixed with a little amount of oil cooking used as treatment to reduce itchy and rashes skin due to the allergic. 1,973 907 Soursop Root Medicinal The crushed roots are used to treat coughing. 1,973 908 Taro (Cocoyam) Leaf Medicinal A decoction, together with some parts of other plants, is taken to relieve stomach problems and to treat cyst 2,382 909 Taro (Cocoyam) Leaf Food Some varieties of taro are grown for their leaves, which are very nutritious 2,382 910 Taro (Cocoyam) Stem Food Peeled, cut into pieces and boiled in stews, they taste and look a little like celery 2,382 911 Coconut Root Medicinal The roots are considered anti-pyretic and diuretic. Its decoctions are used against venereal diseases in Malay Peninsula while an infusion is used in Indonesia to treat dysentery. 2,429 912 Maize Whole Medicinal To cure and all abdomen pain(urination problem,stomach ache) 1,975 913 Horse Mango Leaf Medicinal The boiled water of the leaves cure gum bleeding. 1,975 914 Indian Pennywort Whole Medicinal The whole plant is alterative, cardio-depressant, hypotensive, weakly sedative and tonic. It is a rejuvenating diuretic herb that clears toxins, reduces inflammations and fevers, improves healing and immunity, improves the memory and has a balancing effect on the nervous system. 2,214 915 Kuini Bark Medicinal In folk medicine, the bark is recommended for external application in hystero-epilepsy, in the form of a compound like a cosmetic mixture. 2,126 916 Lemongrass Rhizome Medicinal Citral changed into Ionon for Vitamin A synthesis. 1,978 917 Lemongrass Leaf Medicinal Crushed and place on forehead to heal headaches and jointaches 1,978 918 Lemongrass Rhizome Medicinal Mixed with water to help indigestion and heal stomaches. 1,978 919 Lemongrass Leaf Medicinal Mix in bath for mothers who gave birth. 1,978 920 Mango Seed Medicinal It is used to treat stubborn colds and coughs, obstinate diarrhoea and bleeding piles 2,101 921 Mango Bark Medicinal Used in the treatment of haemorrhage, diarrhoea and throat problems 2,101 922 Mango Stem Medicinal It is used to treat diarrhoea and to remedy stomach-ache 2,101 923 Papaya Leaf Medicinal To treat asthma 1,975 924 Papaya Seed Medicinal To treat Malaria and Cancer 1,975 925 Papaya Shoot Medicinal To reduce blood pressure 1,975 926 Chinese Spinach Whole Medicinal Medicinally Amaranthus tricolor is used externally to treat inflammations, and internally as a diuretic. 2,031 927 Scallion Bulb Medicinal In traditional medicine onion is used externally to treat boils, felons, wounds and stings, and internally to relieve coughs, bronchitis, asthma, gastro-intestinal disorders and headache. 2,093 928 Tamarind Seed Medicinal It's mentioned that the crushed tamarind seed with young galangal can be used as herbal remedies for dermatophyte infections. 1,973 929 Sweet Basil Leaf Medicinal Leaf juice and flower used as cough medicine. 1,978 930 Sweet Basil Leaf Medicinal Had mild narcotics and always used by women that just gave birth 1,978 931 Sweet Basil Seed Medicinal The seeds will extract jelly with the properties of diuratic, stimulants and diaphoretic. Used in India to heal intestinal bowel disease and kidney disease 1,978 932 Avocado Leaf Medicinal It reduces blood pressure, reduce cholesterol level 1,975 933 Indian-gooseberry Leaf Medicinal The leaves and Fruit can be consumed to reduce diabetes, diarrhea, jaundice, and coughing. 1,973 934 Indian-gooseberry Fruit Medicinal The leaves and Fruit can be consumed to reduce diabetes, diarrhea, jaundice, and coughing. 1,973 935 Sugar-apple Whole Medicinal They are all strongly astringent and are used to treat diarrhoea and dysentery. 2,157 936 Areca Palm Seed Medicinal The seed is used against anaemia, fits, leucoderma, leprosy, obesity and worms. 2,422 937 Pomegranate Root Medicinal The epidermal layer of roots are used to cure diarrhea and nauseous. 1,973 938 Pomegranate Fruit Medicinal The peel of the Fruit and roots used as infusion to cure from Taenia infection and tape worm. 1,973 939 Pomegranate Fruit Medicinal The crushed sepal of fruit can be drink to cure the poisonous ingredient such as poisonous mushroom and toxic chemical. 1,973 940 Pomegranate Seed Medicinal The infusion of crushed seed can be consumed to reduced the kidney stones. 1,973 941 Common Sunflower Root Medicinal To cure diabetes. 1,975 942 Common Sunflower Leaf Medicinal To treat Malaria fever 1,975 943 Elephant Foot Yam Root Medicinal It is dried and used in the treatment of piles and dysentery 2,380 944 Elephant Foot Yam Stem Medicinal The stem is cut, and the inside of the stem eaten raw, in the treatment of snakebites 2,380 945 Lamb's-quarters Leaf Medicinal The leaves will act as a carminative to prevent wind and bloating. 2,036 946 Lamb's-quarters Seed Medicinal The seeds are chewed in the treatment of urinary problems and are considered useful for relieving the discharge of semen through the urine. 2,036 947 Cashew Leaf Medicinal The leaves immersed in boiling water. It cures high blood pressure and diabetes 1,975 948 Cashew Stem Medicinal To cure diarrehea and diabetes 1,975 949 Shadscale Whole Medicinal The plant has been burnt and the smoke inhaled as a treatment for epilepsy. 2,022 950 Shadscale Leaf Medicinal The boiled leaves have been used as a liniment for sore muscles and aches. 2,022 951 Shadscale Leaf Medicinal A poultice of the mashed leaves have been applied to the chest and a decoction of the leaves drunk to treat colds. 2,022 952 Kenanga Flower Medicinal The dried flowers are used in the treatment of malaria and the fresh flowers are made into a paste for treating asthma 2,151 953 Kenanga Leaf Medicinal The leaves are used in a treatment for diarrhoea in infants 2,151 954 Kenanga Seed Medicinal The seed has been used externally to cure intermittent fever 2,151 955 Mediterranean Amaranth Leaf Medicinal The leaves are chewed and the liquid swallowed to treat tonsillitis. In Senegal, the leaves are used as an anthelmintic. 2,063 956 Bulbous Ceropegia Tuber Medicinal The tubers are considered to be digestive and tonic 2,341 957 Khip Seed Medicinal A macerate of the seeds is used as an eye-lotion 2,343 958 Pentatropis nivalis Root Medicinal A decoction of the dried roots is taken as a purgative, astringent and cooling tonic, and also to treat venereal diseases. 2,344 959 Periploca aphylla Leaf Medicinal Crushed leaves, together with several other plants, are applied to snakebites. A leaf decoction is drunk to treat diarrhoea, intestinal worms and insanity. 2,345 960 Periploca aphylla Root Medicinal A root bark infusion or decoction is drunk or applied as enema to treat tapeworm and other intestinal worms. It is also taken to treat stomach-ache. Roots cooked in soup are eaten to treat fever, malaria, chest complaints, including cough and pneumonia, female infertility and venereal diseases. The juice of the roots in banana beer is taken to treat rectal prolapse. Root powder and latex is externally applied to haemorrhoids. 2,345 961 Caustic-creeper Stem Medicinal A decoction of the stems and the latex is also given to cows as a galactogogue. An infusion of the stems is given to dogs to expel worms and to chickens to treat gastro-intestinal problems 2,342 962 Wild Leek Bulb Medicinal The bulb is said to be anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator. 2,094 963 Branching Onion Whole Medicinal It is used to improve the functioning of internal organs and the metabolism, for the prevention of cardiovascular disorders, and to prolong life. It is further reported to improve eyesight, and to enhance recovery from common colds, headaches, wounds and festering sores. 2,077 964 Devil's Tree Bark Medicinal The bark is a bitter, astringent, alterative herb that lowers fevers, relaxes spasms, stimulates lactation and expels intestinal worms 2,298 965 Devil's Tree Leaf Medicinal A poultice made from the leaves has been reported as a good remedy against skin diseases 2,298 966 Purple Amaranth Whole Medicinal Vegetable amaranths are recommended as a good food with medicinal properties for young children, lactating mothers and for patients with constipation, fever, haemorrhage, anaemia or kidney complaints. 2,038 967 Amaranth Leaf Medicinal The bruised leaves are considered a good emollient and applied externally in cases of eczema, burns, wounds, boils, earache and haemorroids. 2,023 968 Wild Celery Whole Medicinal Wild celery has a long history of medicinal and food use. it is an aromatic bitter tonic herb that reduces blood pressure, relieves indigestion, stimulates the uterus and is anti-inflammatory 2,219 969 Wild Celery Seed Medicinal An essential oil obtained from the plant has a calming effect on the central nervous system. Some of its constituents have antispasmodic, sedative and anticonvulsant actions. It has been shown to be of value in treating high blood pressure 2,219 970 Asystasia Root Medicinal Used in treating stomach-ache and snakebite. 1,977 971 Asystasia Leaf Medicinal Used as analgesic and to treat epilepsy and urethral discharge.Used to treat asthma as well. 1,977 972 Asystasia Flower Medicinal Used as an intestinal astringent. 1,977 973 Madagascar Periwinkle Root Medicinal The dried root is an industrial source of ajmalicine, which increases the blood flow in the brain and peripheral parts of the body. Preparations of ajmalicine are used to treat the psychological and behavioural problems of senility, sensory problems (dizziness, tinnitus), cranial traumas and their neurological complications 2,340 974 Madagascar Periwinkle Leaf Medicinal The leaves and aerial parts of the plant have a wide range of traditional uses. Well known as an oral hypoglycaemic agent, the plant is also considered to be depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, purgative and vermifuge. A decoction is taken to treat hypertension, asthma, menstrual irregularities, chronic constipation, diarrhoea, indigestion, dyspepsis, malaria, dengue fever, diabetes, cancer and skin diseases 2,340 975 Madagascar Periwinkle Root Medicinal A decoction of the roots is taken to treat dysmenorrhoea 2,340 976 Celosia Whole Medicinal The whole plant is used as an antidote for snakebites and the roots to treat colic, gonorrhoea and eczema. 2,030 977 Celosia Seed Medicinal The seeds are used as medicine for diarrhoea, and in Ethiopia the flowers to treat dysentery and muscle troubles. 2,030 978 Celosia Leaf Medicinal The leaves are used as medicine in the treatment of infected sores, wounds and skin eruptions. 2,030 979 Coriander Fruit Medicinal The Fruit are reported to have carminative, diuretic, tonic, stomachic, antibilious, refrigerant, anticatarrhal, antispasmodic, galactagogue, emmenagogue and aphrodisiac effects. 2,205 980 Chinese Gooseberry Whole Medicinal Used in the treatment of stones in the urinary tract,rheumatoid arthralgia, cancers of the liver and oesophagus 1,985 981 Chinese Gooseberry Leaf Medicinal A decoction of the leaves is used to treat mange in dogs. 1,985 982 Chinese Gooseberry Stem Medicinal The stem-juice is used in the treatment of gravel. 1,985 983 Red Tasselflower Leaf Medicinal Leaf is crush and and applied at the small swollen at skin, boiled with water from medicine for fever, cough and phthisis. Root used for the medicine of diarrhea. In Java Island, the leaf juice is dripped to hurt eye and ear. 1,978 984 Potato Onion Bulb Medicinal Shallot also has medicinal properties. Traditionally it is used to reduce fever and to cure wounds. 2,074 985 Fennel Seed Medicinal An infusion of the seeds is a safe and effective cure for wind in babies 2,211 986 Fennel Root Medicinal An infusion of the root is used to treat urinary disorders 2,211 987 Common Oleander Whole Medicinal Oleander is a very poisonous plant, containing a powerful cardiac toxin and should only be used with extreme caution. 2,297 988 Common Oleander Root Medicinal The root is powerfully resolvent. Because of its poisonous nature it is only used externally. It is beaten into a paste with water and applied to chancres and ulcers on the penis 2,297 989 Parsnip Root Medicinal A tea made from the roots has been used in the treatment of women's complaints. A poultice of the roots has been applied to inflammations and sores.The root contains xanthotoxin, which is used in the treatment of psoriasis and vitiligo. 2,217 990 Parsley Leaf Medicinal A poultice of the leaves has been applied externally to soothe bites and stings 2,216 991 Parsley Whole Medicinal Parsley is antidandruff, antispasmodic, aperient, carminative, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, galactofuge, kidney, stomachic and tonic 2,216 992 Yellow Mombin Bark Medicinal The bark is used in a remedy for gonorrhoea, to treat diarrhoea, coughs and colds, haemorrhages. stomach-aches and to alleviate fatigue 2,123 993 Yellow Mombin Leaf Medicinal Leaf decoctions are used to treat diarrhoea, dysentery, colds, fevers and gonorrhoea. 2,123 994 Yellow Mombin Flower Medicinal The flowers are cardiac and stomachic.A decoction is used in the treatment of laryngitis, ophthalmia and children's diarrhoea. 2,123 995 Ginger Whole Medicinal Tt can cure sprained muscles 1,975 996 Love-Lies-Bleeding Root Medicinal The root is used as a laxative, and the seed for expelling tapeworms and for treating eye diseases, amoebic dysentery, and breast complaints. 2,062 997 Spleen Amaranth Whole Medicinal Amaranth leaves in general are recommended as a good food with medicinal properties for young children, lactating mothers and for patients with fever, haemorrhage, anaemia, constipation or kidney complaints. 2,041 998 Livid Amaranth Whole Medicinal The plant is emollient and vermifuge.A decoction of the entire plant is used to stop dysentery and inflammations, and also to purify the blood 2,053 999 Livid Amaranth Root Medicinal The root juice is used to treat inflammation during urination.It is also taken to treat constipation.The pounded root is applied against dysentery 2,053 1,000 Dill Seed Medicinal The seeds are a common and very effective household remedy for a wide range of digestive problems. 2,210 1,001 Cherimoya Seed Medicinal Rural people toast, peel and pulverize 1 or 2 seeds and take the powder with water or milk as a potent emetic and cathartic. Mixed with grease, the powder is applied on parasitic skin disorders. 2,132 1,002 Soncoya Fruit Medicinal The juice of the fruit is regarded as a remedy for fever, chills and jaundice.Its use in the treatment of jaundice is most likely to be based on its colour rather than its efficacy 2,156 1,003 Pistachio Nut Whole Medicinal The plant is used in China for the treatment of abdominal ailments, abscesses, amenorrhoea, bruises, chest ailments, circulation, dysentery, gynecopathy, pruritus, rheumatism, sclerosis of the liver, sores and trauma 2,112 1,004 Holy Mangrove Leaf Medicinal Used to treat rheumatism,neuralgia and poison arrow wounds. 1,980 1,005 Acanthus Leaf Medicinal 1,979 1,006 Acanthus Root Medicinal 1,979 1,007 Rakkyo Bulb Medicinal Medicinally, the bulbs are of interest in the prevention of thrombosis. They are used for the treatment of heart failures in Chinese medicine. Rakkyo is also used against fever, stomach-ache and eye infections. 2,080 1,008 Wood Garlic Bulb Medicinal Ramsons ease stomach pain and are tonic to the digestion, so they can be used in the treatment of diarrhoea, colic, wind, indigestion and loss of appetite. 2,076 1,009 Wood Garlic Whole Medicinal The whole herb can be used in an infusion against threadworms, either ingested or given as an enema. The herb is also beneficial in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and emphysema 2,076 1,010 Smooth Pigweed Leaf Medicinal A tea made from the leaves is astringent.It is used in the treatment of intestinal bleeding, diarrhoea, excessive menstruation. 2,040 1,011 Garden Angelica Fruit Medicinal Angelica archangelica fruit for fevers and colds, infection of the urinary tract, dyspeptic complaints and loss of appetite. 2,212 1,012 Wild Angelica Root Medicinal The root and the seeds are antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, stimulant, stomachic, and tonic 2,218 1,013 Mountain Soursop Leaf Medicinal A decoction of the leaves is drunk in the evening before retiring for its calming effect on the nerves and sedative effect which promotes sleep.The leaves are also used to treat fever and headache. 2,152 1,014 Butterfly Milkweed Root Medicinal Pleurisy root is a bitter, nutty-flavoured tonic herb that increases perspiration, relieves spasms and acts as an expectorant 2,296 1,015 Adquiere Root Medicinal A decoction of the root is used to treat furunculosis and syphilis 2,420 1,016 Adquiere Fruit Medicinal The pulp of the fruit is used to treat coughs and as a breath freshener 2,420 1,017 Gardner Saltbush Leaf Medicinal The Paiute boiled the leaves and used the mixture as treatment for aches and sore muscles. 2,018 1,018 Garden Orach Leaf Medicinal The leaves are said to be efficacious when used externally in the treatment of gout. 2,033 1,019 Garden Orach Seed Medicinal The seeds, mixed with wine, are said to cure yellow jaundice. 2,033 1,020 Quail Bush Leaf Medicinal The fresh leaves can be chewed, or the dried leaves smoked, in the treatment of head colds. 2,020 1,021 Quail Bush Whole Medicinal The crushed flowers, stems and leaves can be steamed and inhaled to treat nasal congestion. 2,020 1,022 Quail Bush Root Medicinal A poultice of the powdered roots has been applied to sores. 2,020 1,023 Beetroot Root Medicinal Roots and leaves are used medicinally against infections and tumours, and garden beet juice is a popular health food. 2,009 1,024 Cuddapah Almond Bark Medicinal The bark is used in tanning; its gum is used against leprosy in traditional medicine 2,100 1,025 Sodom Apple Leaf Medicinal The leaves are used for the treatment of asthma 2,338 1,026 Sodom Apple Flower Medicinal It is used in the treatment of asthma and catarrh 2,338 1,027 Karanda Fruit Medicinal The Fruit are astringent, antiscorbutic and also used as a remedy for biliousness 2,301 1,028 Karanda Leaf Medicinal A leaf decoction is used against fever, diarrhoea, and earache 2,301 1,029 Karanda Root Medicinal The roots serve as a stomachic, vermifuge and remedy for itches 2,301 1,030 Mexican Tea Seed Medicinal Wormseed is also commonly used externally to treat ulcers, eczema and erysipelas. 2,049 1,031 Mexican Tea Leaf Medicinal Crushed leaves are widely applied as poultices on bruises, insect bites and ulcers. 2,049 1,032 Perennial Goosefoot Seed Medicinal The seed is a gentle laxative that is suitable for children. 2,050 1,033 Perennial Goosefoot Leaf Medicinal A poultice of the leaves has been used to cleanse and heal chronic sores, boils and abscesses. 2,050 1,034 Eddoe Whole Medicinal The corms are used to treat stomach-ache, diarrhoea, and as a poultice on sores and skin diseases. Chopped, tied in a cloth and heated the corms are used to treat rheumatism. The corm juice is used in cases of baldness, piles, as a laxative, and as an antidote to insect stings. 2,376 1,035 Eddoe Leaves and petioles Medicinal Leaves are applied to burns, and are eaten to treat sore throat, dysentery and stomach-ache. The juice from the petioles is considered styptic and used to arrest arterial haemorrhage, and also to treat earache, inflamed glands, boils and as an external stimulant and rubefacient. The leaves are used for wrapping up a bolus of mustard-seed and garlic to be used as a prophylactic after childbirth. 2,376 1,036 Hemlock Whole Medicinal The whole plant is analgesic, antispasmodic, emetic, galactofuge and sedative. 2,213 1,037 Rock Samphire Whole Medicinal Rock samphire is little used in herbal medicine, though it is a good diuretic and holds out potential as a treatment for obesity. 2,188 1,038 Mitsuba Whole Medicinal Used in the treatment of haemorrhages, colds, fevers. 2,187 1,039 Cumin Seed Medicinal It has been used in the treatment of minor digestive complaints, chest conditions and coughs, as a pain killer and to treat rotten teeth. 2,206 1,040 Asafoetida Whole Medicinal Asafoetida is a very effective medicinal herb that acts mainly on the digestive system, cleansing and strengthening the gastro-intestinal tract. 2,202 1,041 Asafoetida Root Medicinal The pungently flavoured gum-resin that is obtained from the root is alterative, anthelmintic, antiperiodic, antispasmodic, carminative, deobstruent, deodorant, expectorant, laxative, sedative and stomachic. 2,202 1,042 Cow Parsnip Root Medicinal The roots and the leaves are aphrodisiac, digestive, mildly expectorant and sedative 2,209 1,043 Ilex Leaf Medicinal They are used in the treatment of intermittent fevers, rheumatism, catarrh, pleurisy 2,375 1,044 Erva-mate Leaf Medicinal The mineral rich leaves contain xanthine derivatives, including about 1.5% caffeine plus theobromine and theophylline, and up to 16% tannins.They are stimulant, diuretic, antirheumatic.They are said to have the power to increase intellectual lucidity and vigour. The leaves are used internally in the treatment of headaches, migraine, neuralgic and rheumatic pain, fatigue and mild depression.They have also been used in the treatment of diabetes.The leaves are harvested when the berries are ripe, they are heated over a wood fire, ground into a powder then stored in sacks for 12 months before being used. 2,374 1,045 Lesser Duckweed Whole Medicinal The whole plant is alterative, antipruritic, antiscorbutic, astringent, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge and soporific 2,381 1,046 Lovage Root Medicinal Externally, the root is used in the treatment of sore throats and aphthous ulcers 2,215 1,047 Lovage Leaf Medicinal The leaves, either eaten in salads or dried and infused as a tea, have been used as an emmenagogue. 2,215 1,048 Lovage Seed Medicinal The essential oil from the seeds is used by aromatherapists to remove freckles and spots from the face 2,215 1,049 Buriti Palm Seed Medicinal The oil from the seed is high in vitamin A and is frequently used to treat burns, because of its soothing qualities and its ability to promote the formation of scar tissue 2,427 1,050 Buriti Palm Leaf Medicinal The leaves are used in baths as an emollient. 2,427 1,051 Anise Seed Medicinal The oil from the seed used for aromatherapy mainly to release pain from the body. 1,975 1,052 Burnet Saxifrage Root Medicinal The root is anti-inflammatory, mildly astringent and expectorant. 2,203 1,053 Mastic Tree Whole Medicinal It is little used in modern herbalism though it could be employed as an expectorant for bronchial troubles and coughs and as a treatment for diarrhoea. 2,102 1,054 Sanicle Wood Medicinal Wood sanicle used to be widely used as a herbal remedy and has a long-standing reputation for healing wounds and treating internal bleeding. 2,189 1,055 Sanicle Whole Medicinal It is also taken internally in the treatment of bleeding in the stomach and intestines, the coughing up of blood, nosebleeds, chest and lung complaints, dysentery, diarrhoea 2,189 1,056 Pepper Tree Bark Medicinal A resinous gum obtained from the bark has been used in folk medicine to treat digestive disorders. 2,111 1,057 Hairy-fruited Eggplant Seed Medicinal Used for toothache remedy 1,978 1,058 Hairy-fruited Eggplant Root Medicinal Used for fever. Mix with medicine for heal wound, itchiness and body aches. 1,978 1,059 Red Mombin Leaf Medicinal The leaves exhibit anti-bacterial properties.The leaf juice is taken orally in the treatment of swollen glands and trauma.The crushed leaves are applied as a poultice to treat headaches. 2,113 1,060 Red Mombin Fruit Medicinal In large amounts the fruit is laxative and is used as a treatment for constipation. 2,113 1,061 Lesser Periwinkle Whole Medicinal It contains the alkaloid 'vincamine', which is used by the pharmaceutical industry as a cerebral stimulant and vasodilator 2,305 1,062 Lesser Periwinkle Root Medicinal The root is antispasmodic and hypotensive. It is used to lower the blood pressure. The root is gathered in the autumn and dried for later use 2,305 1,063 Lesser Periwinkle Leaf Medicinal A homeopathic remedy is made from the fresh leaves. It is used in the treatment of haemorrhages 2,305 1,064 Common Waterplantain Leaf Medicinal They are used in the treatment of cystitis, dysentery, renal calculus, gravel etc. 1,992 1,065 Common Waterplantain Stem Medicinal Dried stem bases eaten, or grated and taken with water in treating digestive disorders such as heartburn, cramps and stomach flu. 1,992 1,066 Common Waterplantain Seed Medicinal The powdered seed is an astringent, used in cases of bleeding. 1,992 1,067 Common Waterplantain Root Medicinal It is said to lower blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels whilst it also has an antibacterial action on Staphylococcus, Pneumococci and Mycobacterium. The root is used in the treatment of oliguria, oedema, nephritis, acute diarrhoea, cholesterolaemia and fatty liver. It has been thought of as a cure for rabies, though this has not been substantiated. 1,992 1,068 Common Waterplantain Whole Medicinal The whole plant is believed to promote conception. 1,992 1,069 Great Angelica Leaf Medicinal A tea made from the leaves is carminative and stomachic. It is also used in the treatment of colds, rheumatism. 2,184 1,070 Great Angelica Root Medicinal An infusion has been used in the treatment of fevers, colds, flatulent colic and other stomach disorders, obstructed menses and as a general tonic for women. 2,184 1,071 Hemp Dogbane Whole Medicinal Indian hemp is an unpleasantly bitter stimulant irritant herb that acts on the heart, respiratory and urinary systems, and also on the uterus 2,299 1,072 Hemp Dogbane Root Medicinal A weak tea made from the dried root has been used for cardiac diseases 2,299 1,073 Cape Water-hawthorn Stem Medicinal The stems with their high juice content make soothing treatments for burns and scrapes and take the pain out of sunburn, if the juice is applied every hour until the redness fades 2,346 1,074 Swamp Milkweed Root Medicinal A tea made from the roots is anthelmintic, carminative, diuretic, emetic, strongly laxative and stomachic. The tea is said to remove tapeworms from the body in one hour. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma, rheumatism, syphilis, worms and as a heart tonic. An infusion of the roots is used as a strengthening bath for children and adults 2,339 1,075 Showy Milkweed Whole Medicinal A decoction of the plant tops can be strained and used to treat blindness and snow-blindness 2,337 1,076 Showy Milkweed Root Medicinal The root is either chewed when fresh, or dried, ground into a powder then boiled, and used in the treatment of stomach ache. A decoction of the roots has been used in small doses to treat venereal diseases and also to treat coughs, especially from TB. A poultice of the mashed roots has been applied to rheumatic joints. Some caution should be employed when using the root since there is a report that it can be poisonous in large quantities 2,337 1,077 Field Eryngo Root Medicinal The root promotes free expectoration and is very useful in the treatment of debility attendant on coughs of chronic standing in the advanced stages of pulmonary consumption 2,220 1,078 Fourwing Saltbush Leaf Medicinal The leaves can be made into a soapy lather and used as a wash on itches and rashes such as chickenpox. 2,017 1,079 Fourwing Saltbush Leaf Medicinal A poultice of the crushed leaves can be applied to ant bites to reduce the pain and swelling. 2,017 1,080 Sea Orach Shoot Medicinal The shoots are burnt to produce an antacid powder 2,021 1,081 Mahua 'var. latifolia' Bark Medicinal Used in rheumatism, ulcers, bleedings and tonsillitis. 2,002 1,082 Sobu Bark Medicinal Bark decoctions are taken to treat stomach-ache, diarrhoea, tuberculosis, bronchitis and hepatitis. Bark pulp is applied against swellings, oedema and whitlow, and bark sap is dropped into the nose to treat headache and rubbed in to treat rickets in children. 2,155 1,083 Chaulmoogra Oil Tree Seed Medicinal Use in the treatment of leprosy 1,984 1,084 Chaulmoogra Oil Tree Bark Medicinal A decoction of the bark is drunk as a general tonic to improve health and in the treatment of internal disorders and skin diseases 1,984 1,085 Chaulmoogra Oil Tree Root Medicinal Used by Thai traditional doctors in the treatment of skin diseases 1,984 1,086 Chaulmoogra Seed Medicinal Used as local application is rheumatism, sprains, braises, sciatica and chest affections. 1,983 1,087 Indian Snakeroot Leaf Medicinal The juice of the leaves is used to remove opacities of the cornea of the eyes and also to treat wounds and itches 2,300 1,088 Indian Snakeroot Root Medicinal They are used particularly in the treatment of hypertension, where they are said to cause a lowering of the blood pressure without dangerous side effects 2,300 1,089 Morvola Nut Root Medicinal The root is pounded up with water, and the water is drunk in the treatment of schistosomiasis. 2,110 1,090 Morvola Nut Whole Medicinal The bark, especially of the roots, but also of the trunk, is used as a remedy for snake-bites. 2,110 1,091 Morvola Nut Leaf Medicinal The leaves are chewed as a treatment for coughs 2,110 1,092 Swamp Corkwood Leaf Medicinal Boiled water from leaf contain diuretic and lactic ingredients 1,978 1,093 Swamp Corkwood Bark Medicinal Boiled water from bark used to make tonic to heal intestinal pain 1,978 1,094 Ajwain Seed Medicinal It is used internally in the treatment of colds, coughs, influenza, asthma, diarrhoea, cholera, colic, indigestion, wind, oedema, arthritis and rheumatism. 2,201 1,095 Ajwain Seed Medicinal The essential oil is also added to cough medicines. 2,201 1,096 Lanete Bark Medicinal The bark of the stem and roots is regarded as an antidote against snake bites and scorpion stings 2,303 1,097 Borasuss Palm Root Medicinal The roots serve for the treatment of stomach parasites, bronchitis, sore throats and asthma, as well as being used for a mouthwash 2,426 1,098 Borasuss Palm Leaf Medicinal The leaves are said to be an aphrodisiac. 2,426 1,099 Marula Bark Medicinal Bark decoctions are administered orally or as enemas to treat diarrhoea and dysentery 2,097 1,100 Kinaboom Bark Medicinal A bark decoction is used in traditional medicine as an astringent, purgative or emetic to treat fever, swellings, rheumatism, hepatitis, pneumonia, abdominal pain and as a tranquilizer. 2,302 1,101 Kinaboom Root Medicinal A root decoction is taken to treat fever, swollen legs, insomnia and palpitation of the heart. The root is used for treating insomnia and insecurity 2,302 1,102 Masterwort Root Medicinal The root is antispasmodic, aromatic, bitter, strongly carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant and stomachic 2,186 1,103 Finger Root Root Medicinal The root and root-bark have a widespread reputation in traditional medicine in Africa. The plant has been shown to contain several medically active compounds - the root bark yields an oleo-resin; alkaloids are present in small amount in the roots; tannins have been recorded as present but saponins have been recorded as absent 2,180 1,104 Finger Root Whole Medicinal The sap of the leaves, roots and stems is widely used on wounds and sores and is said to promote rapid healing. 2,180 1,105 Chironji Whole Medicinal The gum from the tree is used against leprosy in traditional medicine. 2,125 1,106 Chironji Root Medicinal The roots are acrid, astringent, cooling, depurative and constipating. They are useful in the treatment of diarrhoea. 2,125 1,107 Chironji Leaf Medicinal The leaves are used in the treatment of skin diseases. 2,125 1,108 Chironji Fruit Medicinal Fruits are used in treating coughs and asthma. 2,125 1,109 Suweg Root Medicinal The root is carminative, restorative, stomachic and tonic 2,416 1,110 Suweg Stem Medicinal The stem is cut, and the inside of the stem eaten raw, in the treatment of snakebites 2,416 1,111 Suweg Petiole Medicinal The sap from the petiole is fermented and drunk as a treatment for diarrhoea and dysentery 2,416 1,112 Taro Leaf Medicinal The sap of the leaf stalk is used in treating conjunctivitis 2,418 1,113 Cranberry Bush Root Medicinal An infusion of the roots has been used in the treatment of prolapse of the uterus. 1,986 1,114 Cranberry Bush Bark Medicinal A decoction of the branches has been used to treat a fallen womb after birth. 1,986 1,115 Cranberry Bush Root Medicinal An infusion of the roots has been used to make a person vomit in the treatment of bad blood and fevers. 1,986 1,116 Cranberry Bush Bark Medicinal An infusion of the inner bark has been used to treat stomach cramps. 1,986 1,117 Ivy Gourd Leaf Medicinal Leaf has the antipyretic properties. Good for diabetes patient. Made into powdered medicine. 1,978 1,118 Sea Beet Seed Medicinal A decoction prepared from the seed has been used as a remedy for tumours of the intestines. 1,999 1,119 Prickly Chaff Flower Leaf Medicinal A paste of the leaves is applied in the treatment of rabies, nervous disorders, hysteria, insect and snake bites. 2,066 1,120 Node Flower Allmania Fruit Medicinal The ripe Fruit are used to treat constipation and dysentery. 2,065 1,121 Node Flower Allmania Leaf Medicinal The leaves are febrifuge. 2,065 1,122 Sessile Joy Weed Whole Medicinal Alternanthera sessilis is used in local medicine in Taiwan, often in mixtures with other medicinal plants, to treat hepatitis, tight chest, bronchitis, asthma and other lung troubles, to stop bleeding and as a hair tonic. 2,071 1,123 Slender Amaranth Whole Medicinal Vegetable amaranths in general are recommended as a good food with medicinal properties for young children, lactating mothers and for patients with fever, haemorrhage, anaemia or kidney complaints. 2,072 1,124 Slender Amaranth Leaf Medicinal The leaves are used as a febrifuge and poultice to treat inflammations, boils and abscesses. 2,072 1,125 Spiny Amaranth Seed Medicinal The seed is used as a poultice for broken bones. 2,073 1,126 Spiny Amaranth Root Medicinal The juice of the root is used in Nepal to treat fevers, urinary troubles, diarrhoea and dysentery. 2,073 1,127 Palak 'var. bengalensis' Root Medicinal Used as a tonic for women 2,012 1,128 Desert Horse Purslane Root Medicinal They are used to relieve obstructions of the liver, and to relieve asthma and amenorrhoea.A decoction of the powdered root is taken to treat venereal discharge 1,987 1,129 Desert Horse Purslane Leaf Medicinal They are used in the treatment of oedema, jaundice, strangury and dropsy.The old leaves are used in a treatment against gonorrhoea 1,987 1,130 Parsley Root 'var. tuberosum' Whole Medicinal Parsley is a commonly grown culinary and medicinal herb that is often used as a domestic medicine. Its prime use is as a diuretic where it is effective in ridding the body of stones and in treating jaundice, dropsy, cystitis. 2,183 1,131 Parsley Root 'var. tuberosum' Leaf Medicinal If the leaves are kept close to the breasts of a nursing mother for a few days, the milk flow will cease. 2,183 1,132 Great masterwort Root Medicinal A decoction of the root is purgative. 2,185 1,133 Great masterwort Whole Medicinal An infusion of the whole plant is a gentle diuretic. 2,185 1,134 Sicilian Sumac Leaf Medicinal They are used in the treatment of dysentery, haemoptysis and conjunctivitis. 2,128 1,135 Field Garlic Bulb Medicinal They contain sulphur compounds (which give them their onion flavour) and when added to the diet on a regular basis they help reduce blood cholesterol levels, act as a tonic to the digestive system and also tonify the circulatory system. 2,095 1,136 Jamun Whole Environmental Tree popular in social forestry and for planting on roadsides. 1,974 1,137 Belimbing Buluh Fruit Beverages It is stated that the juice can reduce the high blood pressure, diabetes and syncope. 1,973 1,138 Pomegranate Fruit Beverages 1,973 1,139 Five Corner Fruit Beverages It is stated that the juice can reduce the high blood pressure. 1,973 1,140 Love-Lies-Bleeding Seed Beverages The seeds are fermented to make alcoholic beverages, e.g. beer or called tella in Ethiopia 2,062 1,141 Soncoya Fruit Beverages Raw and also made into juice. 2,156 1,142 Indian Bael Fruit Beverages Have medicinal properties. 1,974 1,143 Atemoya (Annona atemoya) Fruit Beverages It can be utilized as a flavouring of ice-cream, sherbets and beverages 2,130 1,144 Mountain Soursop Fruit Beverages They are consumed fresh for dessert when fully ripe or mixed with ice cream or milk to make a drink. 2,152 1,145 Gardner Saltbush Seed Beverages The seeds were ground up and made into a beverage with water and sugar. This drink was called pinole. 2,018 1,146 Mastic Tree Whole Beverages It is also the basis of a Greek confectionery called 'masticha' and a liqueur called 'mastiche'. 2,102 1,147 Pepper Tree Fruit Beverages A wine is made from the twigs and another from the berries. 2,111 1,148 Borasuss Palm Seed Beverages The immature seed contains a sweet juice which can be drunk like coconut water 2,426 1,149 Borasuss Palm Stem Beverages The sap is extracted from the stem. Rich in sugars, it can be made into a refreshing beverage, fermented to make palm wine (toddy) or vinegar, or the sugars can be extracted 2,426 1,150 Marula Fruit Beverages Fermenting the fruit at household level produces an alcoholic beverage (‘marula beer’) which is either consumed directly or distilled into a strong liqueur. 2,097 1,151 Kinaboom Whole Beverages An extract from the root and the powdered stem bark are added to a local beer made from cooking bananas in order to add a bitter flavour and to increase the alcohol percentage of the drink 2,302 1,152 Jamun Fruit Beverages Drinks made from powdered seeds. 1,974 1,153 Jamun Leaf Beverages Said to have medicinal properties. 1,974 1,154 Green Amaranth Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) The plant is also a good cattle fodder and green manure. 2,034 1,155 Jackfruit Leaves and petioles Feed (Forage/Fodder) Particularly for goats 1,974 1,156 Mediterranean Amaranth Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) Amaranthus graecizans is used as a fodder for livestock. 2,063 1,157 Celosia Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) Celosia can also be used as a livestock feed. 2,030 1,158 Love-Lies-Bleeding Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) Harvest residues are used for feeding livestock and for thatching 2,062 1,159 Prince's Feather Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) The seeds are used as a grain. 2,037 1,160 Arracacha Root Feed (Forage/Fodder) The crown of the root is used to feed dairy livestock and also the stem and leaves can be used as animal feed. 2,207 1,161 Ground Ivy Leaf Food The leaf can be mixed into salads to add a slight aromatic tang. They can also be cooked like spinach, added to soups etc or used as a flavouring. 8,367 1,162 Ground Ivy Leaf Beverages A herb tea is made from the fresh or dried leaves. 8,367 1,163 Ground Ivy Leaf Medicinal Ground ivy is a safe and effective herb that is used to treat many problems involving the mucous membranes of the ear, nose, throat and digestive system. A well-tolerated treatment it can be given to children to clear lingering catarrh and to treat chronic conditions such as glue ear and sinusitis. 8,367 1,164 Horehound Whole Medicinal M. vulgare was formerly valuable as a medicinal herb, grown in many home and herb gardens, but is now much less important. It is a well-known and popular herbal medicine often used as a domestic remedy for coughs, colds, wheeziness and similar ailments 8,368 1,165 Horehound Whole Beverages It is often made into a syrup or candy in order to disguise its very bitter flavour, though it can also be taken as a tea. As a bitter tonic, it increases the appetite and supports the function of the stomach. 8,368 1,166 Horehound Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) M. vulgare has a bitter taste, caused by the alkaloid marrubin, so that it is not normally palatable to livestock although, if hungry, sheep will graze it. 8,368 1,167 Horehound Extract (oil) Beverages An essential oil is obtained from the plant and used as a flavouring in liqueurs. 8,368 1,168 Hyssop Whole Medicinal It is a quite significant medicinal plant which can be utilized for the treatment of several diseases such as microbial infection, epilepsy, ulcer, and spasm. 8,369 1,169 Hyssop Extract (oil) Industrial Its essential oil is widely being used in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries worldwide. Its oil is used as an herbal medicine and very precious food additive. 8,369 1,170 Hyssop Extract (oil) Food The essence of H. officinalis is used in food preparation to a minor extent. 8,369 1,171 Hyssop Extract (oil) Beverages H. officinalis is used to flavor liqueur and is one main ingredient of the official formulation of Chartreuse. 8,369 1,172 Cowpea Leaf Medicinal Leaves and seeds are applied as a poultice to treat swellings and skin infections and leaves are also chewed to treat tooth ailments. 8,263 1,173 Cowpea Seed Medicinal Leaves and seeds are applied as a poultice to treat swellings and skin infections. Powdered carbonized seeds are applied on insect stings. 8,263 1,174 Cowpea Root Medicinal The root is used as an antidote for snakebites and to treat epilepsy, chest pain, constipation and dysmenorrhoea. 8,263 1,175 Lavandin Flower Food Petals and flowering tips can be used as a condiment in salads, soups, stews etc. They provide a very aromatic flavour. 8,379 1,176 Lavandin Flower Beverages The fresh or dried flowers are used as a tea. 8,379 1,177 Lavandin Extract (oil) Food An essential oil from the flowers is used as a food flavouring. 8,379 1,178 Lavandin Extract (oil) Medicinal Lavender is a commonly used household herbal remedy. An essential oil obtained from the flowers is antihalitosis, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, cholagogue, diuretic, nervine, sedative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. 8,379 1,179 Lavandin Extract (oil) Industrial The essential oil that is obtained from the flowers is exquisitely scented and has a very wide range of applications, both in the home and commercially. It is commonly used in soap making, in making high quality perfumes (it is also used in 'Eau de Cologne'), it is also used as a detergent and cleaning agent, a food flavouring etc. The aromatic leaves and flowers are used in pot-pourri. 8,379 1,180 Chickpea Seed Food The fresh or dried seed is cooked in soups, stews etc. Parched seeds can be eaten as a snack[183]. The seed can also be ground into a meal and used with cereal flours for making bread, cakes etc. The roasted seed is a coffee substitute. 8,390 1,181 Lavandin Whole Ornamental Lavender is a very ornamental plant that is often grown in the herb garden and is also grown commercially for its essential oil. 8,379 1,182 Chickpea Root Food The roasted root can also be used as a coffee substitute. 8,390 1,183 Chickpea Pod Food Both the young seedpods and the young shoots are said to be edible[57, 61, 142, 171, 177, 183] but some caution is advised. 8,390 1,184 Chickpea Pod Medicinal An acid exudation from the seedpods is astringent. It has been used in the treatment of dyspepsia, constipation and snakebite. 8,390 1,185 Dabai Fruit Food Fruit - raw or used in the same way as olives. When eaten fresh, they are soaked in hot water for about 10 minutes until they become soft and are then eaten with sugar or soy sauce in a meal or as a savoury snack. 8,391 1,186 Dabai Seed Food The rich, nutty kernel can be eaten. 8,391 1,187 Fonio Grain Food Fonio is a staple food in various parts of West Africa, where it is also known as ‘acha’ or ‘fundi’, but it is also a prestige food (‘chief’s food’) and a gourmet item. In the Dominican Republic fonio flour is made into porridges and creams, mixed with other cereal flours to make cookies, and it is used in the preparation of candy and fermented beverages. 8,392 1,188 Fonio Grain Feed (Forage/Fodder) Fonio grain is a valuable, easily digested feed for farm animals. 8,392 1,189 Fonio Forage (dry) Feed (Forage/Fodder) The straw and chaff are excellent fodder and are often sold in markets for this purpose. 8,392 1,190 Fonio Grain Medicinal Fonio grain is considered to have medicinal properties; it is recommended for lactating women and diabetic people. 8,392 1,191 Finger Millet Seed Food Seed - cooked. Used as a millet, the seed can be cooked whole or ground and used as a flour. It is used in cakes, puddings, porridge etc. 8,393 1,192 Finger Millet Grain Food The grain is higher in protein, fat and minerals than rice, corn, or sorghum. When consumed as food it provides a sustaining diet, especially for people doing hard work. The grain may also be malted and a flour of the malted grain used as a nourishing food for infants and invalids. Finger millet is considered an especially wholesome food for diabetics. 8,393 1,193 Finger Millet Seed Medicinal The seed is astringent, tonic and cooling. It is used in the treatment of fevers, biliousness and hepatitis. 8,393 1,194 Finger Millet Leaf Medicinal The plant is a folk remedy for treating leprosy, liver disease, measles, pleurisy, pneumonia, and small pox. The juice of a mixture of finger millet leaves combined with the leaves of Plumbago zeylanica are taken as an internal remedy for leprosy. 8,393 1,195 Finger Millet Root Environmental This species is used for soil retention. The plants tiller strongly and root from the lower nodes, they provide excellent protection against soil erosion. 8,393 1,196 Finger Millet Plant Fiber Fibre A fibre from the plant is used in papermaking. 8,393 1,197 Finger Millet Seed Beverages The seed is often used to provide malt for making local beer and other alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages. In malting, finger millet grain has a higher enzyme activity than all other major cereals except barley, making it very suitable for brewing. 8,393 1,198 Foxtail Millet Grain Food The grain may be cooked and eaten like rice, either entire or broken. It can be ground and made into unleavened bread or, when mixed with wheat flour, into leavened bread. The flour is also made into cakes, porridges and puddings. 8,396 1,199 Patchouli Leaf Oil (Food) An essential oil is obtained from the dried, cured leaves. It is used as a flavouring in various items, such as chewing gum, baked goods and candy. 8,395 1,200 Foxtail Millet Grain Beverages Foxtail millet is used in the preparation of beer and alcohol, especially in Russia and Myanmar, and for vinegar and wine in China. 8,396 1,201 Foxtail Millet Forage (dry) Feed (Forage/Fodder) In Europe and the United States foxtail millet is primarily grown as bird feed. It is an important fodder crop (‘moha’); in the United States and Europe it is grown for hay and silage, and in China the straw is an important fodder. 8,396 1,202 Patchouli Leaf Industrial The essential oil from the leaves is an important ingredient in many perfumes. It is also used in a range of other products including toiletries, cosmetics, breath fresheners, incense, insecticides, insect repellents and disinfectants. In Thailand a preparation of equal parts of P. cablin leaves, guava and orange peel is recommended against diarrhoea. In aromatherapy it is used as a relaxant. Patchouli oil steam distilled from P. cablin leaves is almost universally used as a fixing agent in perfumery, blending beautifully with an exceptionally wide range of fragrance and body-care materials. 8,395 1,203 Foxtail Millet Whole Medicinal Foxtail millet is credited with diuretic, astringent and emollient properties and is used to treat rheumatism. (The part for this used is not stated) 8,396 1,204 Foxtail Millet Root Environmental It can be sown in contour strips for erosion control. 8,396 1,205 Patchouli Extract (oil) Medicinal Both the leaves, and the essential oil obtained from them, are used medicinally and are considered to be antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, diuretic, febrifuge, digestive, sedative, stomachic and tonic. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy to treat nervous exhaustion, depression, low libido and frigidity. 8,395 1,206 Patchouli Extract (oil) Environmental The essential oil from the leaves is also used in a range of other products including insecticides, insect repellents and disinfectants. 8,395 1,207 Groundnut Seed Food Seed - raw, cooked or ground into a powder. Peanuts are a staple food in many tropical zones and are widely exported to temperate area of the world. The seeds have a delicious nutty flavour and can be eaten on their own either raw or roasted. The seeds are commonly ground up and used as peanut butter in sandwiches etc. They can also be cooked in a variety of dishes and are also ground into a powder when they can be used with cereals to greatly improve the protein content of breads, cakes etc. 8,401 1,208 Groundnut Seed Oil (Food) A non-drying edible oil is obtained from the seed. This is one of the most commonly used edible oils is the world. It is similar in composition to olive oil and is often used in cooking, making margarines, salad oils etc. 8,401 1,209 Groundnut Pod Food Young pods may be consumed as a vegetable. 8,401 1,210 Groundnut Leaf Food Young leaves and tips are suitable as a cooked green vegetable. 8,401 1,211 Groundnut Seed Medicinal The seeds have been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac and decoagulant. 8,401 1,212 Groundnut Seed Industrial The seeds yield a non-drying oil that has a wide range of uses including the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, soaps, cold creams, pomades and lubricants, paints and emulsions for insect control. The presscake from oil extraction is rich in protein. It finds industrial application in the production of glues; sizes for paper; starches for laundering and textile manufacture. 8,401 1,213 Groundnut Seed Oil (Fuel) The seeds yield a non-drying oil that has been used as fuel for diesel engines. 8,401 1,214 Hyacinth Bean Pod Food The young green pods and immature seeds are eaten boiled. 8,406 1,215 Hyacinth Bean Seed Food The young green pods and immature seeds are eaten boiled. Elsewhere, e.g. in northern Nigeria and Kenya , the dry seeds are eaten as a pulse although they require prolonged cooking with several changes of water. 8,406 1,216 Hyacinth Bean Leaf Food Locally, the young leaves are used as a leafy vegetable. 8,406 1,217 Hyacinth Bean Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) The whole plant is used as a fodder for cattle, either green or as hay or silage. 8,406 1,218 Hyacinth Bean Leaf Medicinal In East Africa the leaves are crushed and sniffed to cure headache. They are used as emmenagogue and to accelerate childbirth and to treat stomach troubles. Green leaves crushed in vinegar have been used to treat snakebites. In Rwanda the leaves are taken in a decoction of a mixture with leaves of other plants in case of heart problems. In DR Congo the leaves are made into an infusion which is drunk to cure tonsillitis. 8,406 1,219 Hyacinth Bean Seed Medicinal In Senegal the seed is given as a stomachic and antispasmodic and has been used in the treatment of cholera and sunstroke. 8,406 1,220 Hyacinth Bean Root Environmental Lablab is widely grown for soil improvement and in soil and water conservation programmes. 8,406 1,221 Peppermint Whole Medicinal In the Indian Materia Medica, leaves of Mentha piperita L. , in infusion, are used in cases of vomiting, gastric colic, cholera, diarrhoea, flatulence, weak digestion, hiccup and palpitation of the heart. Peppermint leaves are traditionally used as carminative herbal medicinal product with therapeutic indications for the symptomatic treatment of digestive disorders such as dyspepsia (e.g. spastic complaints of the upper gastrointestinal tract), flatulence, gastritis, enteritis and also as cholagogue. 8,405 1,222 Hyacinth Bean Leaf Industrial In Zanzibar a green dye was obtained from pounded leaves. 8,406 1,223 Hyacinth Bean Whole Ornamental In the United States it is occasionally grown as an ornamental. 8,406 1,224 Peppermint Extract (oil) Industrial Peppermint leaves and extract can be used in cosmetic formulations as fragrance ingredients. Peppermint water can be used as a flavouring agent or, also, as a fragrance component. 8,405 1,225 Nalta Jute Leaf Food It is used as a leafy mucilaginous vegetable. 8,408 1,226 Peppermint Extract (oil) Medicinal Peppermint oil has been classified by the HMPC for use externally in coughs and colds, with muscle pain and itchiness of intact skin as a traditional herbal medicinal product and internally it can be used as inhalant. 8,405 1,227 Peppermint Leaf Medicinal The HMPC has categorised peppermint leaves for the following applications as a traditional herbal medicine. Peppermint leaves are used in combination with other drugs for the digestive function or to release the mucus in the respiratory tract. Peppermint leaves as tea, even in teabags. 8,405 1,228 Nalta Jute Plant Fiber Fibre It has been the most widely used packaging fibre for more than 100 years because of its strength and durability, low production costs, ease of manufacturing and availability in large and uniform quantities. 8,408 1,229 Nalta Jute Root Medicinal Root scrapings of Nalta Jute are used in Kenya to treat toothache and a root decoction as a tonic. 8,408 1,230 Nalta Jute Leaf Medicinal An infusion from the leaves is taken in Tanzania against constipation. 8,408 1,231 Nalta Jute Seed Medicinal Seeds in Nigeria as a purgative and febrifuge. 8,408 1,232 Leucaena Whole Environmental Throughout the tropics leucaena provides a major nitrogen-fixing component of lowland wasteland, fallow land and forest, where it is often a primary source of fixed nitrogen in the ecosystem. 8,410 1,233 Leucaena Whole (without root) Industrial A dye has been extracted in Central America from the seeds, pods and bark. 8,410 1,234 Pot Marjoram Leaf Food The leaves are used as a flavouring for salad dressings, vegetables and legumes and are best added in the final stages of cooking. A strong thyme-like aroma, the leaves are used as a substitute for oregano or marjoram, but they are inferior in flavour. 8,411 1,235 Pot Marjoram Leaf Beverages A herb tea is made from the leaves. 8,411 1,236 Leucaena Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) Foliage is fed to ruminant animals as browse or by cut-and-carry methods and mixed with other green fodders; it is milled as a supplement for poultry feed and pelleted for export. 8,410 1,237 Pot Marjoram Leaf Medicinal The leaves and flowering stems are antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, stimulant, stomachic and mildly tonic. 8,411 1,238 Leucaena Leaf Industrial Wood is harvested used in industries such as ceramics. Increasing use is made of the wood for posts and props, in chipboard and plywood manufacture, for paper pulp, and for furniture and parquet flooring. 8,410 1,239 Pot Marjoram Extract (oil) Food An essential oil from the leaves is used as a food flavouring and in perfumery. 8,411 1,240 Leucaena Leaf Food In Asia people eat the young green shoots before the leaflets unfold. 8,410 1,241 Leucaena Seed Food In the Americas, the green seeds are eaten. In Indonesia the mature seeds are eaten, either raw, cooked or mixed with other ingredients, sometimes after fermentation as a substitute for soyabean, or added to coffee after roasting. 8,410 1,242 Leucaena Pod Food Young pods are eaten raw or cooked. 8,410 1,243 Leucaena Seed Ornamental The dried seeds are widely used for ornamentation. 8,410 1,244 Pot Marjoram Leaf Industrial The leaves and flowering stems are added to pot-pourri and scented articles. 8,411 1,245 Rosemary Leaf Food The fresh or dried leaves are excellent flavouring agents in vegetables, meat (particularly lamb, veal and roasted chicken), sauces, stews, herbal butters, cream soups, fruit salads, jams, biscuits and bread. 8,413 1,246 Rosemary Extract (oil) Food Rosemary oil, distilled from the flowering tops and leaves, is used to season processed foods. 8,413 1,247 Rosemary Extract (oil) Industrial Rosemary oil, distilled from the flowering tops and leaves, is used to season processed foods, but for the most part it is employed in perfumes, in scenting soaps, detergents, household sprays and other related technical products. It finds application in denaturing alcohol and is popular in aromatherapy. 8,413 1,248 Rosemary Whole Ornamental Rosemary is very popular as an ornamental plant used as a ground cover, hedge or shrub and is even transformed by hobbyists into bonsai or planted in hanging baskets. The leaves and flowers can be carefully dried and sold in elegant sachets and potpourris. For the last 1000 years in Europe, rosemary has been a symbol of happiness, fidelity and love, and a wedding and funeral flower. 8,413 1,249 Rosemary Whole Medicinal Flowering tops and leaves are considered carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, aperient, emmenagogue, stimulant, stomachic and astringent. Rosemary also serves as a household remedy for headaches, bruises, colds, nervous tension, asthma, baldness and sore throat. In the Philippines, an infusion of the leaves is used as an eyewash for slight catarrhal conjunctivitis, as vapour baths for rheumatism, paralysis and incipient catarrhs, and to bathe women in puerperal state. 8,413 1,250 Moringa Leaf Food Young leaves and shoots - raw or cooked. Added to salads, cooked as a potherb and added to soups and curries. 8,414 1,251 Moringa Flower Food Flowers - raw or cooked. Added to salads, cooked as a potherb and added to soups and curries. They can also be used to make a tea. 8,414 1,252 Moringa Pod Food The long, bean-like pods are used in soups and curries, or made into pickles. The young pods are said to have a taste reminiscent of asparagus and can be eaten raw. 8,414 1,253 Moringa Seed Food The immature seeds are eaten like peas. A sweet flavour. Mature seeds, when roasted or fried, are said to resemble peanuts in flavour. 8,414 1,254 Moringa Seed Oil (Food) An oil obtained from the seeds is used in salads and cooking. Pleasantly flavoured, it resembles olive oil and is an excellent salad oil. 8,414 1,255 Moringa Root Food The pungent root is used like horseradish (Armoracea rusticana) as a hot flavouring in foods. 8,414 1,256 Moringa Root Medicinal The root juice is used internally in the treatment of asthma, gout, rheumatism, enlarged spleen and liver, bladder and kidney stones, inflammatory conditions. Externally, the root is used to treat boils, ulcers, glandular swellings, infected wounds, skin diseases, dental infections, snake bites and gout. The roots and bark are used for cardiac and circulatory problems, as a tonic and for inflammation. 8,414 1,257 Moringa Bark Medicinal The roots and bark are used for cardiac and circulatory problems, as a tonic and for inflammation. The gum is demulcent, diuretic, astringent and abortifacient. It is used in cough syrups and in the treatment of asthma. The bark and gum are used in the treatment of tuberculosis and septicaemia. 8,414 1,258 Moringa Flower Medicinal A decoction of the flowers is used as a cold remedy. 8,414 1,259 Moringa Seed Medicinal The seeds are effective against skin-infecting bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They contain the potent antibiotic and fungicide terygospermin. Ben oil, obtained from the seeds is used for hysteria, scurvy, prostate problems and bladder troubles. 8,414 1,260 Sage Leaf Food A very common herb, the strongly aromatic leaves are used as a flavouring in cooked foods. The young leaves and flowers can be eaten raw, boiled, pickled or used in sandwiches. 8,417 1,261 Moringa Whole Environmental Plants can be grown as an informal hedge, providing wind protection, shade and support for climbing garden plants. 8,414 1,262 Sage Leaf Beverages A herb tea is made from the fresh or dried leaves. 8,417 1,263 Sage Extract (oil) Food An essential oil obtained from the plant is used commercially to flavour ice cream, sweets, baked goods etc. 8,417 1,264 Moringa Seed Industrial The oil obtained from the mature seed and pods, known as 'oil of ben', has been used to lubricate watches and other fine machinery. It is also used in perfumery, artist's paints, soaps and ointments. 8,414 1,265 Moringa Bark Fibre The bark, when beaten, produces a fibre used to make small ropes and mats. 8,414 1,266 Sage Whole Medicinal Sage is also used internally in the treatment of excessive lactation, night sweats, excessive salivation (as in Parkinson's disease), profuse perspiration (as in TB), anxiety, depression, female sterility and menopausal problems. Many herbalists believe that the purple-leafed forms of this species are more potent medicinally. Applied externally, the plant is used to treat insect bites, skin, throat, mouth and gum infections and vaginal discharge. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy. 8,417 1,267 Moringa Bark Industrial The bark is used for tanning. The wood yields a blue dye. The wood is very soft, corky and light, and is useful only for light construction work. 8,414 1,268 Sage Whole Environmental The growing or dried plant is said to repel insects, it is especially useful when grown amongst cabbages and carrots. It is inhibited by wormwood growing nearby and dislikes growing with basil, rue or the cucumber and squash family. 8,417 1,269 Sage Extract (oil) Industrial An essential oil from the leaves is used in perfumery, hair shampoos (it is good for dark hair) and as a food flavouring. It is a very effective 'fixer' in perfumes and is also used to flavour toothpastes and is added to bio-activating cosmetics. 8,417 1,270 Mashua Tuber Food Tubers - cooked. A peppery flavour, it is rather unpleasant to many tastes. The flavour can be improved somewhat by freezing the tubers after they have been cooked, they are then considered to be a delicacy by many people. 8,421 1,271 Mashua Leaf Food Leaves - raw or cooked as a vegetable. 8,421 1,272 Spike Lavender Extract (oil) Food An essential oil from the flowers is used as a food flavouring. 8,420 1,273 Mashua Tuber Medicinal The tuber is considered to be an anaphrodisiac in the Andes, reducing sexual desire. Clinical trials have indicated a reduction of up to 45% in some male hormones when the tuber forms a considerable part of the diet, but no loss in fertility has been observed. 8,421 1,274 Spike Lavender Extract (oil) Medicinal Spike lavender has similar medicinal properties to common lavender (L. angustifolia). It yields more essential oil than that species but is of inferior quality. They can be used in all the ways that common lavender is used, externally to treat wounds, burns, insect stings etc and internally to treat digestive disorders. The flowering stems, and the essential oil obtained from them, is abortifacient, antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative and emmenagogue. 8,420 1,275 Spike Lavender Extract (oil) Industrial An essential oil is obtained from the flowers which used in soap making, perfumery, food flavouring, veterinary medicines, porcelain painting etc. he flowering stems, once the flowers have been removed for use in pot-pourri etc, can be tied in small bundles and burnt as incense sticks. 8,420 1,276 Napier Grass Leaf Food The young shoots or leaves are added to soup. 8,422 1,277 Napier Grass Stem Food The stalks are reduced to ash and then the soluble and insoluble parts separated out with water to produce vegetable salt. 8,422 1,278 Napier Grass Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) Fodder: bank, pasture. Extremely palatable to all classes of stock provided young and leafy. 8,422 1,279 Napier Grass Whole Environmental Napier grasses improve soil fertility, and protect arid land from soil erosion. 8,422 1,280 True Lavender Extract (oil) Industrial An essential oil from the flowers is used as a food flavouring. The essential oil that is obtained from the flowers is exquisitely scented and has a very wide range of applications, both in the home and commercially. It is commonly used in soap making, in making high quality perfumes (it is also used in 'Eau de Cologne'), it is also used as a detergent and cleaning agent, a food flavouring etc. 8,423 1,281 Okra Fruit Food Immature fruit - cooked on their own or added to soups etc. They can be used fresh or dried. 8,424 1,282 True Lavender Extract (oil) Medicinal The essential oil is much more gentle in its action than most other essential oils and can be safely applied direct to the skin as an antiseptic to help heal wounds, burns etc. An essential oil obtained from the flowers is antihalitosis, powerfully antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, cholagogue, diuretic, nervine, sedative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. It is very useful in the treatment of burns, sunburn, scalds, bites, vaginal discharge, anal fissure etc, where it also soothes the affected part of the body and can prevent the formation of permanent scar tissue. 8,423 1,283 True Lavender Flower Beverages The fresh or dried flowers are used as a tea. 8,423 1,284 Okra Seed Food Seed - cooked or ground into a meal and used in making bread or made into 'tofu' or 'tempeh'. 8,424 1,285 Okra Leaf Food The leaves, flower buds, flowers and calyces can be eaten cooked as greens. 8,424 1,286 Okra Root Medicinal The roots are very rich in mucilage, having a strongly demulcent action. This mucilage can be used as a plasma replacement. An infusion of the roots is used in the treatment of syphilis. The juice of the roots is used externally in Nepal to treat cuts, wounds and boils. 8,424 1,287 Okra Leaf Medicinal The leaves furnish an emollient poultice. They are also used as an emollient, sudorific or antiscorbutic and to treat dysuria. 8,424 1,288 Okra Fruit Medicinal A decoction of the immature fruits is demulcent, diuretic and emollient. It is used in the treatment of catarrhal infections, ardor urinae, dysuria and gonorrhoea. The fruit is crushed with the young leaves and then used to wash the hair and to treat dandruff. 8,424 1,289 Okra Flower Medicinal An infusion of the flowers is used to treat phlegm in the mucous membranes of the chest. 8,424 1,290 Okra Seed Medicinal The seeds are antispasmodic, cordial and stimulant. An infusion of the roasted seeds has sudorific properties. 8,424 1,291 Okra Stem Fibre A fibre obtained from the stems is used as a substitute for jute. Strong and silky. It is also used in making paper and textiles. 8,424 1,292 Pigeon Pea Seed Food Ripe seeds are eaten fried or boiled, often after being soaked first, or boiled into porridge. 8,426 1,293 Pigeon Pea Forage (fresh) Feed (Forage/Fodder) Vegetative parts are excellent fodder and seeds are also used as animal feed. 8,426 1,294 Pigeon Pea Whole Environmental Pigeon pea is useful in hedges and windbreaks on dry soils and in agroforestry. It is also grown as a shade crop, cover crop, or as support for vanilla. Pigeon pea improves the soil through its extensive root system, nitrogen fixation and the mulch provided by the fallen leaves. 8,426 1,295 Pigeon Pea Leaf Medicinal Diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, measles, burns, eye infections, earache, sore throat, sore gums, toothache, anaemia, intestinal worms, dizziness and epilepsy are treated with leaf preparations. 8,426 1,296 Pigeon Pea Root Medicinal Root preparations are taken to treat cough, stomach problems and syphilis. 8,426 1,297 Pigeon Pea Stem Medicinal Stem ash is applied on wounds. 8,426 1,298 Pigeon Pea Seed Medicinal Powdered seeds serve as a poultice on swellings. 8,426 1,299 Peria Pantai Leaf Industrial Leaves of C. asiatica have the ability to produce foam in water and thus, have long been used as a substitute for soap in the rural areas in some countries. 8,427 1,300 Peria Pantai Leaf Medicinal Leaves are used to alleviate inflammations and boils. In order to alleviate painful swellings, leaves are crushed and juice is rubbed on the affected body. 8,427 1,301 Peria Pantai Stem Medicinal Young stems are cut into pieces and boiled in water, which is drunk to alleviate stomach disorders. 8,427 1,302 Peria Pantai Seed Medicinal Medicinal oil is prepared from seeds along with other ingredients, which is used to treat rheumatism and numbness in adults and also in treating weak legs in children. 8,427 1,303 Pulasan Fruit Food The flesh of ripe fruits is eaten raw or made into jam. 8,428 1,304 Pulasan Seed Beverages Boiled or roasted seeds are used to prepare a cocoa-like beverage. 8,428 1,305 Pulasan Leaf Medicinal The leaves and roots are employed in poultices. 8,428 1,306 Pulasan Root Medicinal The root decoction is administered as a febrifuge and vermifuge. 8,428 1,307 Proso Millet Grain Food Seed - cooked as a whole grain or ground into a powder and used as a flour for making breads, pasta and fermented foods such as 'tempeh'. 8,429 1,308 Proso Millet Grain Medicinal The seed is cooling and demulcent. The cooked seed is applied as a poultice for abscesses, sores etc whilst juice from chewed seeds is applied to children's sores. 8,429 1,309 Proso Millet Root Medicinal A decoction of the root is used as an antidote to poisoning by Momordica spp, it is also used to treat haematuria in women and as a bath for skin eruptions. 8,429 1,310 Proso Millet Grain Industrial A starch from the seed is a substitute for corn starch (Zea mays). It is used for sizing textiles. 8,429 1,311 Proso Millet Leaf Fibre The leaves are a source of fibre used in paper making. 8,429 1,312 Pearl Millet Seed Food Decorticated and pounded into flour it is consumed as a stiff porridge (‘tô’) or gruel in Africa, or as flat unleavened bread (‘chapatti’) in India. In Africa there are various other preparations such as couscous, rice-like products, snacks of blends with pulses, and fermented and non-fermented beverages. 8,430 1,313 Pearl Millet Stem Industrial Split stems are used for basketry. 8,430 1,314 Pearl Millet Grain Medicinal In African traditional medicine the grain has been applied to treat chest disorders, leprosy, blennorrhoea and poisonings, and the ground grain as an anthelmintic for children. 8,430 1,315 Pearl Millet Root Medicinal A root decoction is drunk to treat jaundice. 8,430 1,316 Pearl Millet Flower Medicinal The vapour of inflorescence extracts is inhaled for respiratory diseases in children. 8,430 1,317 Pearl Millet Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) Outside Africa and India pearl millet is mostly grown as a green fodder crop for silage, hay making and grazing. 8,430 1,318 Pearl Millet Whole Environmental Following the discovery that pearl millet can suppress root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans) it is increasingly being used as an alternative to soil fumigation in tobacco and potato cropping in Canada. 8,430 1,319 Soybean Seed Food The seeds furnish one of the world's most important sources of oil and protein, they can be eaten as they are in soups, stews etc, though they are also very commonly used in the preparation of various meat substitutes. The dried seed can be ground into a flour and added to cereal flours or used for making noodles etc. 8,432 1,320 Soybean Seed Beverages The seed is also used to make soya milk. 8,432 1,321 Soybean Pod Food The young seedpods are cooked and used like French beans. 8,432 1,322 Soybean Seed Oil (Food) An edible semi-drying oil is obtained from the seed. It is cooked or can be used as a dressing in salads etc and for manufacture of margarine and shortening. 8,432 1,323 Soybean Leaf Food Young leaves - raw or cooked. 8,432 1,324 Soybean Seed Medicinal The fermented seed is weakly diaphoretic and stomachic. It is used in the treatment of colds, fevers and headaches, insomnia, irritability and a stuffy sensation in the chest. Soybean is listed as a major starting material for stigmasterol, once known as an antistiffness factor. Sitosterol, also a soy by-product, has been used to replace diosgenin in some antihypertensive drugs. 8,432 1,325 Soybean Leaf Medicinal The bruised leaves are applied to snakebite. 8,432 1,326 Soybean Flower Medicinal The flowers are used in the treatment of blindness and opacity of the cornea. 8,432 1,327 Soybean Stem Medicinal The ashes of the stems are applied to granular haemorrhoids or fungus growths on the anus. 8,432 1,328 Soybean Pod Medicinal The immature seedpods are chewed to a pulp and applied to corneal and smallpox ulcers. 8,432 1,329 Soybean Whole Environmental The plant is sometimes grown as a green manure. 8,432 1,330 Soybean Seed Industrial The seed contains up to 20% of an edible semi-drying oil. The oil is used industrially in the manufacture of paints, linoleum, oilcloth, printing inks, soap, insecticides, and disinfectants. 8,432 1,331 Soybean Plant Fiber Fibre The straw can be used to make paper, stiffer than that made from wheat straw. 8,432 1,332 Soybean Seed Oil (Fuel) The oil from the seeds can be used as a diesel fuel. 8,432 1,333 Sorghum Grain Food In the simplest food preparations, the whole grain is boiled (to produce a food resembling rice), roasted (usually at the dough stage), or popped (like maize). More often the grain is ground or pounded into flour, often after hulling. Sorghum flour is used to make thick or thin porridge, pancake, dumplings or couscous, opaque and cloudy beers and non-alcoholic fermented beverages. 8,433 1,334 Sorghum Grain Beverages In Africa sorghum grain is germinated, dried and ground to form malt, which is used as a substratum for fermentation in local beer production. 8,433 1,335 Sorghum Grain Feed (Forage/Fodder) Sorghum grain is a significant component of cattle, pig and chicken feeds in the United States, Central and South America, Australia and China, and is becoming important in chicken feed in India. 8,433 1,336 Sorghum Leaf Industrial Several non-edible sorghum cultivars are exclusively grown for the red dye present in the leaf sheaths and sometimes also in adjacent stem parts. In Africa this dye is used particularly for goat-skin leather (e.g. in Nigeria), but also for mats, textiles, strips of palm leaves and grasses used in basketry and weaving, ornamental calabashes, wool (e.g. in Sudan), as a body paint and to colour cheese and lickstones for cattle (e.g. in Benin). 8,433 1,337 Sorghum Stem Fibre The stems can be used for the production of fibre board. 8,433 1,338 Sorghum Seed Medicinal Seed extracts are drunk to treat hepatitis. 8,433 1,339 Sorghum Stem Medicinal Decoctions of twigs with lemon against jaundice. 8,433 1,340 Sorghum Leaf Medicinal Leaves and panicles are included in plant mixtures for decoctions against anaemia. 8,433 1,341 Swamp Cabbage Leaf Food Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. The tasty leaves are produced all year round. The youngest shoot tips can be added to salads, older leaves are cooked and make a mild-flavoured spinach. The leaves can be stir-fried, steamed, and boiled.. 8,434 1,342 Swamp Cabbage Leaf Medicinal The young shoots are mildly laxative and are used by diabetic patients. A decoction of the leaves is used to treat coughs. The fried leaves are eaten to cool down a fever. The crushed leaves are applied as a poultice on sores and boils. 8,434 1,343 Swamp Cabbage Root Medicinal The roots are laxative, tonic and antidote. They are used in the treatment of opium or arsenic poisoning, and also to counter the effects of drinking unhealthy water. A decoction of the roots is used as a wash against haemorrhoids. 8,434 1,344 Wall Germander Whole Beverages The plant is widely used in making alcoholic drinks with a bitter base, which have digestive or appetite-promoting qualities 8,431 1,345 Wall Germander Whole Medicinal Wall germander is a specific for the treatment of gout, it is also used for its diuretic properties, and as a treatment for weak stomachs and lack of appetite. It has also been taken as an aid to weight loss and is a common ingredient in tonic wines. 8,431 1,346 Teff Grain Food Due to the small size of its grains, tef is almost always made into a whole-grain flour (bran and germ included), resulting in a high nutrient content. Tef flour is used as a thickening agent in a range of products, including soups, stews, gravies and puddings. 8,435 1,347 Wall Germander Extract (oil) Industrial The plant contains 0.6% of an essential oil. 8,431 1,348 Teff Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) Tef is grown as a forage grass, for instance in South Africa, Morocco, Australia, India and Pakistan. 8,435 1,349 Wall Germander Whole Ornamental It is a very ornamental plant, making a good edging for the border and able to be lightly clipped. Wall germander was at one time widely cultivated as a medicinal plant, though it is seldom use at present. 8,431 1,350 Teff Whole Environmental In South Africa it is planted for erosion control, often in mixtures with Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees or other grasses. 8,435 1,351 Winged Bean Pod Food Young seedpods - cooked for a few minutes. The young pods can also be eaten raw in salads. 8,436 1,352 Winged Bean Seed Food Immature seeds are used in soups etc. Mature seeds are eaten cooked. They are very nutritious, being rich in oil (up to 17%), protein, vitamin E and calcium. The seed can also be roasted and eaten like peanuts or fermented and used as tempeh. 8,436 1,353 Winged Bean Seed Oil (Food) An edible oil is obtained from the seed. Similar to soya oil (from Glycine spp.). 8,436 1,354 Winged Bean Root Food Root - raw or cooked like potatoes. 8,436 1,355 Winged Bean Leaf Food Leaves and young shoots -raw or cooked. Young leaves can be used in salads, whilst older leaves are best cooked and used like spinach. 8,436 1,356 Winged Bean Flower Food Flowers and flower buds - raw or cooked. A sweet flavour, they make a nice addition to salads. They can also be added towards the end of cooking to soups, stews, curries etc. The light blue flowers are also used as a colouring in foods. 8,436 1,357 Winged Bean Whole Environmental A very good green manure with exceptional nitrogen-fixing properties, producing a greater weight of nodules per plant than any other member of the Fabaceae. It is used for soil improvement and restoration. 8,436 1,358 White Beech Wood Industrial The heartwood is light grey-brown, the grain somewhat interlocked and soft. The wood is very durable and resistant to termites. It is easy to work, somewhat oily and hence difficult to glue, tends to rust nails and is very slow drying. It is excellent for templates, pattern making, carving and turnery. Also used for indoor joinery, flooring, cabinet and carriage work, planking of boat hulls, and in making food processing equipment. 8,437 1,359 White Beech Whole Ornamental It is sometimes grown as an ornamental in parks and large gardens. 8,437 1,360 Betel Leaves Leaf Food A mixture of betel leaves and other ingredients is used as a masticatory, which acts as a gentle stimulant and is taken after meals to sweeten the breath. 8,438 1,361 Betel Leaves Leaf Medicinal Leaf preparations and the leaf sap are applied to wounds, ulcers, boils and bruises. Heated leaves are applied as a poultice on the chest against cough and asthma, on the breasts to stop milk secretion, and on the abdomen to relieve constipation. The leaves are also used to treat nosebleed, ulcerated noses, gums and mucous membranes while the extract from the leaves is applied for wounds in the ears and as an infusion for the eye. The essential oil obtained from the leaves has been used to treat affections of the mucous membrane of nose, throat and respiratory organs. 8,438 1,362 Bird's Eye Chilli Fruit Food Fruit - raw or cooked. Very hot and normally used as a flavouring. The fruit can be dried and ground into a powder for use as a flavouring. 8,439 1,363 Bird's Eye Chilli Seed Food Seed - dried, ground and used as a pepper. 8,439 1,364 Bird's Eye Chilli Fruit Medicinal Used externally, the fruit is a strong rubefacient stimulating the circulation, aiding the removal of waste products and increasing the flow of nutrients to the tissues. It is applied as a cataplasm or liniment. It has also been powdered and placed inside socks as a traditional remedy for those prone to cold feet. A weak infusion can be used as a gargle to treat throat complaints. 8,439 1,365 White Dead-nettle Leaf Food They can be added to salads or mixed with other leaves and cooked as a potherb. They can also be dried for later use. The leaves are a good source of vitamin A. 8,440 1,366 White Dead-nettle Flower Beverages A pleasant herb tea is made from the flowers. 8,440 1,367 White Dead-nettle Whole Medicinal White dead nettle is an astringent and demulcent herb that is chiefly used as a uterine tonic, to arrest inter-menstrual bleeding and to reduce excessive menstrual flow. It is a traditional treatment for abnormal vaginal discharge and is sometimes taken to relieve painful periods. A homeopathic remedy is made from the plant. It is used in the treatment of bladder and kidney disorders and amenorrhoea. 8,440 1,368 Wild Mint Whole Medicinal Horsemint, like many other members of this genus, is often used as a domestic herbal remedy, being valued especially for its antiseptic properties and its beneficial effect on the digestion. Like other members of the genus, it is best not used by pregnant women because large doses can cause an abortion. The leaves and flowering stems are antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, carminative and stimulant. 8,441 1,369 Wild Mint Leaf Food The leaves has peppermint-scented, they are used as a flavouring in salads, chutneys and cooked foods. An essential oil obtained from the leaves and flowering tops is used as a food flavouring in sweets etc. A peppermint-like taste. The leaves contain about 0.57% essential oil. It is sometimes used as a substitute for peppermint oil in confectionery. 8,441 1,370 Bitter Bean Seed Food Fresh seeds, young or ripe, are eaten raw, cooked or roasted as a side-dish with rice. 8,442 1,371 Bitter Bean Leaf Food Young leaves and the pear-shaped receptacle of the inflorescence can also be consumed raw as lalab, but they are not used to a great extent. 8,442 1,372 Bitter Bean Seed Medicinal The seeds are also considered beneficial in treating liver disease (hepatalgia), oedema, inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis), diabetes, and as anthelmintic. 8,442 1,373 Bitter Bean Leaf Medicinal The leaves are used against jaundice. 8,442 1,374 Bitter Bean Bark Industrial The timber is fairly heavy but not very hard and durable; it can be used for boxes and cabinet work. 8,442 1,375 Wild Thyme Whole Industrial In perfumery, oil of Serpolet ( so it’s commonly named) is chiefly used for soap. The flowering tops, macerated for 24 hours or so in salt and water, are made into a perfumed water. It is much picked for the extraction of its essential oil and when distilled, 100 kilos of dried material yield about 150 grams of essence (about 6 OZ.). The flowering tops, macerated for 24 hours or so in salt and water, are made into a perfumed water. 8,443 1,376 Wild Thyme Leaf Food At times, the leaves are used as a condiment. They are also added in soups and vegetables (goes well with courgettes and mushrooms). It is a key ingredient of ‘bouquet garni’. This herb is great when used fresh, and goes well in many typical southern Italy pasta sauces which often feature peppers and eggplants. 8,443 1,377 Bitter Gourd Fruit Food The immature fruit is soaked in salt water to remove a bitter flavour, and then cooked as a vegetable. They can also be used in curries and pickles. 8,444 1,378 Wild Thyme Whole Medicinal This plant is used to cure bronchitis, flatulent indigestion, oral infections, catarrh, hangovers and colic. It is also applied to treat minor injuries and mouth, throat or gum infections. A poultice made with Thymus serpyllum is applied on the skin to relieve minor injuries and aches by creating moisture and heat. It has anthelmintic, antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, antispasmodic, antiseptic, carminative, diaphoretic, deodorant, disinfectant, sedative, and expectorant properties. 8,443 1,379 Bitter Gourd Leaf Food Young shoots and leaves - cooked and used as a vegetable. A popular leafy vegetable that is considered very healthy. 8,444 1,380 Wild Thyme Leaf Beverages An herbal tea is made from the leaves, which is useful for treating nervous problems, indigestion and headaches. 8,443 1,381 Bitter Gourd Fruit Beverages Bitter gourd tea, made from dried fruit pieces, is a popular health drink in Japan and some other Asian countries. 8,444 1,382 Wild Thyme Whole Ornamental This plant is quite popular among gardeners because of its colorful flowers and scent. 8,443 1,383 Bitter Gourd Fruit Medicinal The ripe fruit is a stomach tonic and induces menstruation. The fresh juice of the fruit is taken internally in the treatment of colitis and dysentery. The unripe fruit is used traditionally to treat the symptoms of diabetes, particularly late-onset diabetes. The fruit is used to treat leprosy and malignant ulcers; to treat stomach worms, fever and phlegm; hypertension and dysentery. The fruit is used externally in the treatment of haemorrhoids, chapped skin and burns. 8,444 1,384 Bitter Gourd Leaf Medicinal An infusion is used in the treatment of intestinal worms, jaundice, malaria and other fevers. A decoction of the leaves and stems is used to treat diabetes, high blood pressure and biliousness. 8,444 1,385 Bitter Gourd Flower Medicinal A decoction of the flowers and leaves is used to treat hepatitis. 8,444 1,386 Winter Savory Leaf Food A peppery flavour, they are used mainly as a flavouring for cooked foods, especially beans, and also as a garnish for salads etc. The leaves can be used fresh or dried. 8,445 1,387 Winter Savory Leaf Beverages A herb tea is made from the fresh or dried leaves. 8,445 1,388 Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens Leaf Food A peppery flavour that can range from mild to hot, this is one of the most highly prized cooked vegetables in the Orient. The leaves can also be eaten raw, when finely shredded they make a very acceptable addition to mixed salads. 8,446 1,389 Winter Savory Whole Medicinal The whole herb, and especially the flowering shoots, is mildly antiseptic, aromatic, carminative, digestive, mildly expectorant and stomachic. Taken internally, it is said to be a sovereign remedy for colic and a cure for flatulence, whilst it is also used to treat gastro-enteritis, cystitis, nausea, diarrhoea, bronchial congestion, sore throat and menstrual disorders. 8,445 1,390 Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens Flower Food Flowers and young flowering stems - raw or cooked. 8,446 1,391 Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens Seed Oil (Food) An edible semi-drying oil is obtained from the seed. 8,446 1,392 Winter Savory Extract (oil) Industrial An essential oil is obtained from the leaves. The essential oil forms an ingredient in lotions for the scalp in cases of incipient baldness. 8,445 1,393 Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens Seed Medicinal The seed is used in the treatment of tumours in China. In Korea, the seeds are used in the treatment of abscesses, colds, lumbago, rheumatism, and stomach disorders. 8,446 1,394 Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens Leaf Medicinal Leaves applied to the forehead are said to relieve headache. The Chinese eat the leaves in soups for bladder, inflammation or haemorrhage. 8,446 1,395 Winter Savory Whole Environmental The growing plant repels insects. 8,445 1,396 Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens Whole Environmental There is some evidence that if this plant is grown as a green manure. Brassica juncea has been found to have a high potential to remediate boron, selenium, cadmium, lead and zinc from polluted environments. 8,446 1,397 Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens Seed Industrial An oil is obtained from the seed. It can be used as hair oil and as lubricant.. 8,446 1,398 Calabash Fruit Food Immature fruit - cooked and used as a vegetable. They can be boiled, steamed, fried, used in curries or made into fritters. 8,448 1,399 Calabash Leaf Food Leaves and young shoots - cooked and used as a potherb. 8,448 1,400 Calabash Seed Food A vegetable curd, similar to tofu, can be made from the seed. 8,448 1,401 Calabash Seed Oil (Food) An edible oil is obtained from the seed. It is used for cooking. 8,448 1,402 Calabash Leaf Medicinal A poultice of the crushed leaves has been applied to the head to treat headaches. 8,448 1,403 Calabash Flower Medicinal The flowers are an antidote to poison. 8,448 1,404 Calabash Fruit Medicinal The juice of the fruit is used in the treatment of stomach acidity, indigestion and ulcers. 8,448 1,405 Calabash Seed Medicinal A poultice of the boiled seeds has been used in the treatment of boils. Taken with Achyranthes spp the seed is used to treat aching teeth and gums, boils etc. 8,448 1,406 Calabash Fruit Industrial The shell of well-ripened fruits is very hard and can be used for many purposes such as bottles, bowls, musical instruments etc. 8,448 1,407 Cat's Eye Fruit/Green Longan Fruit Food It is delicious eaten raw and can also be dried, preserved in syrup, cooked in sweet and sour dishes or in soups. 8,449 1,408 Cat's Eye Fruit/Green Longan Fruit Medicinal The flesh of the fruit is administered as a stomachic, febrifuge and vermifuge, and is regarded as an antidote for poison. A decoction of the dried flesh is taken as a tonic and treatment for insomnia and neurasthenic neurosis. 8,449 1,409 Cat's Eye Fruit/Green Longan Seed Medicinal The seeds are administered to counteract heavy sweating and the pulverized kernel, which contains saponin, tannin and fat, serves as a styptic. 8,449 1,410 Cat's Eye Fruit/Green Longan Seed Industrial The seeds, because of their saponin content, are used like soapberries (Sapindus saponaria L.) for shampooing the hair. 8,449 1,411 Cat's Eye Fruit/Green Longan Bark Industrial It is used for posts, agricultural implements, furniture, construction, shuttle pipes, bearings, textile weaving stands and rifle butts. 8,449 1,412 Red Chilli Fruit Food Capsicum fruits are consumed in fresh, dried or processed form. Hot pepper is processed into ketchup or spice mixtures for flavouring all kinds of food. Hot peppers are extensively pickled in salt and vinegar. 8,450 1,413 Red Chilli Fruit Industrial The red pigment extracted from ripe fruits is used as a natural colouring agent for food and cosmetics. 8,450 1,414 Red Chilli Leaf Food In some regions shoot tips and young leaves are eaten as a vegetable. 8,450 1,415 Red Chilli Fruit Medicinal Pungent peppers cause strong salivation, aid digestion and are laxative. It is also recommended for people suffering from amoeba infection and intestinal worms. In pure or processed form it is applied externally as a rubefacient and analgesic in cases of back-pain, rheumatism, articular and muscular pains and swollen feet, and antidote in cases of poisoning. 8,450 1,416 Red Chilli Fruit Medicinal Pungent peppers cause strong salivation, aid digestion and are laxative. It is also recommended for people suffering from amoeba infection and intestinal worms. In pure or processed form it is applied externally as a rubefacient and analgesic in cases of back-pain, rheumatism, articular and muscular pains and swollen feet, and antidote in cases of poisoning. 8,450 1,417 Red Chilli Leaf Medicinal The leaves are used as a dressing for wounds and sores, and the leaf sap is squeezed into the eyes against headache. The leaves are prepared as a potion to treat coughs and heart-pain. 8,450 1,418 Red Chilli Whole Ornamental Especially in Western countries bushy erect capsicum types with many small red or yellow fruits are popular as ornamental potplants. 8,450 1,419 Cocoa Seed Food The dried, fermented and roasted seeds of this plant, called cacao beans, are the source of cocoa, chocolate and cocoa butter. These are widely used in the confectionery industry to made chocolate confections, cakes, ice cream, drinks etc. 8,451 1,420 Cocoa Fruit Food The fruit contains about 20 - 40 seeds surrounded by a thin, succulent pulp with a slightly sweet flavour. This pulp is sucked as a sweet snack. It can be made into juices and jellies. 8,451 1,421 Cocoa Seed Medicinal The seed contains a range of medically active constituents including xanthines, a fixed oil and endorphins. It is a bitter, stimulant, diuretic herb that stimulates the nervous system, lowers blood pressure and dilates the coronary arteries. Cacao powder and butter are nutritive, the latter also soothes and softens damaged skin. 8,451 1,422 Cocoa Leaf Medicinal An infusion of the leaf buds is used with incense to treat diarrhoea. 8,451 1,423 Cocoa Pod Medicinal An infusion of the dry pods is used to decrease leprosy spots. 8,451 1,424 Cocoa Seed Industrial Cocoa-bean fat from unfermented cocoa beans can be extracted and used in soap making. Cacao butter, obtained from the seeds, is used in skin creams, cosmetics and as a suppository base. 8,451 1,425 Chinese Potato Tuber Food The aromatic tubers are eaten as a delicacy, cooked or steamed, often with rice, but sometimes raw. Young tubers (white) are often used in soups or in vegetable dishes. 8,447 1,426 Cucumber Fruit Food Fruit - raw or cooked. The cucumber is a common ingredient of salads, being valued mainly for its crisp texture and juiciness. 8,452 1,427 Chinese Potato Leaf Food Cooked leaves are eaten as a vegetable. 8,447 1,428 Cucumber Leaf Food Young leaves and stems - raw or cooked as a potherb. 8,452 1,429 Cucumber Seed Oil (Food) Oil from seed. Said to resemble olive oil, it is used in salad dressings and French cooking. 8,452 1,430 Cucumber Leaf Medicinal The leaf juice is emetic, it is used to treat dyspepsia in children. 8,452 1,431 Cucumber Fruit Medicinal The fresh fruit is used internally in the treatment of blemished skin, heat rash etc, whilst it is used externally as a poultice for burns, sores etc and also as a cosmetic for softening the skin. 8,452 1,432 Cucumber Seed Medicinal The seed is cooling, diuretic, tonic and vermifuge. 8,452 1,433 Cucumber Fruit Industrial The fruit is applied to the skin as a cleansing cosmetic to soften and whiten it. The juice is used in many beauty products. 8,452 1,434 Curry Leaf Whole Medicinal A decoction of the leaves, bark and roots is taken throughout Asia as a febrifuge, tonic, stimulant and a stomachic, but also to treat diarrhoea and dysentery and inflammation of the gums. The crushed bark and roots are used externally to treat skin eruptions and bites of poisonous animals. The fresh leaves are eaten to treat dysentery, and a leaf infusion is drunk to stop vomiting. 8,454 1,435 Curry Leaf Leaf Food The fresh or fried leaves are commonly used in flavouring vegetables and curry. 8,454 1,436 Curry Leaf Leaf Industrial The essential oil (curry leaf oil), obtained from the leaves by distillation, is used in the production of soap. 8,454 1,437 Curry Leaf Whole Ornamental Murraya koenigii is of aesthetic value due to its compound leaves and is therefore planted as a hedge and as an ornamental shrub. 8,454 1,438 Hoary Basil Leaf Food O. americanum, being mild in flavour, is extensively cultivated in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand for the young leaves, which are eaten raw as a vegetable side-dish. The fragrant leaves are also added to various dishes with a fishy or disagreeable smell 8,453 1,439 Hoary Basil Leaf Food In traditional medicine, hoary basil is used for several ailments. Decoctions are used for coughs, pounded leaves are placed on the forehead to relieve catarrh or on the chest for respiratory problems, the whole plant is used in baths to treat rheumatism, renal colic and calcifications. More recently, the plant has been listed as a potential medicine against cancer. 8,453 1,440 Hoary Basil Extract (oil) Industrial The essential oil of O. americanum is used in soap and cosmetics. It has been reported to exhibit fungitoxic properties (without phytotoxic side-effects). 8,453 1,441 Jering Seed Food Young seeds are often eaten raw. Generally the young seeds are believed to have a better flavour than older ones, though some people prefer to eat germinating mature seeds. 8,455 1,442 Jering Leaf Food Young leaves - cooked. The very young wine-red shoots are consumed raw as a vegetable. 8,455 1,443 Jering Flower Food Eaten as a vegetable. 8,455 1,444 Jering Seed Medicinal The seed is said to be good for relieving the symptoms of diabetes. 8,455 1,445 Jering Leaf Medicinal The old leaves, burnt to ashes, are used against itching. The ashes of young leaves are used as wound powder for cuts. 8,455 1,446 Jering Pod Industrial The pods have been used as a source of purple dye for silk. The pods are used as a shampoo. 8,455 1,447 Jering Bark Industrial The bark and leaves are used for dyeing matting black. To obtain this colour the mat is boiled with extract from the bark and then immersed in mud. 8,455 1,448 Jering Seed Industrial A reddish dye is obtained from the seeds. 8,455 1,449 Holy Basil Leaf Food Used in salads, they can also be cooked as a potherb or used as a flavouring in a variety of dishes. The leaves are sweetly spicy, with a sharp, pronounced clove scent and pungency. 8,456 1,450 Holy Basil Leaf Beverages A refreshing tea can be made from the leaves. 8,456 1,451 Holy Basil Leaf Beverages The plant is used internally in the treatment of feverish illnesses (especially in children), colds, influenza, sinusitis, headaches, rheumatism, arthritis, digestive disorders, including abdominal distension and cramps; low libido and negativity. The herb is used externally as an antiseptic to treat skin infections, spots etc. A pungently aromatic, warming, antiseptic herb; it induces perspiration; lowers fevers; relaxes spasms; eases pain; clears bacterial infections; strengthens the immune and nervous systems; reduces inflammations; and benefits the digestive system. 8,456 1,452 Holy Basil Extract (oil) Medicinal The essential oils from the leaf have shown antibacterial and antifungal activity. They contain methylchaviol, eugenol and other volatile, commercial oils. 8,456 1,453 Dokong Fruit Food The fruit is practically always eaten fresh out of hand, but seedless fruit may be bottled in syrup. 8,457 1,454 Dokong Bark Industrial The light-brown wood is tough and durable and used for house posts, tool handles, etc. 8,457 1,455 Holy Basil Extract (oil) Environmental The leaf extract is effective as a mosquito repellent and in checking the spread of the fungal pathogens Pyricularia oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani, which cause blast disease and sheath blight disease of rice, with antibacterial activity and deterrent effects against the larvae of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). 8,456 1,456 Dokong Fruit Medicinal The peel is also used against diarrhoea because it contains oleoresin. 8,457 1,457 Dokong Seed Medicinal Crushed seeds used by the indigenous people of Malaysia to cure fevers. 8,457 1,458 Dokong Bark Medicinal The astringent bark which is applied against dysentery and malaria; powdered bark is used in poultices against scorpion stings. 8,457 1,459 Long Purple Eggplant Fruit Food The fruit can be eaten fresh or after rehydration of dried slices. Most often the fruits are eaten grilled, fried or steamed, or stewed with other vegetables, meat or fish, or roasted, braised in ashes and seasoned with garlic, onion, spices, sugar, oil, soybean sauce etc. 8,458 1,460 Long Purple Eggplant Whole Medicinal Eggplant is also widely used for medicinal purposes. Various plant parts are used in decoction, as powder or ash for curing ailments such as diabetes, cholera, bronchitis, dysuria, dysentery, otitis, toothache, skin infections, asthenia and haemorrhoids. 8,458 1,461 Fig Plant Fruit Food The fig fruit is consumed fresh or dried. Both fresh female and male figs are processed as jam or candied. Fig paste is prepared by grinding dried fruits. 8,459 1,462 Fig Plant Fruit Feed (Forage/Fodder) Low quality cull figs are used as high-energy animal feed. 8,459 1,463 Fig Plant Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) Immediately after leaf fall, fig leaves can also be used to feed animals. 8,459 1,464 Fig Plant Leaf Medicinal Leaves have medicinal properties due to their bergaptene and psoralene content. 8,459 1,465 Fig Plant Fruit Industrial Fig fruits are known to have laxative properties. Latex, possessing the proteolytic enzyme ficin, is used as meat tenderizer. Fig latex has also been tested as an alternative to rubber. 8,459 1,466 Fig Plant Bark Industrial The wood of F. carica is used for light construction, industrial, and domestic woodware, as well as for making tool handles. 8,459 1,467 Wild Ginger Leaf Food The young leaves can be eaten raw, steamed, in curries or cooked with chilli paste and used as a side dish with rice. 8,463 1,468 Wild Ginger Rhizome Food The tender young rhizomes are aromatic, They can be eaten raw, steamed, in curries or cooked with chilli paste and used as a side dish with rice. The rhizomes can also be used as a condiment and, when dried, have been used as a substitute for turmeric in curry powder. 8,463 1,469 Wild Ginger Root Medicinal The root is used internally to treat colds, bronchial complaints, dyspepsia and other gastric complaints, and headaches. It is chewed to treat sore throats and coughs. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of high blood pressure and asthma. The roots are an ingredient of a post partum medicine. Externally, the root is applied as a poultice to wounds, swellings and ulcers, and is also used to treat dandruff and rheumatic joints. It is used as a gargle for sore throats. 8,463 1,470 Wild Ginger Leaf Medicinal The leaves are chewed to treat coughs and sore throat. 8,463 1,471 Wild Ginger Root Industrial The aromatic, powdered root is added to body powders and cosmetics. 8,463 1,472 Summer Savory Leaf Food Summer savory, either fresh or dried, is mainly used for flavouring. For the fresh product, all aerial plant parts are used, but for the dried herb, only leaves and flowering tips. The best class of commercial summer savory consists of dried leaves only. 8,464 1,473 Summer Savory Whole Industrial Summer savory contains an essential oil with a sharp and bitter flavour. At low concentrations only it is reminiscent of the herb itself. The oil is used in the food industry to flavour processed foods, and in the liqueur and perfume industries. 8,464 1,474 Summer Savory Whole Medicinal Summer savory is used in traditional medicine as a carminative, expectorant, astringent and tonic in the treatment of gastro-intestinal disorders (cramps, nausea, indigestion, diarrhoea), and sore throat, generally in the form of a tea. It has also been used as an aphrodisiac. Fresh summer savory is rubbed on the skin to treat insect bites, e.g. bee stings. 8,464 1,475 Clary Sage Leaf Food The leaves are used mainly as a flavouring in cooked foods. The leaves can be dipped in batter and cooked to make delicious fritters. 8,465 1,476 Clary Sage Whole Medicinal An antispasmodic and aromatic plant, it is used mainly to treat digestive problems such as wind and indigestion. It is also regarded as a tonic, calming herb that helps relieve period pain and pre-menstrual problems. The whole plant, and especially the leaves, is antispasmodic, appetizer, aromatic, astringent, balsamic, carminative, pectoral and tonic. 8,465 1,477 Indian Borage Leaf Food Occasionally used as a potherb. They are more commonly used as a flavouring in recipes that call for mixed herbs or oregano, and to spice dishes containing tomato sauces. A very strong, aromatic flavour, so it should be used sparingly. 8,466 1,478 Indian Borage Leaf Beverages A tea can be made from the leaves. 8,466 1,479 Indian Borage Whole Medicinal The antibacterial and antiseptic properties of the plant have been attributed to the presence of a number of compounds in the plant, including carvacrol, codeine, flavones, phenols, tannins and aromatic acids. The plant has been shown to have antimicrobial activity, and is reported to have antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus-1, and anti-HIV inhibition activity. 8,466 1,480 Indian Borage Extract (oil) Industrial The essential oil obtained from the leaves and stems is used as a skin conditioner in commercial cosmetic preparations. 8,466 1,481 Livingstone Potato Tuber Food The tuber is rich in starch. Boiled or roasted and eaten like sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas). The tubers can be dried and stored for winter use. 8,467 1,482 Livingstone Potato Whole Food A traditional treatment in India, the herb is used to treat a wide range of digestive problems including, wind, bloating and abdominal discomfort. It has an antispasmodic action, making it valuable in the treatment of respiratory complaints, including asthma and bronchitis. It is used as a remedy for headaches and is also said to be anthelmintic. 8,467 1,483 Pandan Wangi Leaf Food Throughout South-East Asia, they are used fresh in cooking to impart flavour and colour (chlorophyll) to rice, sweets, jellies and many other food products. 8,469 1,484 Pandan Wangi Leaf Industrial Freshly chopped leaves are mixed with the petals of various flowers to make potpourris. Leaves can be woven into small baskets. 8,469 1,485 Pandan Wangi Whole Ornamental Fragrant pandan has definite potential as an ornamental plant, in the garden as well as for interior decoration. 8,469 1,486 Pandan Wangi Leaf Medicinal Infusions of the leaves are used internally and externally as a sedative against restlessness. In Thailand it is a traditional medicine to treat diabetes. Powdered pandan leaves may be used against Callosobruchus chinensis infestation of mung-bean seeds. 8,469 1,487 Galangal Rhizome Food The slightly pungent rhizomes are used fresh or dried as a flavouring in a variety of dishes such as curries and soups. They are often used to replace ginger in recipes. 8,471 1,488 Galangal Root Oil (Food) An essential oil obtained from the root is used to flavour liqueurs such as Chartreuse and Angostura, as well as soft drinks. 8,471 1,489 Self-heal Leaf Food They can be used in salads, soups, stews etc. Somewhat bitter due to the presence of tannin in the leaves, though this can be removed by washing the leaves. 8,468 1,490 Galangal Flower Food The flowers and young shoots can be eaten raw, steamed as a vegetable, or used as a spice. The flowers and flower buds are eaten raw, they can also be steamed, pickled, added to soups, mixed with chilli paste etc. 8,471 1,491 Self-heal Leaf Beverages A cold water infusion of the freshly chopped or dried and powdered leaves is used as a refreshing beverage. 8,468 1,492 Galangal Fruit Food The red fruits are edible. They are used locally as a substitute for cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum). 8,471 1,493 Galangal Rhizome Medicinal The rhizome has a wide range of applications in traditional medicine. It is especially valued for its stimulating effect upon the digestive system, being used to treat conditions such as indigestion, colic and dysentery, whilst it is also used in the treatment of skin diseases, enlarged spleen, respiratory diseases, cancers of mouth and stomach, for treatment of systemic infections, cholera, and after childbirth. It is aphrodisiac, aromatic, bitter, digestive, expectorant, pungent herb that stimulates the digestive system. 8,471 1,494 Self-heal Whole Medicinal Self heal has a long history of folk use, especially in the treatment of wounds, ulcers, sores etc. It was also taken internally as a tea in the treatment of fevers, diarrhoea, sore mouth, internal bleeding etc. In Korea it is used to treat oedema, nephritis, scrofula and goitre. 8,468 1,495 Quinoa Leaf Food The young leaves are cooked like spinach. It is best not to eat large quantities of the raw leaves due it's toxicity. 2,088 1,496 Job's Tear Grain Food The grain can be substituted for rice in all foodstuffs. The grain can also be roasted before husking and then used in porridge, cakes, soups and other foods or in the preparation of sweets. 8,486 1,497 Job's Tear Grain Beverages Both alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks are prepared from it. A beer made from the pounded grain is popular among Indian hill tribes and in the Philippines. 8,486 1,498 Job's Tear Grain Feed (Forage/Fodder) The whole grain and the bran are fed to poultry and the flour can replace maize flour in poultry feed. Job’s tears is often given as a fodder, especially for cattle and horses. 8,486 1,499 Job's Tear Grain Medicinal The grain and flour of Job’s tears are easily digestible and given to people in weak condition. They are believed to have medicinal value with diuretic, depurative, anti-inflammatory and antitumour activity. 8,486 1,500 Job's Tear Leaf Medicinal A decoction of the leaves is drunk against headache, rheumatism and diabetes. 8,486 1,501 Job's Tear Stem Medicinal Sap of the stem is applied against insect bites. 8,486 1,502 Job's Tear Root Medicinal A decoction of the roots is used as a vermifuge and to treat dysentery, gonorrhoea and menstrual disorders. 8,486 1,503 Job's Tear Fruit Industrial Almost everywhere where Job’s tears grows, the decorative, hard-shelled false fruits of the wild types are used as beads for necklaces, rosaries, rattles, curtains etc. 8,486 1,504 Job's Tear Flower Industrial The whole inflorescence is sometimes used in dried flower arrangements. 8,486 1,505 Gemsbok Bean (Tylosema esculentum) Seed Food The seeds are eaten boiled or roasted. They may be boiled with maize meal or ground into flour to prepare a porridge or a coffee- or cocoa-like drink. 8,487 1,506 Gemsbok Bean (Tylosema esculentum) Seed Oil (Food) The seed oil is used in Botswana for cooking and for making butter. 8,487 1,507 Gemsbok Bean (Tylosema esculentum) Tuber Oil (Food) Young tubers are eaten baked, boiled or roasted, as a vegetable dish. Tubers older than 2 years become fibrous and bitter and are usually not eaten, but they are an important emergency source of water for humans and animals. 8,487 1,508 Gemsbok Bean (Tylosema esculentum) Pod Feed (Forage/Fodder) The pods and tubers are recorded to be eaten by animals. 8,487 1,509 Gemsbok Bean (Tylosema esculentum) Pod Ornamental Marama bean may have potential as a ground cover or ornamental. 8,487 1,510 Niger Seed Seed Food The seed is eaten fried, used as a condiment or dried then ground into a powder and mixed with flour etc to make sweet cakes. 5,707 1,511 Niger Seed Seed Oil (Food) The seeds yield about 30% of a clear, excellent, slow-drying edible oil. It is used as a substitute for olive oil, can be mixed with linseed oil, and is used as an adulterant for rape oil, sesame oil etc. 5,707 1,512 Niger Seed Seed Medicinal The oil from the seeds is used in the treatment of rheumatism. It is also applied to treat burns. A paste of the seeds is applied as a poultice in the treatment of scabies. 5,707 1,513 Fonio Forage (dry) Industrial The straw is also used as fuel for cooking or to produce ash for potash. 8,488 1,514 Jicama Yam Bean Root Food Edible root - raw or cooked. Crisp, sweet and juicy, it tastes somewhat like an apple when raw and a water chestnut when cooked. It also stays crisp after being cooked, which makes it a popular substitute for water chestnuts in Chinese cooking. A starch extracted from the root is used in custards and puddings. 5,575 1,515 Jicama Yam Bean Pod Food Young seedpods - cooked and used as a vegetable. They must be thoroughly cooked in order to destroy the poisonous principle rotenone. 5,575 1,516 Malabar Spinach Root Medicinal The roots are astringent. They are cooked and used in the treatment of diarrhoea. A paste of the root is applied to swellings and is also used as a rubefacient. 6,481 1,517 Malabar Spinach Leaf Medicinal The leaves and stems are cooked and eaten for their laxative properties. The leaf juice is a demulcent, used in cases of dysentery. It is also diuretic, febrifuge and laxative. The leaf juice is used in Nepal to treat catarrh. A paste of the leaves is applied externally to treat boils and sores. 6,481 1,518 Malabar Spinach Flower Medicinal The flowers are used as an antidote to poisons. 6,481 1,519 Malabar Spinach Fruit Medicinal The red juice of the fruit is used as eye drops to treat conjunctivitis. 6,481 1,520 Malabar Spinach Fruit Industrial A red dye is obtained from the juice of the fruits. It has been used as a rouge, an ink, for colouring foods and also as a dye for official seals. 6,481 1,521 Chayote Whole Food Its immature fruits, young leaves and shoots, and tuberous roots are all consumed. 2,689 1,522 Chayote Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) Fruits, shoots and tubers are also used as fodder and forage for pigs, poultry and cattle. 2,689 1,523 Chayote Stem Fibre Fibres of the stem are used locally to make hats and baskets. 2,689 1,524 Malabar Spinach (Basella rubra) Leaf Food Ceylon spinach is listed as food plant of the Philippine, where it is boiled and eaten like spinach. 6,349 1,525 Malabar Spinach (Basella rubra) Leaf Medicinal The purpled leaves are used in both India and Malaya to poultice sore. 6,349 1,526 Machurian Wild Rice Grain Food Grains of Z. latifolia have been used for food, sometimes in the form of flour. 8,496 1,527 Machurian Wild Rice Rhizome Medicinal The culms, rhizomes and grains are prescribed during fevers for their cooling, diuretic, and thirst-relieving properties. The ash of the rhizomes mixed with white of egg is an ointment for burns. 8,496 1,528 African Rice Grain Food In parts of West Africa the grain of African rice is a staple food. 8,498 1,529 African Rice Grain Feed (Forage/Fodder) The finer parts of the bran and broken grains are given as feed to chicken and other livestock. 8,498 1,530 Quinoa Grain Food Quinoa grain can be cooked (boiled) in the same manner as rice and provides a tasty, fluffy, chewy food with nutlike flavour. It can be added to soups, stews or "tamales". Quinoa grain can be used as a breakfast cereal or it can be ground to make porridge or flour and is then used in bakery to make, breads, pancakes, pastries and biscuits. It can partially replace wheat in loaf breads. Being gluten-free, quinoa grain is included in many food recipes intended for people with celiac disease (gluten intolerance) and is well accepted by consumers. 2,039 1,531 Taro (Cocoyam) Tuber Food They can be boiled, baked, fried etc in much the same way as potatoes. They can be used in savoury dishes such as soups and curries, or in sweet dishes with coconut milk, sugar etc. They can also be dried and then grated to make a flour. 2,382 1,532 Quinoa Whole Medicinal The leaves, stems and grain have medicinal uses. 2,039 1,533 Quinoa Forage (fresh) Feed (Forage/Fodder) Leaves, seeds and crop residues from grain harvesting and milling can be fed to livestock. 2,039 1,534 Black Nightshade Leaf Medicinal The plants are used as an emollient and analgesic to treat itch, burns and neuralgic pains, and are also considered to be expectorant and laxative. The leaves are said to have sedative and healing properties and are applied to cuts, ulcers, wounds, inflammations and skin diseases. An extract of the leaves and stem is used for treating dropsy, heart diseases, piles, gonorrhoea, fevers, eye diseases and chronic enlargement of liver and spleen. 8,500 1,535 Blue Clitoria Pod Food The young pods are eaten as a vegetable. 8,501 1,536 Blue Clitoria Flower Food The flowers are used to give a blue tinge to rice cakes and boiled rice. 8,501 1,537 Blue Clitoria Leaf Food Young leaves are cooked and used as a vegetable. 8,501 1,538 Blue Clitoria Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) Butterfly pea has a reputation as a potential fodder plant, hay or cover crop. 8,501 1,539 Blue Clitoria Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) Butterfly pea has a reputation as a potential fodder plant, hay or cover crop. 8,501 1,540 Blue Clitoria Whole Medicinal The plant is used in the treatment of snakebites. 8,501 1,541 Blue Clitoria Flower Medicinal The flowers are mixed with water in a preparation used to treat eye problems. 8,501 1,542 Blue Clitoria Root Medicinal The roots are bitter, powerfully cathartic, diuretic and purgative. 8,501 1,543 Celosia Leaf Food Celosia is primarily used as a leafy vegetable. The leaves and tender stems are cooked into soups, sauces or stews with various ingredients. Celosia leaves are tender and break down easily when cooked only briefly. The young inflorescences are also eaten as a potherb. 8,504 1,544 Celosia Whole Medicinal The whole plant is used as an antidote for snakebites and the roots to treat colic, gonorrhoea and eczema. 8,504 1,545 Celosia Leaf Medicinal In China, the leaves are used as medicine in the treatment of infected sores, wounds and skin eruptions. 8,504 1,546 Celosia Seed Medicinal The seeds are used as medicine for diarrhoea, and in Ethiopia the flowers to treat dysentery and muscle troubles. in China and Japan seed extracts have traditionally been used as a therapeutic drug for eye and hepatic diseases. 8,504 1,547 Celosia Whole Ornamental Forms with fasciated, yellow to red inflorescences are widely grown as a bedding plant in gardens and also used as cut flowers. 8,504 1,548 Celosia Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) Celosia can also be used as a livestock feed. 8,504 1,549 Love-Lies-Bleeding Whole Ornamental Amaranthus caudatus is widely grown as an ornamental. 2,062 1,550 Love-Lies-Bleeding Seed Food Amaranthus caudatus seeds are toasted and popped, ground into flour or boiled for gruel. For making leavened foods, they must be blended with wheat. 2,062 1,551 Purple Amaranth Grain Food Amaranthus cruentus was domesticated as a pseudo-cereal (grain amaranth) in Central America. Amaranthus cruentus with yellowish white or pale brown seed, is traditionally grown as a cereal crop in Latin America (e.g. Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Colombia). Since colonial times, it has been successfully introduced as a pseudo-cereal in India and Nepal, in mountain areas as well as at lower elevation, and it has become well established as a popular food plant. 2,038 1,552 Purple Amaranth Flower Industrial A red dye can be obtained from the inflorescences. 2,038 1,553 Black Mulberry Fruit Food Eaten raw, cooked or used in preserves 8,548 1,554 Black Mulberry Leaf Medicinal Antibacterial, astringent, diaphoretic, hypoglycaemic, odontalgic and ophthalmic. They are taken internally in the treatment of colds, influenza, eye infections and nosebleeds. 8,548 1,555 Black Mulberry Stem Medicinal Antirheumatic, diuretic, hypotensive and pectoral. A tincture of the bark is used to relieve toothache 8,548 1,556 Black Mulberry Bark Medicinal Antitussive, diuretic, expectorant and hypotensive. It is used internally in the treatment of asthma, coughs, bronchitis, oedema, hypertension and diabetes. 8,548 1,557 Black Mulberry Bark Medicinal Anthelmintic and purgative, it is used to expel tape worms 8,548 1,558 Black Mulberry Fruit Medicinal Has s tonic effect on kidney energy. It is used in the treatment of urinary incontinence, tinnitus, premature greying of the hair and constipation in the elderly. Its main use in herbal medicine is as a colouring and flavouring in other medicines 8,548 1,559 Black Mulberry Leaf Medicinal A homeopathic remedy is made from the leaves. It is used in the treatment of diabetes 8,548 1,560 Black Mulberry Whole Environmental planted for a windbreak 8,548 1,561 Black Mulberry Whole Ornamental As an ornamental and living fence 8,548 1,562 Black Mulberry Wood Industrial The wood is used for fuel and used in joinery. 8,548 1,563 Star Gooseberry Leaf Food Eaten raw or cooked 8,518 1,564 Star Gooseberry Fruit Food Ripe fruits can be made into sweetmeats 8,518 1,565 Star Gooseberry Leaf Industrial A green dye, obtained from the leaves, is used for food dyeing 8,518 1,566 Star Gooseberry Leaf Medicinal The leaves are used as a medicine for coughs and to soothe the lungs, as a tonic, and as a febrifugal to relieve internal fever 8,518 1,567 Star Gooseberry Whole Environmental They are commonly grown as a living fence or to shade vegetable cultures 8,518 1,568 Star Gooseberry Leaf Medicinal The leaves are used as a medicine for coughs and to soothe the lungs, as a tonic, and as a febrifugal to relieve internal fever 8,518 1,569 Marrow Fruit Food Eaten cooked 5,680 1,570 Marrow Fruit Medicinal The fruit pulp is used as a decoction to relieve intestinal inflammation 8,553 1,571 Marrow Leaf Medicinal The leaves are applied externally to burns 8,553 1,572 Marrow Seed Medicinal Treat hypertrophy of the prostate 8,553 1,573 Marrow Seed Medicinal The complete seed, together with the husk, is used to remove tapeworms 8,553 1,574 Marrow Leaves and petioles Food Cooked as a potherb 8,553 1,575 Marrow Seed Food Seed can also be ground into a powder and mixed with cereals for making bread 8,553 1,576 Marrow Seed Food Eaten raw or cooked 8,553 1,577 Cabbage-tree Leaf Food Raw or cooked and eaten as a vegetable 8,532 1,578 Cabbage-tree Flower Food Cooked and eaten as a vegetable 8,532 1,579 Cabbage-tree Bark Medicinal Chewed as a treatment against coughs, and is also used to make fortifying soups[ 8,532 1,580 Cabbage-tree Leaf Medicinal Used as a remedy against leprosy. They are also used to treat hypertension, retained placenta, asthma, colds, as an anthelmintic, to induce vomiting and to promote wound healing. The leaves of certain trees of this species are renowned for their effectiveness against diarrhoea. 8,532 1,581 Cabbage-tree Root Medicinal The smoke of burning roots is used as a treatment for epilepsy. The smoke is said to be inhaled by women in Sudan during a difficult labour 8,532 1,582 Cabbage-tree Leaf Medicinal Used as a cure for malaria, stomach problems and diabetes 8,532 1,583 Cabbage-tree Root Medicinal Used as a cure for malaria, stomach problems and diabetes 8,532 1,584 Cabbage-tree Whole Environmental Used as a living fence 8,532 1,585 Smooth Loofah Fruit Industrial The dry fruit of can be used as a sponge 8,350 1,586 Smooth Loofah Fruit Food Young green fruits can be boiled and eaten as a vegetable. 8,350 1,587 Vegetable Fern Leaf Food A decoction of the leaves is used as a tonic for women after they have given birth 8,544 1,588 Vegetable Fern Leaves and petioles Food The very young leaves are eaten as lalab (a vegetable salad served with sambal) with rice. The young fronds are boiled and used as a vegetable 8,544 1,589 Potherb Fameflower Leaf Food Eaten raw in salads or cooked 8,543 1,590 Potherb Fameflower Flower Food Eaten raw in salads or cooked 8,543 1,591 Potherb Fameflower Root Medicinal A tonic is made from the fleshy root 8,543 1,592 Bitter Gourd Fruit Industrial 8,444 1,593 Quinoa Grain Beverages Low glycemic index and increased protein content in a novel quinoa milk was determined. Fermented milk supplemented with quinoa flour was done. 8,559 1,594 Breadfruit Fruit Food Eaten raw or cooked. 8,519 1,595 Breadfruit Seed Food Cooked. Firm and close-textured, they are very nutritious, with a flavour somewhat reminiscent of chestnuts 8,519 1,596 Breadfruit Bark Medicinal The bark is used to treat headache. Bark extracts exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against leukaemia cells in tissue culture, and extracts from roots and stem barks showed some antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and may have potential in treating tumours 8,519 1,597 Breadfruit Flower Food Male inflorescence, Cooked and used as a vegetable or used in the preparation of a sweetmeat 8,519 1,598 Breadfruit Flower Medicinal The toasted flowers are rubbed on the gums around aching teeth to ease pain. An extract from the flowers is effective in treating ear oedema 8,519 1,599 Breadfruit Leaf Medicinal yellowing leaf is brewed into a tea and taken to reduce high blood pressure. The tea is also thought to control diabetes 8,519 1,600 Breadfruit Root Medicinal Pressed fluid of the root is used in the treatment of respiratory ailments which include difficult, painful breathing. When macerated it is used as a poultice for skin ailments. 8,519 1,601 Breadfruit Fruit Medicinal Fluid pressed from young fruit is given to treat an illness which causes pain in the lungs and vomiting of blood 8,519 1,602 Avocado Fruit Food Consumption of the fruit is most often as an uncooked savoury dish mixed with herbs and/or spices, as an ingredient of vegetable salads, or as a sweetened dessert (Indonesia, the Philippines). 8,581 1,603 Avocado Fruit Industrial The oil is used by the cosmetic industry in soaps and skin moisturizer products. 8,581 1,604 Passionfruit Fruit Food The fruit may be eaten fresh, but mostly the pulp is extracted and preserved by heating or cooling. 8,593 1,605 Passionfruit Fruit Beverages The juice has a unique and intense flavor and high acidity which makes it a natural concentrate. When sweetened and diluted it is very palatable and blends well with other fruit juices. 8,593 1,606 Jicama Yam Bean Root Industrial An extract of the root is used as an ingredient in commercial cosmetic preparations as a skin conditioner. 8,673 1,607 Indian Mulberry Fruit Food The unripe fruit is used in Indian cooking in sambals and curries. 8,674 1,608 Indian Mulberry Fruit Beverages The ripe fruit is made into a beverage with sugar or syrup. 8,674 1,609 Indian Mulberry Leaf Food Young leaves and blanched shoots can be consume raw, steamed or added to curries. 8,674 1,610 Indian Mulberry Fruit Medicinal The fruits are used as a diuretic, a laxative, an emollient and as an emmenagogue, for treating asthma and other respiratory problems, as a treatment for arthritic and comparable inflammations, in cases of leucorrhoea and sapraemia and for maladies of the inner organs 8,674 1,611 Indian Mulberry Root Industrial A red dye is obtained from the root bark. The basis of the morindone dyeing matter, called Turkish red, is the hydrolysed (red) form of the glycoside morindin. This is the most abundant anthraquinone which is mainly found in the root bark. 8,674 1,612 Pineapple Guava Fruit Food The fruit is best eaten raw but it can also be made into pies, cakes, puddings, jams, jellies 8,722 1,613 Pineapple Guava Root Environmental The shallow root system holds the soil and prevents erosion 8,722 1,614 Pineapple Guava Wood Industrial The wood is moderately heavy, compact, elastic, splits easily, very durable even in adverse conditions which can be used for small works. 8,722 1,615 Paddy Seed Food It is usually either boiled or steamed and can be eaten in a wide variety of both savory and sweet dishes. 8,774 1,616 Paddy Seed Medicinal The seeds are taken internally in the treatment of urinary dysfunction. 8,774 1,617 Paddy Seed Industrial Rice starch it is also used in cosmetics, laundering starch and textiles 8,774 1,618 Paddy Whole (without root) Industrial Rice straw is used for weaving into hats, shoes, etc. It is also used for making and repairing thatched houses in Bangladesh, Nepal and India and also used for construction of grain storage structures, ropes, packaging material and bags in India. 8,774 1,619 Fava (Faba) Bean Whole (without root) Feed (Forage/Fodder) Faba bean is a multipurpose crop used for both food and fodder (hay, silage and straw). 8,775 1,620 Fava (Faba) Bean Seed Food Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a legume crop grown primarily for its edible seeds (beans). Faba bean is a major legume seed consumed by humans worldwide 8,775 1,621 Fava (Faba) Bean Seed Medicinal Said to be used for diuretic, expectorant, and tonic. 8,775 1,622 Bambara Groundnut Seed Food Bambara groundnut is grown primarily for its seeds, which are used in many types of foods, some of which are an important part of the diet and play a role in traditional ceremonies (e.g. funeral rites) and gift exchanges. Mature, dry seeds are boiled and eaten as a pulse. 8,777 1,623 Bambara Groundnut Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) The seeds are fed to pigs and poultry, and the leafy shoots are used as fodder. 8,777 1,624 Bambara Groundnut Leaf Medicinal In Senegal leaf preparations are applied to abscesses and infected wounds, leaf sap is applied to the eyes to treat epilepsy. 8,777 1,625 Potato Tuber Food Potatoes are a very versatile food that can be used in a wide variety of ways. 8,776 1,626 Bambara Groundnut Root Medicinal The roots are sometimes taken as an aphrodisiac. 8,777 1,627 Bambara Groundnut Seed Medicinal Pounded seeds mixed with water are administered to treat cataracts. The Igbo in Nigeria use the plant to treat venereal diseases. 8,777 1,628 Potato Tuber Food The cooked potato can also be dried and made into a powder and then used as a thickener in soups. 8,776 1,629 Potato Tuber Medicinal A juice made from the tubers, when taken in moderation, can be helpful in the treatment of peptic ulcers, bringing relief from pain and acidity. A poultice has been made from boiling potatoes in water and applied as hot as can be to rheumatic joints, swellings, skin rashes, haemorrhoids 8,776 1,630 Potato Tuber Industrial The tubers are a source of starch that is used in sizing cotton and to make industrial alcohol. 8,776 1,631 Potato Tuber Industrial Emollient and cleansing face masks are made from potatoes, these are used to treat hard, greasy and wrinkled skins. 8,776 1,632 Sweet Potato Tuber Food Sweet potato are used mainly for human consumption in most tropical countries. 8,751 1,633 Rhubarb Stem Food Leaf stem can be eaten raw or cooked. An acid flavour, they are used as a fruit substitute in tarts etc. 8,778 1,634 Sweet Potato Tuber Feed (Forage/Fodder) Sweet potato are used as feed. 8,751 1,635 Sweet Potato Tuber Industrial In temperate Asia is produced for industrial purposes, mainly for starch and alcohol. 8,751 1,636 Rhubarb Root Medicinal Rhubarb has a long and proven history of herbal usage, its main effect being a positive and balancing effect upon the whole digestive system. It is one of the most widely used herbs in Chinese medicine. The root is anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitumor, aperient, astringent, cholagogue, demulcent, diuretic, laxative, purgative, stomachic and tonic 8,778 1,637 Sweet Potato Leaf Food Young shoots are often consumed as a green vegetable. 8,751 1,638 Fig-leaved Gourd Fruit Food Fig-leaf gourd is mainly grown for its large fruits. The tender immature fruits are used like summer squash or cucumber. 8,779 1,639 Fig-leaved Gourd Leaf Food The young leaves and vine tips may be prepared as a green vegetable. 8,779 1,640 Fig-leaved Gourd Whole Ornamental Fig-leaf gourd is also cultivated for its ornamental watermelon-like fruits and abundant foliage. 8,779 1,641 Fig-leaved Gourd Flower Food The male flowers and buds are used in soups, stews and salads. 8,779 1,642 Jerusalem Artichoke Tuber Food Edible tuber which is served as a vegetable dish. 8,767 1,643 Jerusalem Artichoke Tuber Feed (Forage/Fodder) Pigs, chickens and rabbits relish the raw tubers. The fresh foliage may serve as a forage, mainly for horses, mules and ruminants. 8,767 1,644 Fig-leaved Gourd Fruit Beverages The flesh of the mature fruits is often impregnated with sugar, and the resulting product used as candy or "dulce". It may also be fermented to make an alcoholic beverage. 8,779 1,645 Jerusalem Artichoke Whole (without root) Ornamental Early-flowering cultivars are popular as ornamentals. 8,767 1,646 Common Wheat Grain Food Fine ground, it is the source of flour for the world's breadmaking. 5,301 1,647 Common Wheat Grain Beverages Grain also is the source of alcoholic beverages. 5,301 1,648 Common Wheat Seed (dry) Feed (Forage/Fodder) Bran from flour milling also an important livestock feed; germ is valuable addition to feed concentrate. 5,301 1,649 Jerusalem Artichoke Tuber Medicinal H. tuberosus have aperient, aphrodisiac, cholagogue, diuretic, spermatogenic, stomachic, and tonic effects and has been utilized as a folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism. 8,780 1,650 Jerusalem Artichoke Tuber Industrial H. tuberosus tubers are an important source of fructose for industry. It can be used to make sweetening and inulin-rich floury products. 8,780 1,651 Common Wheat Whole (without root) Feed (Forage/Fodder) Wheat grown for grain crop is also used for pasture before the stems elongate and as a temporary pasturage; it is nutritious and palatable 5,301 1,652 Common Wheat Seed Medicinal The seeds are used in folk remedies for cancers, corns, tumors, warts, and whitlow. Reported to be antivinous, bilious, demulcent, discutient, diuretic, emollient, excipient, intoxicant, laxative, useful as a poultice, restorative, sedative, used as a shampoo and vulnerary 5,301 1,653 Common Wheat Forage (dry) Industrial Straw made into mats, carpets, baskets, and used for packing material, cattle bedding, and paper manufacturing. 5,301 1,654 Hausa Potato Whole Ornamental Arrow arum can be used as an ornamental in water or bog gardens. 8,782 1,655 Hausa Potato Whole Environmental Because its root masses often knit together, arrow arum has been used to stabilize submersed sediments. The foliage and stems form a wavedeflecting barrier, and the foliage also provides cover for waterfowl, wading birds, aquatic mammals, and insects. 8,782 1,656 Hausa Potato Tuber Food Native Americans used the dried, pulverized roots as flour for bread. 8,782 1,657 Hausa Potato Fruit Feed (Forage/Fodder) The berries are a food source for wood ducks, king rails, mallards, muskrats, and certain turtles. 8,782 1,658 Endive Leaf Food Endive is most commonly eaten as a fresh green in salads, for which curly-leaved types are often preferred. Plants for salads are sometimes blanched to reduce bitterness. Endive is used as a substitute for lettuce in the tropics as it is more resistant to diseases. 8,781 1,659 Hausa Potato Fruit Food The fruit was sometimes cooked and eaten like peas. 8,782 1,660 Endive Leaf Medicinal The plant is used as a resolvent and cooling medicine, and in the treatment of bilious complaints. It has a similar but milder effect to chicory (Cichorium intybus) and so is a very beneficial tonic to the liver and digestive system. 8,781 1,661 Maize Grain Feed (Forage/Fodder) Feed for livestock and poultry, particularly in the industrialized countries of the temperate zones, providing over twothirds of the total trade in feed grains 8,783 1,662 Maize Grain Industrial Most industrial products are usually obtained by the wetmilling process, in which the grain is steeped, after which the germ and bran are separated from the endosperm. The main product is starch. Oil obtained from the germ is made into soap or glycerine. 8,783 1,663 Hemp/Marijuana 'var. indica' Whole Medicinal Plants are generally cultivated for active ingredients with intoxicating effects in humans; tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabidiol (CBD). 8,788 1,664 Hemp/Marijuana Whole Medicinal Plants are generally cultivated for active ingredients with intoxicating effects in humans; tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabidiol (CBD). 8,788 1,665 Hemp/Marijuana Whole (without root) Fibre Fibres are used to make ropes, canvas and fishnets. 8,789 1,666 Green Arrow Arum Fruit Feed (Forage/Fodder) The berries are eaten by the Wood Duck, Mallard, and King Rail. 8,791 1,667 Fig-leaved Gourd Seed Medicinal The seed complete with the husk is ground into a flour that is made into an emulsion with water and taken as a vermifuge 8,792 1,668 Fig-leaved Gourd Fruit Medicinal Fig-leaved gourd consumption by diabetic patients has a hypoglycaemic effect, making it an appropriate medicine against diabetes mellitus 8,792 1,669 Paper Mulberry Bark Fibre Fibre from the inner bark of paper mulberry has been used to make paper and textile fabric for clothing. 8,798 1,670 Paper Mulberry Bark Industrial The timber is used for furniture, crates, pallets, picture frames and plywood. 8,798 1,671 Paper Mulberry Leaf Food The young leaves are eaten as a steamed vegetable. 8,798 1,672 Paper Mulberry Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) The leaves are fed to livestock in Ghana, to pigs in Indo-China and to silkworms in China. 8,798 1,673 Paper Mulberry Leaf Medicinal The leaves are used as a laxative and a diaphoretic. 8,798 1,674 Paper Mulberry Fruit Medicinal The fruit used as pectoral, stomachic and tonic. 8,798 1,675 Paper Mulberry Bark Medicinal The bark is taken against dysentery and haemorrhage and the latex applied externally to treat snake- and dog-bites and bee stings. 8,798 1,676 Paper Mulberry Root Medicinal The root bark is used for the depigmentation of the skin. 8,798 1,677 Paper Mulberry Whole Environmental It can fix soils and preventing further erosion due to its dichotomous root system. When growing in areas polluted by heavy metals it has been shown to concentrate these metals in its tissues. It makes a good shelterbelt and windbreak 8,799 1,678 Paper Mulberry Seed Industrial An oil from the seeds is used in soap and lacquer oil production. 8,799 1,679 Paper Mulberry Whole Industrial The tree (part not specified) produces a natural green to yellow-green dye. 8,799 1,680 Moringa Leaf Food The leaves are eaten as a salad, cooked, and in soups and sauces. 8,813 1,681 Moringa Flower Food Flowers are sometimes eaten as a vegetable, added to sauces or used to make tea. 8,813 1,682 Moringa Fruit Food The young fruits are eaten as a vegetable (‘drumsticks’ or ‘bâtons mouroungue’), older fruits are added to sauces. 8,813 1,683 Guava Fruit Food The fruit of the guava is highly valued and used in a number of different ways. It is very high in vitamin C, and also contains large amounts of vitamin A . The fruit can be eaten raw, but uncooked guavas are usually sliced and used in salads or desserts. 8,818 1,684 Guava Fruit Beverages Guava juice and guava nectar are popular beverages, while guava syrup can be used to flavour desserts. Green guavas can also be used as a source of pectin, while small and overripe fruit are utilised as a source of ascorbic acid for various foods and drinks. 8,818 1,685 Guava Wood Industrial The wood of the guava tree is yellow to red, and is suitable for carpentry and turnery. It can also be used as a fuelwood, and to make charcoal. The wood also serves for use as fenceposts and tool handles on farm implements. The bark is used for tanning hides, while the leaves produce a black dye. 8,818 1,686 Guava Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) Goats and sheep can be used for control, as they graze leaves and strip the bark. 8,818 1,687 Dogfruit Leaf Medicinal The leaves are applied externally to cuts and scabies. 8,828 1,688 Dogfruit Wood Industrial The wood is used for light construction, furniture, cabinet work, canoes. 8,828 1,689 Dogfruit Seed Food A. jiringa beans are usually consumed raw, roasted or fried and are available on market most of the year. 8,828 1,690 Akee Fruit Food Mature seed arils are eaten. They are not largely consumed in Africa, but considered a delicacy in some other parts of the world where Blighia sapida has been introduced. Ackee is also the national fruit of Jamaica. 8,832 1,691 Akee Wood Industrial Wood of Blighia sapida, known as ‘achin’ or ‘tsana’, is mainly used for light construction and furniture, but sometimes also for casks, boxes, crates, food containers, packing cases, tool handles, paddles, pestles, mortars, handicrafts, carving and turnery. It is suitable for interior trim, joinery and railway sleepers. In Ghana, it is used as a substitute for niangon (Heritiera utilis (Sprague) Sprague). The wood is also used as firewood and for charcoal production. 8,832 1,692 Akee Bark Medicinal Bark and leaf decoctions are administered to treat oedema, intercostal pain, dysentery and diarrhoea. 8,832 1,693 Moringa Seed Environmental The whole or pounded seeds have long been used to purify water in Sudan. 8,813 1,694 Moringa Seed Food The fried seeds are eaten in Nigeria and are said to taste like groundnuts. 8,813 1,695 Moringa Seed Oil (Food) The seed oil, known as ‘Ben oil’ or ‘Behen oil’, can be used for cooking. 8,813 1,696 Moringa Seed Industrial ‘Moringa acid oil’, consisting of fatty acids from the seed oil, is used as a lubricant and to make soap. 8,813 1,697 Moringa Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) The leaves are eaten by livestock, especially goats, camels and donkeys. 8,813 1,698 Moringa Bark Industrial The soft wood burns smoke-free and yields a blue dye. 8,813 1,699 Moringa Whole Medicinal The horseradish tree is a nutritious, diuretic, laxative herb that is expectorant, increases milk flow, controls bacterial infections and is rubefacient when applied topically 8,833 1,700 Moringa Leaf Beverages Moringa tea is made from the leaves of the Moringa oleifera plant. 8,835 1,701 Soursop Fruit Food 8,836 1,702 Soursop Fruit Medicinal 8,836 1,703 Pomegranate Fruit Food A multipurpose tree, it is particularly valued for its edible fruit. 8,843 1,704 Pomegranate Fruit Medicinal The juice of the fruit is used to treat jaundice and diarrhoea 8,843 1,705 Pomegranate Fruit Industrial A red dye is obtained from the flowers and also from the rind of unripened fruits. 8,843 1,706 Pomegranate Whole Environmental A deep rooting tree, it is important in soil erosion control, and is planted along rivers to stabilize banks 8,843 1,707 Cherry Guava Fruit Food The fruit can be used in jellies, jams, custards, drinks etc. 8,845 1,708 Cherry Guava Root Medicinal The roots are astringent, diuretic. They have been recommended as an effective treatment for haemorrhages. 8,845 1,709 Cherry Guava Whole Ornamental 8,845 1,710 Cherry Guava Bark Industrial The wood is used for lathe work, tool handles and for objects that require much resistance. 8,845 1,711 Pitahaya Fruit Food It is frequently cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas (especially America), both for its edible fruit. 8,846 1,712 Pitahaya Whole Ornamental It is frequently cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas (especially America), both for its edible fruit, which is often sold in American markets, and as an ornamental. 8,846 1,713 Argan Seed Food 9,301 1,714 Argan Fruit Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,302 1,715 Argan Wood Industrial 9,302 1,716 Argan Fruit Oil (Food) 9,303 1,717 Cole's Wattle Seed Food 9,304 1,718 Cole's Wattle Seed Beverages 9,304 1,719 Cole's Wattle Bark Medicinal 9,304 1,720 Silver Sagebrush Whole (without root) Food 9,305 1,721 Silver Sagebrush Whole (without root) Medicinal 9,305 1,722 Corn Rocket Leaf Food Leaves and young stems can be eaten raw or cooked 9,306 1,723 Mugnoli/Wild Cabbage Leaf Food 9,307 1,724 Chickpea Seed (dry) Food 9,308 1,725 Chickpea Seed Beverages 9,309 1,726 Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) Wood Industrial 9,311 1,727 Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,312 1,728 Prince's Feather Leaf Food 9,314 1,729 Prince's Feather Whole Industrial 9,314 1,730 Gum-arabic Bark Food 9,315 1,731 Gum-arabic Pod (fresh) Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,315 1,732 Gum-arabic Bark Fibre 9,316 1,733 Carob Seed Food 9,317 1,734 Carob Seed Beverages 9,317 1,735 Carob Pod Medicinal 9,317 1,736 Carob Pod Industrial 9,317 1,737 Turpentine Tree Seed Food 9,319 1,738 Turpentine Tree Whole Industrial 9,319 1,739 Mastic Tree Bark Food 9,320 1,740 Mastic Tree Bark Medicinal 9,320 1,741 Mastic Tree Bark Industrial 9,320 1,742 Azarole Fruit Food 9,321 1,743 Azarole Fruit Medicinal 9,321 1,744 Azarole Wood Industrial 9,321 1,745 Quince Fruit Food 9,322 1,746 Quince Seed (dry) Beverages 9,322 1,747 Quince Fruit Medicinal 9,322 1,748 Quince Seed Industrial 9,322 1,749 Marjoram Leaf Food 9,324 1,750 Marjoram Leaf Beverages 9,324 1,751 Marjoram Whole (without root) Medicinal 9,324 1,752 Marjoram Whole (without root) Oil (Fuel) 9,325 1,753 Caper (Capparis spinosa) Flower Food 9,326 1,754 Apricot Fruit Food 9,327 1,755 Apricot Seed Industrial 9,328 1,756 Fig Plant Fruit Food 9,329 1,757 Fig Plant Fruit Medicinal 9,331 1,758 Fig Plant Seed (dry) Industrial 9,330 1,759 Bay Leaves Leaf Food 9,332 1,760 Bay Leaves Leaf Medicinal 9,334 1,761 Bay Leaves Fruit Industrial 9,333 1,762 Bay Leaves Leaf Beverages 9,333 1,763 Globe Artichoke Leaf Medicinal 9,335 1,764 Globe Artichoke Flower Food 9,336 1,765 Globe Artichoke Flower Food 9,336 1,766 Taro (Cocoyam) Corm Food 9,337 1,767 Taro (Cocoyam) Stem Food 9,337 1,768 Taro (Cocoyam) Leaf Medicinal 9,337 1,769 Date Palm Fruit Food 9,338 1,770 Date Palm Stem Beverages 9,339 1,771 Date Palm Stem Medicinal 9,339 1,772 Calabash Fruit Medicinal 9,340 1,773 Calabash Fruit Food 9,341 1,774 Calabash Seed Beverages 9,341 1,775 Calabash Seed Food 9,341 1,776 Calabash Seed Coat Industrial 9,341 1,777 Smooth Loofah Fruit Industrial 9,342 1,778 Smooth Loofah Fruit Food 9,343 1,779 Sweet Almond Seed Medicinal 9,344 1,780 Sweet Almond Seed Food 9,345 1,781 Sweet Almond Seed Beverages 9,345 1,782 Sweet Almond Seed Industrial 9,345 1,783 Pomegranate Seed Medicinal 9,346 1,784 Pomegranate Fruit Food 9,347 1,785 Pomegranate Fruit Beverages 9,348 1,786 Pomegranate Fruit Industrial 9,347 1,787 English Walnut Seed Food 9,349 1,788 English Walnut Seed Industrial 9,350 1,789 English Walnut Leaf Beverages 9,350 1,790 Hazel Nut Seed Food 9,351 1,791 Hazel Nut Seed Food 9,351 1,792 Hazel Nut Seed Medicinal 9,351 1,793 Hazel Nut Seed Industrial 9,351 1,794 Common Plum Fruit Food 9,352 1,795 Common Plum Fruit Medicinal 9,353 1,796 Loquat Flower Medicinal 9,354 1,797 Loquat Seed Beverages 9,355 1,798 Loquat Fruit Food 9,355 1,799 Sicilian Sumac Seed Medicinal 9,356 1,800 Sicilian Sumac Seed Food 9,357 1,801 Terebinth Seed Food 9,358 1,802 Terebinth Seed Industrial 9,359 1,803 Greek Sage Leaf Beverages 9,360 1,804 Greek Sage Flower Medicinal 9,361 1,805 Greek Sage Leaf Food 9,362 1,806 Greek Sage Leaf Beverages 9,362 1,807 Greek Sage Leaf Medicinal 9,362 1,808 Headed Savory Whole Food 9,363 1,809 Headed Savory Leaf Beverages 9,363 1,810 Headed Savory Leaf Medicinal 9,364 1,811 Damask Rose Flower Industrial 9,365 1,812 Damask Rose Shoot Food 9,366 1,813 Broadleaf Wild Leek Bulb Food 9,367 1,814 Broadleaf Wild Leek Bulb Food 9,367 1,815 Broadleaf Wild Leek Whole Industrial 9,367 1,816 Broadleaf Wild Leek Bulb Medicinal 9,367 1,817 Field Garlic Flower Food 9,368 1,818 Wild Garlic Flower Food 9,369 1,819 Wild Garlic Leaf Food 9,369 1,820 Spiral Aloe Whole Ornamental 9,370 1,821 Smooth Pigweed Seed Food 9,371 1,822 Smooth Pigweed Leaf Medicinal 9,371 1,823 Smooth Pigweed Whole Industrial 9,371 1,824 Rapeseed Seed Food 9,372 1,825 Rapeseed Seed Oil (Food) 9,372 1,826 Rapeseed Forage (dry) Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,372 1,827 Rapeseed Seed Industrial 9,372 1,828 Rapeseed Seed Medicinal 9,372 1,829 Potato Tuber Food 9,374 1,830 Potato Tuber Industrial 9,374 1,831 Garden Pea Seed Food 9,376 1,832 Garden Pea Seed Industrial 9,376 1,833 Rye Grain Food 9,377 1,834 Rye Grain Industrial 9,378 1,835 Rye Forage (dry) Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,378 1,836 Rye Forage (dry) Oil (Fuel) 9,378 1,837 Sugar Beet Root Food 9,379 1,838 Sugar Beet Root Medicinal 9,379 1,839 Fava (Faba) Bean Forage (dry) Industrial 9,380 1,840 Fava (Faba) Bean Seed Food 9,380 1,841 Giant Taro Corm Food 9,381 1,842 Giant Taro Stem Medicinal 9,381 1,843 Suweg Root Medicinal 9,382 1,844 Swamp Taro Tuber Food 9,383 1,845 Swamp Taro Leaf Industrial 9,383 1,846 Yautia Corm Food 9,384 1,847 Fonio Grain Food 9,385 1,848 Fonio Forage (dry) Oil (Fuel) 9,385 1,849 Fonio Forage (dry) Industrial 9,385 1,850 Cashew Fruit Oil (Food) 9,386 1,851 Cashew Fruit Industrial 9,386 1,852 Cashew Fruit Beverages 9,386 1,853 Cashew Fruit Food 9,386 1,854 Cashew Stem Medicinal 9,386 1,855 Peach Palm Fruit Food 9,387 1,856 Peach Palm Fruit Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,387 1,857 Peach Palm Fruit Oil (Food) 9,388 1,858 Tree-tomato Fruit Food 9,389 1,859 Tree-tomato Leaf Industrial 9,389 1,860 Tree-tomato Whole Ornamental 9,389 1,861 Euterpe Palm Wood Food 9,390 1,862 Euterpe Palm Fruit Beverages 9,390 1,863 Euterpe Palm Fruit Medicinal 9,390 1,864 Euterpe Palm Fruit Industrial 9,392 1,865 Camu-camu Fruit Food 9,393 1,866 Naranjilla Fruit Food 9,394 1,867 Naranjilla Fruit Beverages 9,396 1,868 Asparagus Seed Beverages 9,397 1,869 Asparagus Stem Food 9,397 1,870 Carrot Seed Oil (Food) 9,400 1,871 Carrot Seed Industrial 9,401 1,872 Carrot Root Beverages 9,402 1,873 Carrot Root Food 9,400 1,874 Carrot Seed Medicinal 9,404 1,875 Carrot Leaf Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,402 1,876 Cabbage Leaf Food 9,405 1,877 Cabbage Leaf Medicinal 9,406 1,878 Cauliflower Flower Food 9,407 1,879 Chives Flower Food 9,411 1,880 Chives Whole Industrial 9,411 1,881 Ilama Fruit Food 9,413 1,882 Saskatoon Leaf Beverages 9,414 1,883 Saskatoon Wood Industrial 9,414 1,884 Saskatoon Fruit Medicinal 9,414 1,885 Saskatoon Bark Food 9,414 1,886 Cut Nut Seed Oil (Food) 9,417 1,887 Cut Nut Seed Industrial 9,417 1,888 Cut Nut Fruit Food 9,417 1,889 Cut Nut Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,417 1,890 Sweet Wormwood Leaf Oil (Food) 9,418 1,891 Sweet Wormwood Whole Medicinal 9,418 1,892 Sweet Wormwood Leaf Industrial 9,418 1,893 Sweet Wormwood Whole Beverages 9,418 1,894 Saba Nut Wood Industrial 9,419 1,895 Saba Nut Seed Food 9,419 1,896 Fraser Fir Whole Ornamental 9,420 1,897 Fraser Fir Bark Food 9,421 1,898 Fraser Fir Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,420 1,899 Fraser Fir Leaf Medicinal 9,421 1,900 Fraser Fir Shoot Beverages 9,421 1,901 Fraser Fir Wood Industrial 9,421 1,902 Karatas Fruit Beverages 9,422 1,903 Karatas Fruit Food 9,422 1,904 Karatas Whole Medicinal 9,422 1,905 Karatas Whole Industrial 9,422 1,906 White Pea Seed Food 9,423 1,907 White Pea Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,425 1,908 White Pea Whole Industrial 9,426 1,909 Peanut Butter Fruit Fruit Food 9,427 1,910 Peanut Butter Fruit Fruit Beverages 9,428 1,911 Castor Oil Plant Seed Industrial 9,430 1,912 Castor Oil Plant Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,430 1,916 Hemp/Marijuana Seed Industrial 9,433 1,917 Hemp/Marijuana Leaf Food 9,433 1,918 Hemp/Marijuana Leaf Medicinal 9,433 1,919 Chicory Leaf Food 9,434 1,920 Chicory Forage (dry) Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,434 1,921 Chicory Root Beverages 9,434 1,922 Hop Flower Beverages 9,435 1,923 Hop Flower Industrial 9,435 1,924 Hop Leaf Food 9,435 1,925 Common Buckwheat Seed Food 9,436 1,926 Common Buckwheat Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,436 1,927 Common Buckwheat Whole Industrial 9,436 1,928 Cowpea Seed Food 9,437 1,929 Cowpea Forage (dry) Industrial 9,437 1,930 Galip Seed Food 9,438 1,931 Galip Seed Oil (Food) 9,438 1,932 Purple Amaranth Leaf Food 9,439 1,933 Purple Amaranth Seed Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,439 1,934 Purple Amaranth Whole Ornamental 9,439 1,935 Einkorn Wheat Grain Food 9,441 1,936 Emmer Grain Food 9,442 1,937 Emmer Whole Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,442 1,938 Spelt Wheat Grain Food 9,443 1,939 Rivet Wheat Grain Food 9,444 1,940 Rivet Wheat Seed Beverages 9,444 1,941 Common Wheat Grain Food 9,445 1,942 Common Wheat Grain Beverages 9,445 1,943 Common Wheat Forage (dry) Fibre 9,445 1,944 Common Wheat Forage (dry) Feed (Forage/Fodder) 9,445 1,945 Common Wheat Forage (dry) Industrial 9,445 1,946 Pili Nut Seed Food 9,446 1,947 Pili Nut Seed Coat Industrial 9,446 1,948 Pili Nut Wood Medicinal 9,446 1,949 Pili Nut Whole Ornamental 9,446 1,950 Swedish Coffee Seed Food The roasted seed is used as a coffee substitute 9,447 1,951 Turnip Rape Seed Food 9,448 1,952 Nepali Pepper Seed Medicinal 9,666 1,953 Nepali Pepper Seed Food 9,667 1,954 Kelat Layu Fruit Food The fruits are edible and relished as a snack 9,684 1,955 Lotong Fruit Food This plant mainly grown for the fruits 9,688 1,956 Common peony Flower Food Flowers can be cooked and used as a vegetable or to scent tea 9,689 1,957 Common butterwort Leaf Medicinal The leaves are antispasmodic and antitussive 9,690 1,958 Common butterwort Leaf Food The plant can be used to curdle plant milks. The milk is poured over a strainer on which fresh leaves of common butterwort have been laid. The milk is then left for a day or two until it sours when it becomes solid like yoghurt and is considered to be most delicious 9,690 1,959 Wallrue Leaf Medicinal A distilled water made from the fronds has proved of benefit in the treatment of many eye complaints. The plant is also considered to be useful in the treatment of coughs and ruptures in children 9,691 1,960 Great masterwort Flower Ornamental The flowers are used for winter decoration and suitable for cut flowers 9,692 1,961 Vingerblaarertjie Root Medicinal The roots are used in the treatment of malaria-like illnesses and severe headaches. 9,694 1,962 Vingerblaarertjie Whole Industrial The plant (part not specified) is said to yield a blue dye 9,694 1,963 Mugnoli/Wild Cabbage Leaves and petioles Food The leaves and stems are edible raw 9,695 1,964 Markou Leaf Food The leaves are collected from the wild and eaten cooked in sauces with rice or couscous. 9,696 1,965 Markou Leaf Medicinal The leaves are taken as a laxative. Cooked leaves are given to children suffering from kwashiorkor 9,696 1,966 Markou Root Medicinal The root is eaten as an aphrodisiac, used in the treatment of venereal diseases, to prevent abortion and to ease childbirth. 9,696 1,967 Corn Rocket Root Food Root can be eaten raw, sliced thinly or grated and then be added to salads 9,697 1,968 Spiral Aloe Whole Medicinal Some laboratories investigations indicate potential medicinal properties with further chemical analysis. 9,698 1,969 Yellow Water Lily Root Food The rootstocks are consumed by the native people. The roots are boiled or roasted for several hours. The rootstocks are said to have a high level of tannins, therefore, they are leached before consumed. 9,733 1,970 Yellow Water Lily Whole Medicinal In China, the plant is used to invigorate, to check bleeding, to promote urination, and to allay pain in the joints of the elderly. 9,733