Uses

ID	Crop ID	Part	Use Category	Notes	Metadata ID
3	Rungia	Leaves and petioles	Food	Leaves and young shoots - raw, cooked or used as a flavouring	6,276
4	Creat	Root	Medicinal	The roots and leaves are considered to be alterative, anthelmintic, bitter, febrifuge, stomachic and tonic	6,277
5	Nejayae	Seed	Food	NULL	6,278
6	Alpine Almond	Seed	Medicinal	The oil from the seed is alterative, antibacterial and stimulant	6,279
7	Calamus	Rhizome	Food	The rhizome is candied and made into a sweetmeat	6,280
8	Hardy Kiwi	Fruit	Food	NULL	6,281
9	New Zealand Spinach	Leaves and petioles	Food	NULL	6,282
10	Aizoon	Leaf	Food	NULL	6,283
11	Old-world Arrowhead	Tuber	Food	NULL	6,284
12	Fodder Beet	Leaf	Food	The leaves and stems of young plants are steamed briefly and eaten as a vegetable; older leaves and stems are stir-fried and have a flavour resembling taro leaves	6,285
13	Goosefoot	Hull	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	6,286
14	Tropical Amaranth	Whole (without root)	Food	In tropical Africa and elsewhere Amaranthus spinosus leaves and young plants are collected for home consumption as a cooked, steamed or fried vegetable, especially during periods of drought.	6,296
15	Garlic	Bulb	Food	The bulb, composed of so-called cloves, is mainly used for flavouring meat, fish, sauces and salads, raw or cooked, or more recently in dehydrated form.	6,298
16	Japanese Bunching Onion	Bulb	Food	NULL	6,301
17	Broadleaf Wild Leek	Whole (without root)	Food	NULL	6,302
18	Red-wood Tree	Bark	Industrial	The heartwood is dark red; the sapwood light reddish-grey. The wood is very hard and close-grained, beautifully mottled with dark and light, i.e. black and orange, streaks	6,306
19	Turpentine Tree	Seed	Food	NULL	6,308
20	Custard Apple	Fruit	Food	NULL	6,328
21	Fragrant Ashok	Wood	Industrial	The greyish-white wood is moderately hard. It is used for masts	6,329
22	Caraway	Seed	Food	NULL	6,330
23	Ducrosia anethifolia	Whole (without root)	Medicinal	NULL	6,331
24	Caralluma flava	Whole	Medicinal	NULL	6,332
25	Varians Glossonema	Whole (without root)	Food	NULL	6,333
26	Himalayan Holly	Wood	Industrial	The wood is used for fuel	6,334
27	Hitchhiker Elephant Ear	Tuber	Food	Tubers are edible when cooked very thoroughly either by roasting or boiling to deactivate the oxalate crystals. They are eaten in Dhofar with clarified butter or buttermilk and eaten in India added to curries.	6,335
28	Yellow Cobra Lily	Leaves and petioles	Food	Young leaves are commonly eaten.	6,336
29	Chinese Ginseng	Whole (without root)	Medicinal	NULL	6,337
30	Common Ivy	Whole	Medicinal	NULL	6,338
31	Bangalow Palm	Seed	Ornamental	NULL	6,341
32	Cohune Palm (Orbignya cohune)	Extract (oil)	Food	NULL	6,344
33	Date Palm	Fruit	Food	NULL	6,345
34	Dom	Whole	Food	NULL	6,346
35	Dwarf fan palm	Leaf	Food	NULL	6,348
36	Euterpe Palm	Fruit	Food	NULL	6,350
37	Fiber Palm	Seed	Beverages	NULL	6,352
38	Fish-tail Palm	Extract (oil)	Beverages	NULL	6,354
39	Grugru Palm	Bark	Beverages	NULL	6,355
40	Jauari	Leaves and petioles	Industrial	The leaves and leaf stems are woven into a range of items such as baskets	6,359
41	Macauba Palm	Root	Medicinal	NULL	6,363
42	Nguay Palm	Shoot	Food	NULL	6,365
43	Nibong	Pod	Food	NULL	6,367
44	Nipa	Seed (fresh)	Food	NULL	6,368
45	Oil Palm	Extract (oil)	Industrial	NULL	6,371
46	Pacaya Palm	Pod	Food	NULL	6,373
47	Palmiteiro	Fruit	Beverages	NULL	6,375
48	Palmyra Palm	Fruit	Food	The immature fruits are pickled	6,377
49	Peach Palm	Fruit	Food	NULL	6,378
50	Rakum Palm	Fruit	Food	NULL	6,379
51	Rattan	Wood	Industrial	NULL	6,380
52	Rotan Sega	Whole (without root)	Industrial	NULL	6,381
53	Sago	Stem	Food	The pith of the stem is rich in starch. This has been widely used to make sago	6,452
54	Sierran Palm	Leaves and petioles	Food	NULL	6,453
55	Silver Date Palm	Fruit	Food	NULL	6,454
56	Snake Fruit	Fruit	Food	NULL	6,455
57	Sugar Palm	Stem	Beverages	NULL	6,456
58	Wdege Leaflet Fan Palm	Fruit	Food	NULL	6,457
59	Wild Date Palm	Fruit	Food	NULL	6,458
60	Wine Palm	Fruit	Beverages	NULL	6,459
61	Giant Taro	Pod	Food	NULL	6,460
62	Mazari Palm	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	6,461
63	Rattan (Wai)	Stem	Industrial	The entire stems are used for making "bent wood"chair frames, as cables for ferry boats, for hauling logs, standingrigging on small sailing vessels, and sometimes to support short suspension bridges.	6,462
64	European wild ginger	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	6,463
65	Snakeroot	Root	Medicinal	NULL	6,464
66	Jackal Food	Fruit	Food	NULL	6,465
67	Emerald Fern 'Sprengeri'	Root	Industrial	NULL	6,466
68	Mauritius Hemp 'var. willemettiana'	Leaf	Industrial	The fibre extracted from the leaf can be used to make twine, rope, cloth, tapestries, mats, hammocks and sacks.	6,467
69	Cantala	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	6,468
70	Henequen	Whole	Medicinal	NULL	6,469
71	Lecheguilla	Whole (without root)	Beverages	NULL	6,470
72	Lily of The Valley	Flower	Beverages	NULL	6,471
73	Scented Solomon's Seal	Shoot	Food	NULL	6,472
74	Sisal Hemp	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	6,473
75	Tassel Hyacinth	Bulb	Food	NULL	6,474
76	Wavy-leafed Soap Plant	Bulb	Food	NULL	6,475
77	Yucca	Pod	Food	NULL	6,476
78	Asparagus	Shoot	Food	NULL	6,477
79	Southern Sassafras	Bark	Beverages	NULL	6,478
80	Rose Balsam	Leaf	Food	NULL	6,479
81	Ulluco	Tuber	Food	NULL	6,480
82	Malabar Spinach	Leaf	Food	NULL	6,481
83	Turkish Hazelnut 'var. colurna'	Seed	Food	NULL	6,482
84	Alder	Bark	Medicinal	NULL	6,483
85	Downy Birch	Bark	Food	NULL	6,484
86	European Alder	Bark	Medicinal	NULL	6,485
87	European Hornbeam	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	6,486
88	Filbert	Seed	Food	NULL	6,487
89	Hazel Nut	Seed	Food	NULL	6,488
90	Japanese Alder	Bark	Medicinal	NULL	6,489
91	Nepalese Alder	Bark	Medicinal	The juice of the bark is boiled and the gelatinous liquid applied to burns	6,490
92	Red Alder	Bark	Food	Inner bark - cooked, It must be dried since it is emetic when fresh	6,491
93	Seaside alder	Whole	Industrial	This species has the potential to be used as a biomass crop	6,492
94	White Birch	Bark	Food	Inner bark - cooked or dried and ground into a meal.	6,493
95	African Tulip Tree	Seed	Food	The winged seeds are said to be edible	6,494
96	Indian Bean Tree	Bark	Medicinal	A tea made from the bark has been used as an antiseptic, antidote to snake bites, laxative, sedative and vermifuge	6,495
97	Jacaranda	Bark	Medicinal	The bark and roots are used in the treatment of syphilis	6,496
98	Mayflower	Whole	Beverages	The tree is used to provide shade in coffee and cocoa plantations	6,497
99	Padize Wood	Fruit	Food	Tender young fruit - cooked and eaten as a vegetable	6,498
100	Palo de Buba	Bark	Medicinal	The bark is cathartic and emetic	6,499
101	Primavera	Whole	Industrial	The plant develops large lateral roots that hold soils. It is used in plantings to stabilize soils and prevent erosion	6,500
102	Sausage Tree	Fruit	Food	The fruit is a common additive to ferment in preparing beer to increase the potency or to add to the flavour	6,524
103	Threethorn	Root	Medicinal	Young roots are chewed as a remedy for diarrhoea	6,525
104	Yellow Bells	Leaf	Medicinal	A leaf infusion can be taken orally for treating diabetes and stomach pains	6,526
105	Buttercup Tree	Seed	Food	The oil cakes from the pressed seed can be eaten	6,527
106	Lipstick Tree	Seed	Food	The whole seeds can be ground into a paste with various other spices, which gives a more pronounced flavour	6,528
107	Alpine Forget Me Not	Whole	Medicinal	The whole plant is astringent and ophthalmic. Used as a lotion, it is an excellent remedy for many eye diseases. It is also ground into a powder and applied externally to wounds, at one time the leaf juice was used to stop nose bleeds. The plant is harvested in May and can be dried for later use.	6,530
108	Common Lungwort	Leaf	Food	Leaves - raw or cooked. They can be added to salads or used as a potherb	6,537
109	Ecuador Laurel	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are stimulant, stomachic and tonic. A decoction is used in the treatment of catarrh and lung conditions.	6,537
110	Italian Alkanet	Flower	Food	Flowers - raw. An excellent and decorative addition to the salad bowl, or used as a garnish	6,541
111	Wanza	Fruit	Food	A popular fruit wherever it grows, it can be eaten raw or the pulp can be cooked with porridge to add a sweetness	6,543
112	Borage	Leaf	Beverages	Dried leaves may be used for flavouring and to make a tea.	6,547
113	Hound's Tongue	Leaf	Food	Young leaves - raw or cooked.	6,553
114	Viper's Bugloss	Whole	Medicinal	Viper's bugloss was once considered to be a preventative and remedy for viper bites	6,563
115	Dyer's Alkanet	Root	Industrial	A red dye obtained from the roots is used as a food colouring	6,567
116	Snot Berry	Fruit	Food	Fruit - raw. A jelly-like pulp with a sweet flavour, they are eaten as a snack.	6,573
117	Caisin	Whole (without root)	Food	Brassica rapa comprises many crops with a variety of uses. Most important are the vegetables. The foliage of Chinese cabbage, pakchoi and caisin and the thickened taproot of vegetable turnip are used as vegetables. They are consumed boiled, in soups, fresh in salads, or stir-fried in special dishes.	6,586
118	Daikon 'China Rose'	Root	Food	Radish is grown mainly for its thickened fleshy root. Small radishes are pungent and used as appetizer when eaten fresh and for adding colour to dishes. Oriental radish (to which Chinese radish, Japanese radish and mooli belong) is crisp with a mild flavour. The roots are thinly peeled, sliced or diced and put into soups and sauces or cooked with meat.	6,587
119	Turnip Rape	Whole (without root)	Food	Human food - Vegetable	6,588
120	Pak Choi	Leaf	Food	Leaves - raw or cooked. They can be eaten at any stage from seedling to mature plant. Well-flavoured, they are sweet with a hint of mustard.The leaves are also dried for winter use. The leaves have pronounced stems and these can also be eaten, they tend to have a mild, almost bland flavour.	6,589
121	Turnip	Whole (without root)	Food	Human food - Vegetable	6,590
122	Daikon	Root	Food	The western radish (cv. group Small Radish) is pungent and is prized as a relish or appetizer and for adding colour to dishes. The oriental radish (cv. group Chinese Radish), being crisp with mild flavour, plays a much wider role in South-East Asia.	6,591
123	Fodder radish	Root	Food	Radish is grown mainly for its thickened fleshy root. Small or western radishes are pungent and prized as a relish or appetizer and for adding colour to dishes. The oriental radish (cv. group Chinese Radish), being crisp with mild flavour, plays a much wider role in South-East Asia. The roots are thinly peeled, sliced or diced and put into soups and sauces or cooked with meat.	6,592
124	Broccoli	Whole (without root)	Food	Human food - Vegetable	6,596
125	Brussels Sprouts	Whole (without root)	Food	NULL	6,604
126	Cauliflower	Whole (without root)	Food	NULL	6,612
127	Chinese Radish	Whole (without root)	Food	Radish is grown mainly for its thickened fleshy root. The western radish (cv. group Small Radish) is pungent and is prized as a relish or appetizer and for adding colour to dishes. The oriental radish (cv. group Chinese Radish), being crisp with mild flavour, plays a much wider role in South-East Asia.	6,613
128	Kohlrabi	Whole (without root)	Food	In Brussels sprouts it is the miniature axillary heads (leaves) which are consumed as a cooked vegetable. The kales are a polymorphic group comprising vegetable types (curly kale, collard) and types mainly used as fodder crops (thousand-headed kale, marrowstem kale, collard). The vegetable types are grown for their smooth or curly foliage, usually consumed cooked. Kohlrabi is principally grown for its swollen stem, which is used cooked.	6,867
129	Cabbage	Whole (without root)	Food	Human food and beverage Vegetable	6,868
130	Kale	Whole (without root)	Food	Leaves - raw or cooked. A strong cabbage flavour, they are delicious if used when fairly young though they can become tough with age. The leaves are usually available from autumn to late spring, and can be harvested all through the winter in all but the very coldest of seasons. Young flowering shoots - raw or cooked. Picked before the flowers open, they are fairly tender and can be used as part of a mixed salad. When cooked, they have a delicious flavour similar to sprouting broccoli	6,869
131	Red Cabbage	Whole (without root)	Food	Red cabbage is often used raw for salads and coleslaw. This vegetable can be eaten cooked. It is the traditional accompanying side dish paired with many German meals, notably Sauerbraten. At Christmas it can be spiced and served as an accompaniment to seasonal roast goose. Often apples are added to give it sweet-sour taste.	6,870
132	Greater Sea-kale	Whole (without root)	Food	Leaves - cooked. Used as a potherb. Young leaves have a pleasant cabbage-like flavour, though older leaves are rather tough. Root - cooked.	6,871
133	Abyssinian Mustard	Whole (without root)	Food	Leaves and young stems - raw or cooked. Used when up to 30cm tall. A mild and pleasant cabbage flavour, the young growth can be cut finely and used in mixed salads, whilst older leaves are cooked like cabbage leaves. Immature flowering stems - cooked. Used like broccoli they make a nice vegetable.An edible oil is obtained from the seed. Oil from the wild species is high in erucic acid, which is toxic, though there are some cultivars that contain very little to zero erucic acid and can be used as food. The seed can be crushed and used as a mustard-like condiment	6,872
134	Black Mustard	Seed	Food	Mustard seed is commonly ground into a powder and used as a food flavouring and relish.	6,873
135	Crambe	Extract (oil)	Industrial	Erucamide, a substance yielded from the oil, is a high value product for the cosmetic industry.	6,874
136	Cress	Whole (without root)	Food	A hot cress-like flavour, it makes an excellent addition (in small quantities) to the salad bowl	6,877
137	Garlic Mustard	Whole (without root)	Food	Garlic mustard’s flower, leaf and young fruit are used raw or cooked both as a vegetable and for flavouring. The leaves and flowers have mild aromatic taste and flavour and are used as a spice and flavouring in cooked foods. Leaves are used as a winter salad vegetable and as a flavouring in cooked food	6,915
138	Hedge Mustard	Whole (without root)	Medicinal	The whole plant is said to be antiaphonic, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic.	6,917
139	Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens	Seed	Food	The seed is used as a mustard flavouring.	6,922
140	Kako	Fruit	Food	The fruits are eaten raw. The seed can also eaten raw or cooked.	7,169
141	Kako	Bark	Medicinal	The bark is astringent and lithotriptic. It is used both internally and externally.	7,169
142	Kako	Bark	Industrial	It is used for foundation piles, cheap or temporary construction; cheap furniture; paving blocks, ties, mine timbers; it is seldom sawn into lumber or used for construction because it is not durable.	7,169
143	Kindal Tree	Bark	Industrial	Wood pale brown, smooth, very hard, a useful building wood, used in buildings for doors, windows, planks and rafters. Also used for furniture, cabinet making, ship building, dugouts, boats, carts, agricultural implements, mine props, poles and ply wood. The wood is used as fuel. The bark and fruits are used for dyeing. Bark and fruit contain tannin and are used for tanning.	7,184
147	Kindal Tree	Bark	Medicinal	Bark diuretic, cardiotonic, used in parotitis; flower anticholerin and used in opium poisoning.	7,184
148	Kinkeliba	Leaves and petioles	Medicinal	A leaf decoction, in vapour baths or washes, is used to treat fever and lumbago. The leaves are also widely used in association with other plants to treat the diseases. Crushed leaves and bark powder are applied to sores and wounds.	7,207
149	Kinkeliba	Fruit	Medicinal	The dried powdered fruits are made into an ointment with oil, which is applied to suppurating swellings and abscesses, also of venereal origin, and applied to eye infections.	7,207
150	Kinkeliba	Forage (fresh)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Combretum micranthum is a good browse plant for cattle and is important as forage in the dry season in Nigeria. In Senegal it seems to be browsed only by donkeys, sheep and goats, not much by cattle	7,207
151	Kinkeliba	Forage (fresh)	Industrial	The leaves, stems and root bark are a source of yellow to brownish yellow dyes for textiles and mats.	7,207
152	Kinkeliba	Bark	Fibre	The stem bark is made into rope.	7,207
153	Kinkeliba	Bark	Industrial	The wood is very hard and used as firewood and to make charcoal.	7,207
154	Nutwood	Seed	Food	The tree is sometimes harvested from the wild for local use as a food.	7,228
155	Nutwood	Bark	Industrial	The tree is sometimes harvested from the wild for local use as a fuel.	7,228
157	Purple-pod cluster-leaf	Bark	Medicinal	The bark is chewed to treat coughs, sore throat and stomach-aches.	7,232
158	Purple-pod cluster-leaf	Root	Medicinal	The roots are chewed to treat colds. A root decoction is taken to treat constipation, cough and colds	7,232
159	Purple-pod cluster-leaf	Bark	Industrial	The yellow wood is heavy, very hard, tough and exceptionally durable, even in salty water where it resists borers. It is used to make tool handles, fence posts, house building, dhow keels and wagon axles. The wood makes a good fuel and an excellent charcoal.	7,232
160	Purple-pod cluster-leaf	Bark	Food	An edible gum exudes from the tree.	7,232
161	Swamp Oak	Bark	Industrial	The tree is a major source of timber in its native range and is often exported. The wood is used for light construction, mouldings, interior finish and veneer. A good-quality pulp, suitable for paper making, can be produced from plantation material.	7,234
162	Terumtum Merah	Bark	Industrial	The yellow-brown wood is heavy and fine-grained. It is used locally for boat building.	7,235
163	Terumtum Merah	Bark	Oil (Fuel)	The wood is used for fuel.	7,235
164	Tropical Almond	Bark	Industrial	The bark and leaves and sometimes roots and green fruits are locally used for tanning leather and provide a black dye, used for dyeing cottons and rattan and as ink. The timber is of good quality and is used for house and boat building, furniture and cabinet-making.	7,236
166	Tropical Almond	Seed	Oil (Food)	The seed is edible and considered delicious, and contains a pale odourless oil, similar to almond oil.	7,236
167	Tropical Almond	Seed	Medicinal	The oil is employed medicinally as a substitute for true almond oil to relieve abdominal inflammations, and, cooked with the leaves, in treating leprosy, scabies and other skin diseases.	7,236
169	Tropical Almond	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves have a sudorific action and are applied to rheumatic joints. The tannin from bark and leaves is used as an astringent in dysentery and thrush. It is also regarded as diuretic and cardiotonic and is applied externally on skin eruptions.	7,236
170	Velvet Bushwillow	Leaf	Medicinal	A leaf decoction is used to wash wounds and to treat itch and skin infections. The crushed fresh roots or leaves, alone or mixed with other plants, are applied to snakebites, and an infusion of the pounded root or stem bark is taken to treat the same.	7,238
171	Velvet Bushwillow	Leaf	Oil (Fuel)	Combretum molle is one of the widely used source of fuel wood and high quality charcoal.	7,238
172	Velvet Bushwillow	Leaf	Industrial	A red or black dye can be obtained from the leaves (dependent on the mordant) and a yellow dye from the root.	7,238
173	Velvet Bushwillow	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The sweetly scented flowers attract bees and make good forage for honey production. The leaves are readily browsed by livestock and game, and can also be used for mulching.	7,238
174	Velvet Bushwillow	Bark	Industrial	The bark slash exudes a gum, which has been a minor source of trade in northern Nigeria, but is considered of lower quality than gum arabic.	7,238
175	White Buttonwood	Bark	Medicinal	A bark infusion is used as an astringent, tonic and folk remedy for dysentery, aphthae, fever and scurvy. It is also attributed some antitumour activity.	7,239
176	White Buttonwood	Bark	Industrial	The wood is heavy, hard, strong and close-grained; it is mainly used as firewood, rarely for construction and wooden utensils. The bark and leaves of Laguncularia racemosa produce a tannin and a brown dye of good quality, but not in quantities that are economically interesting.	7,239
178	White Buttonwood	Bark	Oil (Fuel)	Laguncularia racemosa will remain of minor importance as source of tannin. Its use as a fuel plant is possibly of more economic importance.	7,239
179	White Teruntum	Bark	Industrial	The bark is a source of tannins. The wood is strong and very durable. It is used for many purposes.	7,241
180	Bohera	Leaf	Medicinal	Leaf decoctions of Terminalia bellirica together with those of Ficus benghalensis L. are taken to treat diabetes and dysentery.	7,245
181	Bohera	Fruit	Medicinal	The astringent fruits are commonly used in India, often in Ayurvedic preparations together with other medicinal plants, to treat ophthalmia, diabetes, liver complaints, hypertension, asthma, wounds, skin diseases, haemorrhoids, diarrhoea and dropsy.	7,245
182	Bohera	Bark	Medicinal	The bark is used as astringent, purgative and diuretic, and to treat diarrhoea, piles, leprosy, fever, ophthalmia and dropsy.	7,245
183	Bohera	Fruit	Industrial	In India the fruits are used for tanning hides into leather, particularly for sole leather. They yield a dye that is occasionally used together with iron sulphate for dyeing black cloth and matting and for the preparation of ink.	7,245
184	Bohera	Seed	Industrial	The kernel oil is used in the manufacture of hair oil and soap.	7,245
185	Bohera	Bark	Industrial	The tree bole is used for dug-out canoes, and the wood for furniture, boxes and, often after being steeped in water to make it more durable, house construction. Wood pulp of good quality for paper can be produced. The tree also yields a good-quality firewood and charcoal.	7,245
186	Bohera	Leaves and petioles	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	In India Terminalia bellirica is known as a fodder tree.	7,245
187	Spiderwort	Leaf	Food	The young leaves were eaten as salad greens or were mixed with other greens and then either fried or boiled until tender.	7,250
188	Spiderwort	Root	Medicinal	A paste, made from the mashed roots, was used as a poultice to treat cancer.	7,250
189	Spiderwort	Leaf	Medicinal	Virginia spiderwort was one of the seven ingredients in a tea used to treat “female ailments or rupture.” It was also combined with several other ingredients in a medicine for kidney trouble. A tea made from the plant was used as a laxative and to treat stomachaches associated with overeating.	7,250
190	Asiatic Day Flower	Leaf	Food	It is commonly cultivated as a vegetable in China.	7,258
191	Asiatic Day Flower	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves and aerial parts are antiinflammatory, depurative, diuretic and febrifuge. A decoction of the dried plant is used to treat bleeding, diarrhoea, fever, diabetes etc. The plant is applied topically to treat boils and abscesses. The leaves are used as a throat gargle to relieve sore throats and tonsilitis. The juice of the crushed plant is applied to inflamed eyes.	7,258
192	Asiatic Day Flower	Leaf	Industrial	A bright blue dye is obtained from the petals.	7,258
193	African Wormwood	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves and young flowering stems are anthelmintic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. They are used to treat a wide range of ailments from coughs, colds, fever, loss of appetite, colic, headache, earache, intestinal worms to malaria.	7,266
194	Bitterleaf	Leaf	Food	Leaves, although rather bitter to taste, are eaten as raw vegetables. ‘Chewsticks’ from the roots and twigs are regarded as an appetizer.	7,270
195	Bitterleaf	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Produces a large mass of forage from the leaves and shoots and therefore is a good fodder species.	7,270
196	Bitterleaf	Bark	Oil (Fuel)	Both firewood and charcoal are derived form V. amygdalina.	7,270
197	Bitterleaf	Flower	Food	Produces very light, fine flavoured honey (as apiculture).	7,270
198	Bitterleaf	Bark	Industrial	The genus Vernonia is a well-known group of timber trees.	7,270
199	Bitterleaf	Root	Medicinal	An infusion from the roots is given to children suffering from infection by a trematode (Enterobius vermicularis). A cold infusion of the root bark, together with other plants, is given in daily doses to treat bilharzia. The bark and root are taken as a tonic by people suffering from fevers.	7,270
200	Bitterleaf	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are pounded and mixed with warm water for bathing to treat spots on the skin and nausea.	7,270
201	Bitterleaf	Bark	Ornamental	Useful as an ornamental.	7,270
202	Butter Bur	Leaf	Medicinal	Butterbur is widely considered to be an effective cough remedy and recent experiments have shown it to have remarkable antispasmodic and pain-relieving properties.	7,276
203	Cat's Foot	Leaf	Medicinal	Catsfoot has been little used in herbal medicine though it was once used in mixtures for the treatment of bronchitis and bilious conditions. The plant is very rich in mucilage which makes it very valuable in the treatment of chest complaints.	7,282
204	Cat's Foot	Leaf	Ornamental	It is often grown as an ornamental, making a good ground cover.	7,282
205	Chamomile	Leaf	Medicinal	It is widely used as a household herbal remedy. It is particularly useful as a remedy for various problems of the digestive system, as a sedative and a nervine, it is especially suited for young children.	7,284
206	Chamomile	Extract (oil)	Industrial	The flowers are gathered in the summer when they are fully open and are distilled for their oil or dried for later use. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy. An essential oil from the whole plant is used as a flavouring and in perfumery.	7,284
207	Chamomile	Flower	Industrial	An infusion of the flowers is used as a hair shampoo, especially for fair hair. It is also used as a liquid feed and general plant tonic. Yellow to gold dyes are obtained from the flowers.	7,284
209	Chamomile	Whole	Ornamental	The plant makes a very good ground cover and can also be used as an edging.	7,284
210	Coltsfoot	Flower	Food	Flower buds and young flowers can be eaten raw or cooked. A pleasant aniseed flavour, they add a distinctive aromatic flavour to salads.	7,293
211	Coltsfoot	Leaf	Food	oung leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. They can be used in salads, added to soups, or cooked as a vegetable.	7,293
212	Coltsfoot	Leaf	Medicinal	The plant is antitussive, astringent, demulcent, emollient, expectorant, stimulant and tonic. It is widely used in the treatment of coughs and respiratory problem.	7,293
213	Common Wormwood	Leaf	Medicinal	It has a great importance as a folk medicine in ancient history from the time of Greek as an antiseptic, anthelminitc, antipyretic, antimalarial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective.	7,295
214	Common Wormwood	Leaf	Industrial	This crops has been incorporated as feed additive in livestock nutrition for augmenting nutrient utilization and animal performance.	7,295
215	Common Wormwood	Forage (fresh)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	A. absinthium is used as whole plant in ruminant feeding.	7,295
216	Cotton Lavender	Leaf	Food	The aromatic leaves are used as a flavouring for broths, sauces, grain dishes etc.	7,299
217	Cotton Lavender	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves and flowering tops are antispasmodic, disinfectant, emmenagogue, stimulant and vermifuge. Cotton lavender is rarely used medicinally, though it is sometimes used internally as a vermifuge for children and to treat poor digestion and menstrual problems.	7,299
218	Cotton Lavender	Whole	Ornamental	Plants can also be grown for ground cover.	7,299
219	Cotton Lavender	Extract (oil)	Industrial	An essential oil from the leaves is used in perfumery, the oil is also obtained from the flowers.	7,299
220	Daisy	Whole	Ornamental	NULL	7,305
221	Daisy	Flower	Food	The daisy is occasionally used as a potherb.	7,305
222	Daisy	Leaf	Medicinal	Daisies are a popular domestic remedy with a wide range of applications. They are a traditional wound herb and are also said to be especially useful in treating delicate and listless children.	7,305
223	Dandelion	Leaf	Food	The leaves are also eaten as a vegetable. When grown without light (artificially or when covered with earth) the pale leaves are more brittle and taste better.	7,306
224	Dandelion	Flower	Ornamental	Dandelions were cultivated in Japan for ornamental purposes.	7,306
225	Dandelion	Flower	Food	In spring the flowers contain much nectar and are locally important for the production of honey.	7,306
226	Edelweiss	Forage (fresh)	Medicinal	The aerial parts of Edelweiss plants have been referred to as being useful in the treatment of intestinal disorders such as diarrhea, dysentery and colic .	7,312
227	Edelweiss	Whole	Ornamental	The major commercial uses are currently purely decorative, it being offered for sale as a fresh alpine-garden plant or for dried flower arrangements.	7,312
228	Elecampane	Leaf	Food	Leaves are cooked. Rather bitter and aromatic, they were used as a potherb by the ancient Romans	7,318
229	Elecampane	Root	Food	Root are candied and eaten as a sweetmeat.	7,318
230	Elecampane	Whole	Medicinal	A very safe herb to use, it is suitable for the old and the young and especially useful when the patient is debilitated. It cleanses toxins from the body, stimulating the immune and digestive systems and treating bacterial and fungal infections. The root is alterative, anthelmintic, antiseptic, astringent, bitter, cholagogue, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, mildly expectorant, gently stimulant, stomachic, tonic.	7,318
231	Elecampane	Root	Industrial	A blue dye is obtained from the bruised and macerated root mixed with ashes and whortleberries (Vaccinium myrtillus). The root yields up to 2% of a camphor-scented essential oil, this is used as a flavouring and medicinally.	7,318
232	Golden Rod	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves and flowering tops are anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, mildly diuretic, febrifuge and stimulant.	7,322
233	Golden Rod	Leaf	Beverages	A tea is obtained from the leaves.	7,322
234	Golden Rod	Whole	Industrial	Mustard, orange and brown dyes can be obtained from the whole plant. A yellow dye is obtained from the leaves and flower.	7,322
235	Guayule	Root	Industrial	A source of rubber obtained by mechanical maceration of the roots and/or stems.	7,324
236	Heartleaf Hempvine	Forage (fresh)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Leaves of M. cordata constitute a highly palatable forage, especially to sheep. M. cordata is an aggressive forage of high acceptability to both large and small ruminants	7,328
237	Hemp Agrimony	Whole	Medicinal	Hemp agrimony has been employed chiefly as a detoxifying herb for fevers, colds, flu and other viral conditions. The leaves and flowering tops are alterative, cholagogue, depurative, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, febrifuge, purgative and tonic. The roots are diaphoretic, laxative and tonic.	7,332
238	Hemp Agrimony	Stem	Fibre	A coarse fibre can be obtained from the stems.	7,332
239	Hemp Agrimony	Leaf	Industrial	The leaves and roots have been used as a raw material for making black and blue dyes.	7,332
240	Hemp Agrimony	Extract (oil)	Industrial	An extract of the plant is used as an ingredient in commercial cosmetic preparations as a skin conditioner.	7,332
241	Indian Lettuce	Leaf	Food	Indian lettuce is grown for its leaves. They are consumed raw, boiled or steamed.	7,351
242	Indian Lettuce	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are considered tonic, digestive and depurative in traditional medicine.	7,351
243	Indian Lettuce	Forage (fresh)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	In Taiwan it is grown as feed for geese.	7,351
244	Mouse-ear Hawkweed	Whole	Medicinal	NULL	7,354
245	Mouse-ear Hawkweed	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	7,354
246	Mouse-ear Hawkweed	Whole	Ornamental	P. officinarum is a prostrate herb which has spread rapidly to exotic locations (e.g. New Zealand, North America and South America) after introduction as a garden ornamental.	7,354
247	Mugwort	Leaf	Food	Leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. Aromatic and somewhat bitter. Their addition to the diet aids the digestion and so they are often used in small quantities as a flavouring, especially with fatty foods.	7,367
248	Mugwort	Leaf	Beverages	The dried leaves and flowering tops are steeped into tea. They have also been used as a flavouring in beer, though fell into virtual disuse once hops came into favour.	7,367
249	Mugwort	Whole	Medicinal	All parts of the plant are anthelmintic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, expectorant, nervine, purgative, stimulant, slightly tonic and used in the treatment of women's complaints.	7,367
250	Ngai Camphor	Leaf	Industrial	In China ngai camphor oil, an essential oil obtained by steam distillation of young leaves of B. balsamifera, is widely used in medicine and in rituals.	7,370
251	Ngai Camphor	Whole	Medicinal	B. balsamifera have been used in Chinese medicine since ancient times as carminative, mild stimulant, vermifuge and as topical application for septic ulcers. In South-East Asia it is one of the most common and widely used medicinal plants for a number of ailments, mainly as a stomachic, vermifuge, expectorant and sudorific.	7,370
252	Painted Daisy	Whole	Medicinal	It is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine.	7,376
253	Painted Daisy	Whole	Industrial	The dried flower heads are used as an insecticide. They are a source of the commercially available insecticide 'pyrethrum', which is non-toxic to mammals.	7,376
254	Schafgarbe	Whole	Ornamental	It is cultivated, usually as an ornamental, in mountainous areas of some parts of Malesia .	7,377
255	Schafgarbe	Whole	Medicinal	Yarrow is used internally for the treatment of gastro-intestinal complaints (inflammation, diarrhoea, flatulence, cramps, poor digestion), as a bitter aromatic (to counter loss of appetite), to stimulate the secretion of bile (choleretic activity) and to enhance the renal elimination function.	7,377
256	Schafgarbe	Extract (oil)	Industrial	In the form of a bath, yarrow or its oil are applied to remove perspiration.	7,377
257	Silver Oak	Bark	Industrial	The wood, commonly traded as ‘muhuhu’ is mainly used for construction, first-grade flooring, joinery, interior trim, furniture, fence posts, toys, novelties, boxes, crates, tool handles, carving and turnery. It is also suitable for bridges, hydraulic works, poles, piles, cabinet work and railway sleepers. It is considered an excellent firewood and is used for charcoal production.	7,378
258	Silver Oak	Root	Medicinal	In traditional medicine, root decoctions are used to treat schistosomiasis and leaves to treat diabetes.	7,378
259	Silver Oak	Bark	Industrial	The aromatic oil extracted from the wood is used for perfumery.	7,378
260	Silver Oak	Whole	Ornamental	In Kenya Brachylaena huillensis is planted as ornamental and boundary tree around dwellings.	7,378
261	Southernwood	Leaf	Food	The young shoots have a bitter, lemony flavour and are used in small quantities as a flavouring in cakes, salads and vinegars.	7,382
262	Southernwood	Leaf	Beverages	A tea is made from the young bitter shoots.	7,382
263	Southernwood	Leaf	Medicinal	The herb, and especially the young flowering shoots, is anthelmintic, antiseptic, cholagogue, deobstruent, emmenagogue, stomachic and tonic	7,382
264	Southernwood	Leaves and petioles	Industrial	The leaves have a refreshing lemon-like fragrance and are used in pot-pourri. A yellow dye is obtained from the branches.	7,382
265	Southernwood	Extract (oil)	Industrial	An essential oil from the leaves and flowering shoots is used in perfumery in order to add certain subtle tones.	7,382
266	Stemless Carline Thistle	Flower	Food	Flowering head can be cooked. Used as a globe artichoke substitute	7,384
267	Stemless Carline Thistle	Whole	Medicinal	It is occasionally used nowadays in the treatment of spasms of the digestive tract, gall bladder and liver disorders, dropsy, urine retention etc.	7,384
268	Tansy	Flower	Ornamental	NULL	7,385
269	Tansy	Leaf	Industrial	Leaf tips are still used today in the preparation of cosmetics and ointments. The essential oil is used in perfumery	7,385
270	Tansy	Leaf	Medicinal	Medicinally, leaves and flowers of T. vulgare have stimulating and tonic properties. An oil obtained from the flowers is used primarily as an anthelmintic. The unguent made from the leaves is said to be a folk remedy for tumours in the tendons.	7,385
271	Tansy	Leaf	Beverages	Teas made of T. vulgare are bitter beverages brewed from fresh or dried leaves and tops. The tea is said to have a calming effect.	7,385
272	Tansy	Leaf	Food	Fresh young leaves are used to spice omelettes, fish or meat pies.	7,385
273	Tarragon	Leaf	Food	The fresh or dried leaves of tarragon have a sweet anise-like scent and a peculiar bittersweet flavour and are used for seasoning foods like salads, soups, stews and sauces. They are particularly suited to flavour chicken, egg and lobster preparations	7,409
274	Tarragon	Leaf	Industrial	The leaves yield an essential oil (known as tarragon or estragon oil) which is used in perfumery.	7,409
275	Tarragon	Extract (oil)	Industrial	Tarragon oil also possesses bactericidal and nematicidal activity.	7,409
276	Triffid Weed	Whole	Environmental	It is used as a green manure and mulch crop.	7,410
277	Triffid Weed	Whole	Medicinal	Siam weed is used as a medicine for intestinal pains, colds and cough in the Caribbean region; in Ivory coast, for healing wounds, as a purgative, a remedy against cough, malaria, smallpox and yellow fever. In Thailand, C. odorata is traditionally used to stop bleeding.	7,410
278	Wild Sunflower	Whole	Ornamental	Tithonia diversifolia is a fast-growing species, used as a garden ornamental.	7,411
279	Wild Sunflower	Whole	Environmental	Tithonia diversifolia is a fast-growing species, used as a green manure in agroforestry systems.	7,411
280	Wild Sunflower	Forage (dry)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Tithonia diversifolia is a fast-growing species, used as a fodder crop for livestock such as goats and cattle.	7,411
281	Blessed Thistle	Leaf	Food	Young leaves can be eaten raw. The herb is used as a flavouring.	7,412
282	Blessed Thistle	Flower	Food	Flower heads, harvested before the flowers open, have been used as a globe artichoke.	7,412
283	Blessed Thistle	Whole	Medicinal	The whole plant is astringent, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, strongly emetic in large doses, emmenagogue, galactogogue, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. Although less widely used nowadays, it is still seen to have a wide range of applications though it is mainly employed as an ingredient in herbal tonics.	7,412
284	Blessed Thistle	Seed	Oil (Food)	A good quality oil is obtained from the seed.	7,412
285	Canadian Fleabane	Extract (oil)	Medicinal	In Japan and China, the essential oils from C. canadensis are used in the treatment of jaundice , and the oils have been observed to have antifungal effects.	7,419
286	Canadian Fleabane	Extract (oil)	Environmental	Plant extracts have some antifeedant effects on insect species, and as such have potential use as repellents in stored grains.	7,419
287	Common Groundsel	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	It serves as a favourite food for rabbits and the seeds are eaten by birds.	7,427
288	Common Groundsel	Leaves and petioles	Medicinal	It is of medicinal value, used internally and externally at the flowering stage and before head opening, while leaves and juice of the plant can also be used the year around to treat a wide range of medical conditions.	7,427
289	German Chamomile	Flower	Beverages	The tea made from the flower heads of German chamomile is becoming increasingly popular and sometimes those flower heads are added to teas to increase flavour and bulk.	7,432
290	German Chamomile	Flower	Medicinal	The most widespread use of chamomile flowers on the market is as a herbal remedy. German chamomile is widely used medicinally as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antispasmodic and sedative agent. Hydrophobic and hydrophillic components of German chamomile relax smooth muscles.	7,432
291	German Chamomile	Whole	Oil (Food)	The whole plant yields an essential oil which is sparingly used as a flavouring agent in liquors, particularly of the French type, and in confections, desserts, jellies, ice cream, candy, baked goods and chewing gum.	7,432
292	German Chamomile	Whole	Industrial	The whole plant yields an essential oil which it is also used in perfumes, where it imparts pleasing and warm tonalities, and in shampoos, hair dyes and other cosmetics.	7,432
293	Lady's Thistle	Flower	Food	Flower buds can be cooked. A globe artichoke substitute, they are used before the flowers open. The flavour is mild and acceptable, but the buds are quite small and even more fiddly to use than globe artichokes.	7,438
294	Lady's Thistle	Leaf	Food	Leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. The very sharp leaf-spines must be removed first, which is quite a fiddly operation. The leaves are quite thick and have a mild flavour when young, at this time they are quite an acceptable ingredient of mixed salads.	7,438
295	Lady's Thistle	Seed	Oil (Food)	A good quality oil is obtained from the seeds.	7,438
296	Lady's Thistle	Seed	Beverages	The roasted seed is a coffee substitute.	7,438
297	Lady's Thistle	Whole	Medicinal	Recent research has confirmed that it has a remarkable ability to protect the liver from damage resulting from alcoholic and other types of poisoning. The whole plant is astringent, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, hepatic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic.	7,438
298	Red Tasselflower	Leaf	Food	The use of emilia as a vegetable is reported from the whole of South-East Asia (with the exception of Papua New Guinea), and also from some other parts of the world (West Africa).	7,440
299	Red Tasselflower	Whole	Medicinal	The plant has many medicinal applications. It is administered internally against fever, coughs and diarrhoea, as well as externally as a poultice for sores and swellings, drops for dim eyes and sore ears.	7,440
300	Safflower	Seed	Oil (Food)	The edible oil extracted from the seed is now the main product of safflower. Although the oil is suitable for paint production, it is used almost exclusively in cooking, making salad dressings and margarine.	7,442
301	Safflower	Flower	Industrial	Safflower has long been grown for the dye extracted from the florets. Depending on the dyeing procedure and the addition of other colourants and mordants, it imparts a yellow, red, brown or purple colour to cloth.	7,442
302	Safflower	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The seed cake can be used as animal feed. Increased protein and lysine content, reduced fibre content and the removal of the bitter principle matairesinol monoglucoside make safflower meal more attractive to stock feed manufacturers.	7,442
303	Safflower	Seed	Food	Safflower meal and flour from decorticated seeds are high-protein human diet supplements. The flour can be added to wheat flour to make breads and pies.	7,442
304	Safflower	Leaf	Food	In Asian countries, the young leaves are eaten as a vegetable.	7,442
305	Safflower	Forage (dry)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Safflower herbage is valuable as green fodder or stored as hay or silage.	7,442
306	Safflower	Flower	Medicinal	In China, the flowers are used to treat illnesses such as cerebral thrombosis, male sterility, rheumatism and bronchitis, to induce labour and as a tonic tea to invigorate blood circulation and the heart. Safflower-based medicines also show beneficial effect on pain and swelling associated with trauma.	7,442
307	Bachelor's Button	Flower	Food	Flowers can be eaten raw or cooked. The fresh florets can be used in salads. They are used as a vegetable or a garnish. An edible blue dye is obtained from the flowers, used for colouring sugar and confections.	7,444
308	Bachelor's Button	Whole	Medicinal	Cornflower has a long history of herbal use, though it is seldom employed nowadays. In France it is still used as a remedy for tired eyes, but opinions differ as to its efficacy. An infusion can be used in the treatment of dropsy, constipation, or as a mouthwash for ulcers and bleeding gums.	7,444
309	Bachelor's Button	Flower	Industrial	A blue ink and a dye is obtained from the petals mixed with alum-water. The dye gives a lovely colour to linen, but it is transient. The dried petals are used in pot-pourri in order to add colour.	7,444
310	Bachelor's Button	Flower	Ornamental	Grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and as a cutflower in Canada for florists.	7,444
311	Beggar's Tick	Leaf	Food	In sub-Saharan Africa, the fresh or dried tender shoots and young leaves are used as a leaf vegetable especially in times of food scarcity. It is an ingredient of sauces accompanying the staple food.	7,451
312	Beggar's Tick	Leaf	Medicinal	Bidens pilosa is used as a medicinal plant in many regions of Africa, Asia and tropical America. Roots, leaves and seed have been reported to possess antibacterial, antidysenteric, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, diuretic, hepato-protective and hypotensive activities.	7,451
313	Beggar's Tick	Whole	Industrial	In Nanyuki, Kenya, Bidens pilosa is collected for the extraction of natural dyes.	7,451
314	Beggar's Tick	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Livestock browses on the plants and in South Africa Bidens pilosa has been used as a fodder for pigs.	7,451
315	Brown Radiant Knapweed	Whole	Ornamental	Centaurea jacea has been grown both as an ornamental garden plant and as a crop.	7,461
316	Feverfew	Flower	Beverages	A tea is made from the dried flowers.	7,462
317	Feverfew	Flower	Food	The dried flowers are used as a flavouring in cooking certain pastries. The plant is used in cooking to impart a deliciously aromatic bitter taste to certain foods.	7,462
318	Feverfew	Whole	Medicinal	Feverfew has gained a good reputation as a medicinal herb and extensive research since 1970 has proved it to be of special benefit in the treatment of certain types of migraine headaches and rheumatism.	7,462
319	Feverfew	Flower	Environmental	The dried flower buds are a source of an insecticide.	7,462
320	Great Burdock	Whole	Medicinal	A. lappa is well known as a medicinal plant. It possesses heart stimulant, stomachic, anodyne, anti-scorbutic, antipyretic, laxative, diaphoretic, depurative, anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties.	7,465
321	Great Burdock	Root	Industrial	The root contains an essential oil.	7,465
322	Great Burdock	Leaf	Food	In Japan, A. lappa , called "(yama-)gobo", is a popular vegetable. North American Indians eat the young leaves as well as the fresh or dried roots.	7,465
323	Great Burdock	Root	Food	The slightly fibrous mucilaginous roots have a sweetish taste and are consumed raw or cooked. North American Indians eat the young leaves as well as the fresh or dried roots.	7,465
324	Great Burdock	Leaves and petioles	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	In Europe cows eat the leaves readily, but they may give milk a bitter flavour if eaten in large quantities.	7,465
325	Grindelia	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves and flowering tops are antiphlogistic, antispasmodic, balsamic, demulcent, expectorant, sedative, stomachic and a vascular tonic. The plant is applied externally as a compress on inflamed or irritated areas of the skin.	7,467
326	Grindelia	Flower	Industrial	Yellow and green dyes are obtained from the flowering heads and pods.	7,467
327	Grindelia	Root	Environmental	A decoction of the roots has been used as a hair shampoo to kill lice.	7,467
328	Ox Eye Daisy	Flower	Food	The oxeye daisy is mildly aromatic, like its close cousin, chamomile. The leaves and flowers are edible, though palatability may vary.	7,470
329	Ox Eye Daisy	Whole	Medicinal	A tea of the plant is useful for relaxing the bronchials. It is diuretic and astringent, useful for stomach ulcers and bloody piles or urine. Also used as a vaginal douche for cervical ulceration. The daisy is aromatic, used as an antispasmodic for colic and general digestive upset.	7,470
330	Ox Eye Daisy	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Sheep, goats and horses eat the oxeye daisy, but cows and pigs do not like it.	7,470
331	Meadow Salsify	Root	Food	The root can be eaten raw or cooked. The roots have a sweet flavour due to their inulin content.	7,471
332	Meadow Salsify	Leaf	Food	Young leaves and shoots can be eaten raw or cooked. They can be added to mixed salads or used in soups etc. The leaves are best used as they come into growth in the spring.	7,471
333	Meadow Salsify	Root	Medicinal	Goat's beard is considered to be a useful remedy for the liver and gallbladder. It appears to have a detoxifying effect and may stimulate the appetite and digestion. Its high inulin content makes this herb a useful food for diabetics since inulin is a nutrient made of fructose rather than glucose units and therefore does not raise blood sugar levels. The root is astringent, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, nutritive and stomachic. A syrup made from the root gives great relief in cases of obstinate coughs and bronchitis.	7,471
334	Pot Marigold	Whole	Ornamental	The pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) is grown especially for ornamental purposes.	7,474
335	Pot Marigold	Whole	Industrial	The pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) is grown especially for ornamental purposes and is commonly found in herbal products and cosmetics.	7,474
336	Pot Marigold	Flower	Food	The petal-like ray flowers are edible and are sometimes used in salads.	7,474
337	Pot Marigold	Extract (oil)	Industrial	Calendula oil is made by infusing marigold flowers in a carrier oil. This oil can be used on its own or to make ointments, creams, or salves. Calendula can also be processed into a tincture, tea, and capsules.	7,474
338	Pot Marigold	Extract (oil)	Medicinal	Calendula oil may be an alternative remedy to treat various skin conditions as well as improve the quality and appearance of the skin. Calendula oil has antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties that might make it useful in healing wounds, soothing eczema, and relieving diaper rash. It’s also used as an antiseptic.	7,474
339	Sweet Wormwood	Whole	Medicinal	Used traditionally in China to treat fevers and hemorrhoids.	7,476
340	Sweet Wormwood	Extract (oil)	Industrial	As a source of essential oils for the perfume industry.	7,476
341	Sweet Wormwood	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Different tissues of the plant have been analyzed for its potential use in animal feed and scored high values for antioxidant capacity (ORAC and total phenolics) and as source of aminoacids, with negligible amounts of anti-nutritive components such as phytates and oxalates.	7,476
342	White Butterbur	Leaves and petioles	Food	The small fleshy petioles (leaf stems) are very palatable when cooked and eaten like asparagus.	7,487
343	White Butterbur	Root	Medicinal	The root is emmenagogue, hypnotic, sedative and vulnerary. The ground or finely chopped rhizome has a healing effect when applied to slow-healing or weak ulcers, or to suppurating wounds. An infusion of the leaves is a specific remedy for coughs. A homeopathic remedy is made from the roots. It is used in the treatment of wounds, ulcers etc.	7,487
344	White Butterbur	Whole	Ornamental	A good ground cover for the wilder areas of the garden. It is too invasive to be used in small gardens and is only suitable for covering large areas.	7,487
345	Wild Lettuce	Extract (oil)	Oil (Food)	A mild flavoured oil, used in cooking, is obtained from the seeds.	7,504
346	Wild Lettuce	Whole	Medicinal	The whole plant is rich in a milky sap that flows freely from any wounds. This hardens and dries when in contact with the air. The sap contains 'lactucarium', which is used in medicine for its anodyne, antispasmodic, digestive, diuretic, hypnotic, narcotic and sedative properties.	7,504
347	Yacon	Root	Food	They are usually eaten raw, (fresh or sun-dried) or steamed, baked, roasted, or juiced into syrup. In the Peruvian Andes where yacon production is flourishing, one can find yacon processed into almost anything in the local markets. Here in the U.S. several relatively new yacon root syrups are now available in health food stores and natural products markets as a low-calorie alternative to corn syrup or molasses.	7,507
348	Yacon	Root	Medicinal	In South American herbal medicine systems the tubers are taken raw as a diuretic for kidney and bladder problems while they decoct the leaves for cystitis, hepatosis, and nephrosis in Bolivia.	7,507
349	Yacon	Leaf	Medicinal	In Peru, the leaves are prepared into a warm poultice and used externally for myalgia and rheumatism. In Brazil the leaves of the plant are brewed into a tea as a natural remedy for diabetes.	7,507
350	Garde Robe	Whole	Medicinal	A. fragrantissima is especially popular in Egyptian folk medicine for the treatment of common health problems such as respiratory disease, eye infections, small pox, fever, gastrointestinal disturbances, diabetes, dysmenorrhea, headache or fatigue.	7,516
351	Garde Robe	Extract (oil)	Medicinal	A. fragrantissima essential oil shows antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis and gram-negative Escherichia coli.	7,516
352	Glacier Wormwood	Whole	Beverages	The herb is used as a flavouring in vermouth and liqueurs.	7,535
353	Glacier Wormwood	Whole	Medicinal	Glacier wormwood has similar medicinal properties to common wormwood, Artemisia absinthum. It is used locally where it grows wild. The whole plant is digestive, expectorant, sedative and stomachic. An infusion of the herb has a marked effect upon mountain sickness	7,535
354	Glacier Wormwood	Whole	Ornamental	The plant is grown as an ornamental in gardens.	7,535
355	Wormwood	Whole	Medicinal	Artemisia herba-alba is a popular herbal treatment in N. Africa, where it is considered to be a remedy for all kinds of ailments. The plant is considered to be carminative, cholagogue, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, sedative, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge.	7,543
356	Wormwood	Extract (oil)	Industrial	The leaves and stem contain an esential oil with irregular monoterpene alcohols; the sesquiterpene lactone santolin; herbolides A, B and C; thymol.	7,543
357	Wormwood	Whole	Oil (Fuel)	Widely used as a fuel plant.	7,543
358	African Lettuce	Leaf	Food	Yanrin leaves are eaten fresh as a salad or cooked in soups or sauces. Amongst the Yoruba people in Nigeria soup made of yanrin leaves, called ‘efo yanrin’ is popular.	7,544
359	African Lettuce	Forage (fresh)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	In northern Nigeria plants are fed to nursing cattle to increase milk production, and yanrin is given to livestock to induce multiple births.	7,544
360	Beluntas	Leaf	Food	Leaves, young tops and inflorescences, either raw or cooked, are consumed in Java as a side-dish to rice, or as a salad, and sometimes as components of a soup. In Thailand, the leaves are eaten as a flavouring.	7,546
361	Beluntas	Leaf	Medicinal	Indian sage is commonly used within its native range to treat a wide range of disorders.	7,546
362	Beluntas	Whole	Ornamental	The plant also provides edible leaves, and is cultivated in gardens as a hedge.	7,546
363	Bhringaraj	Whole	Medicinal	The herb is an Ayurveda and Yunani medicine. According to Ayurveda philosophy Eclipta is bitter, hot fattening, alterative, anthelminticum, and alexipharmic. It is useful in inflammations, hernia, eye diseases, bronchitis, asthama, leucoderma, anaemia, heart and skin diseases, right blindness, syphilis etc. It is reported as beneficial for complexion, hair, eyes, and teeth.	7,549
364	Black Salsify	Root	Food	Scorzonera roots are used as a cooked vegetable. They are peeled before or after boiling. In Europe, they are among the many canned and frozen commercial vegetables (‘salsifis’ in France).	7,551
365	Black Salsify	Leaf	Food	Young leaves are used as a salad.	7,551
366	Black Salsify	Root	Beverages	The roots have been used, like chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), as a coffee substitute.	7,551
367	Black Salsify	Whole	Medicinal	Medicinal uses as a diuretic, sudorific and depurative are reported from Spain and Portugal. A mixture of latex and milk is used as a cure for colds.	7,551
368	Common Sow-thistle	Leaf	Food	Throughout Africa, the primary use of Sonchus oleraceus is as a cooked leafy vegetable, but it is also eaten raw. The tender leaves are eaten as a salad.	7,554
369	Common Sow-thistle	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are said to clear infections, are used as a sedative, stomachic, diuretic and to treat liver diseases, including hepatitis. Further medicinal uses are the treatment of eye problems (Burundi), gastritis, salmonella infection (Madagascar), kwashiorkor and anaemia (Burundi, Sudan, Uganda).	7,554
370	Common Sow-thistle	Forage (dry)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Sow-thistle is a favourite food for rabbits and poultry and it is also used as fodder for cattle.	7,554
371	Redflower Ragleaf	Leaf	Food	C. crepidiodes is eaten by humans in many countries in Africa. Succulent leaves and stems are used as a vegetable in soups and stews, especially in West and Central Africa. In Sierra Leone the leaves are also popular and are made into a sauce with groundnut paste. In Australia this species is eaten as a salad green, either cooked or raw.	7,555
372	Redflower Ragleaf	Whole	Medicinal	C. crepidiodes is also used in traditional African medicine to treat indigestion, stomach ache, epilepsy, sleeping sickness, and swollen lips.	7,555
373	Redflower Ragleaf	Forage (fresh)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	C. crepidiodes is also used as green fodder for poultry and livestock.	7,555
374	Longevity spinach/Sambung Nyawa	Leaf	Food	The edible leaves are sometimes harvested from the wild for local consumption.	7,557
375	Longevity spinach/Sambung Nyawa	Leaf	Medicinal	The plant is febrifuge. It is used in the treatment of fevers, kidney troubles and dysentery. The semi-succulent leaves are applied externally to relieve rheumatic pains and general body-pains.	7,557
376	Toothache Plant	Leaf	Food	The raw leaves are used as a flavouring for salads, soups and meats in Brazil and India.	7,563
377	Toothache Plant	Whole	Ornamental	It is grown widely as an ornamental because of the attractive colourful heads.	7,563
378	Toothache Plant	Whole	Medicinal	The most common and widespread medicinal use is to treat toothache and throat and gum infections. The plant is further recommended as a cure for dysentery and rheumatism, and to enhance the immune system. It is used against blood parasites, especially against malaria, both prophylactic and curative.	7,563
380	Wild Chamomile	Flower	Beverages	It is one of two species commonly used for making the tisane (herbal infusion) called chamomile tea. Chamomile tea, one of the world’s most popular herbal teas, is made from dried flowers of either plant steeped in hot water.	7,588
381	Wild Chamomile	Extract (oil)	Industrial	Other preparations such as tinctures, poultices, and lotions are used as traditional medicines, and essential oils are used in aromatherapy and cosmetic preparations.	7,588
382	Wild Chamomile	Whole	Medicinal	The terpenes and fl avonoids found in the oil of the fl owers have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiphlogistic properties (topical anti-infl ammatory activity) and some studies have shown potential therapeutic effects, but the value of plant preparations in treating a wide variety of conditions from eczema to diabetes to cancer has not been conclusively shown with evidence-based research.	7,588
383	Field Bindweed	Root	Medicinal	C. arvensis has a number of medicinal properties and resins from the root may act as a diuretic and a laxative.	7,589
384	Field Bindweed	Leaf	Beverages	The plant is also used as a flavouring in a liqueur. The tea made from leaves may be used to treat fevers and wounds.	7,589
385	Field Bindweed	Whole	Industrial	Dyes can be obtained from the plant.	7,589
386	Lesser Dodder	Whole	Medicinal	Clover dodder is used in traditional medicine as a purgative and to treat disorders of the liver, spleen and urinary tract. However, there has been little scientific investigation into the actual effectiveness of its use.	7,590
387	Kidney Leaf Morning Glory	Leaf	Food	Young shoots can be cooked and eaten as a pot herb. The leaves are also used in soups	7,591
388	Kidney Leaf Morning Glory	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves and young shoots are alterative, deobstruent, diuretic, laxative and purgative. They are used in the treatment of rheumatism, neuralgia and headache. An infusion of the leaves, added to lumps of sugar, is used as a remedy for cough. A decoction of the leaves and tops is sometimes used as a diuretic.	7,591
389	Bloodtwig Dogwood	Fruit	Food	Fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. A bitter flavour, it can also have an emetic effect on the body.	7,592
390	Bloodtwig Dogwood	Seed	Oil (Food)	An oil is obtained from the seed and fleshy pericarp.	7,592
391	Bloodtwig Dogwood	Bark	Medicinal	The bark is astringent and febrifuge. It is used to treat fevers.	7,592
392	Bloodtwig Dogwood	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are sometimes used externally as an astringent.	7,592
393	Bloodtwig Dogwood	Seed	Industrial	The seed contains up to 45% of a non-drying oil, it is used in soap making and lighting.	7,592
394	Bloodtwig Dogwood	Fruit	Industrial	A greenish-blue dye is obtained from the fruit.	7,592
395	Bloodtwig Dogwood	Stem	Industrial	The young stems are very flexible and are used in basketry. The thin, flexible branches are used in the manufacture of baskets, hoops, and pipe stems.	7,592
396	Bloodtwig Dogwood	Bark	Industrial	A good quality charcoal is obtained from the wood. The wood also makes an excellent fuel.	7,592
397	Canadian Dwarf Cornel	Fruit	Food	Bunchberry fruit is said to edible, but not very flavorful. The fruits reportedly can be consumed raw or cooked. Native Americans used them in puddings and sauces, ate them raw, or dried them for winter use.	7,595
398	Canadian Dwarf Cornel	Fruit	Medicinal	Bunchberry was used medicinally by a number of native American groups. For instance, the Abnaki used an infusion of the leaves as a cathartic tea. The Hoh used an infusion of the bark as a tonic. The Iroquois took a decoction of the whole plant for coughs and fevers.	7,595
399	Canadian Dwarf Cornel	Fruit	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Bunchberry fruits are eaten by American Black Bears and small mammals. Eastern Chipmunks, American Martens, Eastern Cottontails, and Snowshoe Hares feed on bunchberry stems and fruits.	7,595
400	Canadian Dwarf Cornel	Forage (fresh)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Bunchberry provides a food source for some species of wildlife. In some parts of its range, White-tailed Deer consume Bunchberry foliage, as do caribou, moose, and elk, although this plant does not appear to be a preferred food source for any of them	7,595
401	Cornelian Cherry	Fruit	Food	Fruit can be eaten raw, dried or used in preserves. Juicy, with a nice acid flavour. The fully ripe fruit has a somewhat plum-like flavour and texture and is very nice eating, but the unripe fruit is rather astringent. It is rather low in pectin and so needs to be used with other fruit when making jam. The fruit makes superb jams, stewed fruits, jellies, marmelades, beverages and wines.	7,596
402	Cornelian Cherry	Seed	Oil (Food)	A small amount of edible oil can be extracted from the seeds. The seeds can also be roasted, ground into a powder and used as a coffee substitute.	7,596
403	Cornelian Cherry	Leaf	Beverages	The leaves can be used as a tea substitute.	7,596
404	Cornelian Cherry	Bark	Industrial	The bark, branches and leaves contain tannins and yield red dyes as well as a yellow dye for fabrics. The wood, bark and leaves contain a high quality tannin suitable for tanning yellow even thick hides. The thin trunks make excellent walking sticks and canes. The wood is of a fine texture, very hard, very heavy, durable, very solid, resilient, difficult to split and readily polished. It is heavier than water and does not float. Highly valued by turners, it is used for making tools, machine parts, etc. It can be used to replace box-wood (Buxus species) as material for handles, such as heavy blacksmith sledge hammers, cogs in millers' wheels, buttons, or shuttles.	7,596
405	Cornelian Cherry	Whole	Ornamental	The plant responds well to trimming and is very suitable for growing as a hedge and often grown as an ornamental in gardens.	7,596
406	Biting Stonecrop	Whole	Ornamental	Excellent ground cover. Possible lawn substitute with minimal foot traffic. Sunny border fronts or rock gardens. Atop rock walls. Walkways. Ground cover for hot sites with poor soils.	7,598
407	Cobweb house-leek	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are emollient, haemostatic, ophthalmic and sedative. The crushed plant, or its juice, is applied externally to boils, wounds etc and is also used to stop nose bleeds. The slightly warmed juice has been used to relieve ear inflammations and toothaches can be relieved by chewing on the leaves.	7,599
408	Kidneywort	Leaf	Food	Leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. A very acceptable mild flavour in the winter and early spring, they can be used in quantity in salads at this time.	7,600
409	Kidneywort	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are mildly analgesic. The juice and extract of the plant have an old reputation for the treatment of epilepsy. The leaves are also made into a poultice and used in the treatment of piles, slight burns and scalds. A decoction of the leaves is considered to be cooling and diuretic and the juice taken inwardly is said to be excellent for treating inflammations of the liver and spleen.	7,600
410	Buffalo Gourd	Fruit	Food	Fruit can be cooked. Used as a vegetable, it can also be dried for later use. The young fruit is used, it is bitter and becomes more bitter as it gets older.	7,604
411	Buffalo Gourd	Seed	Food	Seed can be eaten raw or cooked. The seeds can be ground into a powder and used as a thickening in soups or can be mixed with cereal flours when making cakes and biscuits. Rich in oil with a very pleasant nutty flavour, but very fiddly to use because the seed is small and covered with a fibrous coat.	7,604
412	Buffalo Gourd	Seed	Oil (Food)	An edible oil is obtained from the seed.	7,604
413	Buffalo Gourd	Root	Food	Root are the source of a starch that is used as a sweetener, stabilizer or for making puddings like tapioca. Some caution is advised.	7,604
414	Buffalo Gourd	Fruit	Medicinal	Buffalo gourd was employed medicinally by many native North American tribes who used it particularly in the treatment of skin complaints. It is still employed in modern herbalism as a safe.	7,604
415	Buffalo Gourd	Fruit	Industrial	The fruit is used as a soap substitute. The fruit is cut up and simmered in water to obtain the soap which can be used for removing stains. The fruit can also be dried and stored for later use. It is often used with the root which is also a soap substitute. The soap is said to be effective in removing stains from clothing.	7,604
416	Nara Melon	Seed	Food	The seeds of nara, known as butter-nuts or butterpips, are eaten either fresh or roasted as a snack food, or ground into flour for cooking with other dishes. They are a good substitute for almonds, and have been exported to bakeries in Cape Town for use in confectionery.	7,617
417	Nara Melon	Fruit	Food	In Namibia ripe fruits, which are sweet and juicy and about 900 g in weight, are either eaten raw and relished for their high water content, or made into a traditional preserve, the dried fruit pulp being made into flat cakes. Nara is also eaten as a famine food.	7,617
418	Nara Melon	Forage (fresh)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Young stem tips are browsed by livestock.	7,617
419	Nara Melon	Root	Medicinal	The bitter roots have medicinal value. Either chewed or made into a decoction, they are used to treat nausea, stomach-ache, venereal diseases, kidney problems, arteriosclerosis and chest pains. The crushed root mixed with fat is used to heal wounds.	7,617
420	Oyster Nut	Seed	Food	The seeds of Telfairia pedata are eaten raw, cooked or roasted and are said to taste as good as almonds or Brazil nuts.	7,626
421	Oyster Nut	Seed	Oil (Food)	The seed kernel contains an excellent edible oil, known as ‘oyster-nut oil’ or ‘koémé de Zanzibar’. It is useful in cosmetics and in soap and candle making.	7,626
422	Oyster Nut	Seed	Medicinal	The oil is used as medicine for stomach troubles and rheumatism in East Africa. The Wachagga of Tanzania use the seed as tonic after childbirth.	7,626
423	Oyster Nut	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	After oil extraction, the presscake makes valuable feed for livestock, being rich in protein.	7,626
424	Cushaw	Fruit	Food	Ripe fruit of Cucurbita argyrosperma are eaten as vegetables.	7,631
425	Cushaw	Fruit	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The ripe fruit is occasionally used to prepare sweets although it is used most frequently as feed for livestock and poultry.	7,631
426	Cushaw	Seed	Food	The seeds are eaten whole, roasted, toasted or ground and are the main ingredient of sauces used to prepare various stews (for example, pipián - meat cooked in thick chili sauce, mole verde - a stew prepared with chili and green tomatoes).	7,631
427	Cushaw	Seed	Oil (Food)	The seed is rich in oil and has a pleasant nutty flavour. It is used as a vegetable in pies etc, it can be stored for up to 6 months. The seeds yield an edible oil.	7,631
428	Cushaw	Fruit	Medicinal	Cucurbita argyrosperma also has medicinal properties. A liquid emulsion of its seed can act as a vermifuge, and the subsequent use of a laxative can effect an expulsion of parasitic worms.	7,631
429	Snake Gourd	Fruit	Food	Immature fruits, and more rarely young shoots and leaves of snake gourd are used as cooked vegetables. The fully mature fruit contains a soft, red, tomato-like pulp that is used in stews or sauces as a substitute for tomato puree or paste.	7,645
430	Snake Gourd	Fruit	Medicinal	An infusion of the young shoot is mildly aperient, the leaf sap is emetic and the seeds are anthelmintic and antiperiodic.	7,645
431	Squirting Cucumber	Fruit	Medicinal	The squirting cucumber has been used as a medicinal plant for over 2,000 years, though it has a very violent effect upon the body and currently has little use in modern herbalism. Medicinally, the plant is mostly known for its high content of cucurbitacins, which can provide the species with various biological activities.	7,646
432	Squirting Cucumber	Whole	Ornamental	It is sometimes grown in gardens as a curiosity.	7,646
433	Watermelon	Fruit	Food	Citrullus lanatus comprises overlapping groups of cultivars that yield seed or edible fruits.	7,658
434	Watermelon	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The residue from oil extraction is made into balls that are fried to produce a local snack called ‘robo’ in Nigeria, or is used as cattle feed.	7,658
435	Watermelon	Seed	Oil (Food)	A highly prized vegetable oil is extracted from the seed. This oil is used for cooking.	7,658
436	Watermelon	Extract (oil)	Industrial	This oil is used for cooking and for cosmetic purposes and is of interest to the pharmaceutical industry.	7,658
437	Colocynth	Fruit	Medicinal	Dried pulp of unripe fruit is used medicinally for its drastic purgative and hydragogue cathartic action on the intestinal tract. When the fruit is ripe its pulp dries to form a powder used as a bitter medicine and drastic purgative.	7,659
438	Gemsbok Cucumber	Fruit	Food	The mature fruits of Acanthosicyos naudinianus are eaten raw or roasted; unripe fruits cause a burning sensation of the tongue and lips when eaten raw. The fruit also provides an important source of water.	7,660
439	Sweet Gourd	Fruit	Food	The immature fruits are a well-known vegetable.	7,662
440	Sweet Gourd	Extract (oil)	Industrial	The seeds contain an oil which is used as an illuminant in Indo-China and may be applied in the formulation of paint and varnishes.	7,662
441	Sweet Gourd	Root	Industrial	The roots froth in water and may be used as a soap and to kill head lice.	7,662
442	Ivy Gourd	Fruit	Food	C. grandis is used in cooking and medicine. The immature fruit and shoot tips are used in Asian cooking, and the fruit is eaten in India and Ethiopia. C. grandis is commonly used as a wild vegetable in rural areas of Kannauj districts in Uttar Pradesh, India.	7,663
443	Ivy Gourd	Fruit	Medicinal	C. grandis is reported to have a wide range of medicinal properties. Pekamwar et al. (2013) reported C. grandis to have ‘analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, antimalarial, antidyslipidemic, anticancer, antitussive [and] mutagenic’ properties. Very low concentrations of crude extract of C. grandis were shown to have an inhibitory effect on the cervical cancer cell line HeLa.	7,663
444	White-seed Melon	Seed	Oil (Food)	Egusi-itoo is mainly grown for its oily seed. An expensive semi-drying oil is extracted from the kernel, whereas the residue is fed to animals or used in the preparation of local snacks. The oil is suitable for cooking, soap making and, less commonly, illumination. It can readily be refined into superior products for table use. It is of better quality and higher value than cottonseed oil. The flesh of the fruit, though edible, is not commonly eaten.	7,666
445	White-seed Melon	Seed	Food	The kernels are milled into a whitish paste which is used in soups and stews. The seeds (including seedcoat) are also roasted and served as a snack. They resemble groundnut in flavour.	7,666
446	Coachwood	Bark	Industrial	Coachwood was highly sought after in WWII for its timber use in rifle stocks, it is a light weight timber and was also used for aircraft frames in WWII. The wood was also popular for furniture and cabinet manufacturing.	7,678
447	Crabapple	Fruit	Food	Fruit can be eaten raw. A sour flavour. The fruit is a white to yellowish, ovoid to globose drupe about 10 - 15mm in diameter.	7,682
448	Crabapple	Bark	Industrial	The tree seldom grows large enough to produce a millable log in the tropical northern part of its range, but produces a useful timber in the warm temperate and subtropical areas. The wood is not durable, but is easily worked, peels and turns well, glues readily and is easily stained. A useful wood for cabinet making and general purposes.	7,682
449	Leatherwood	Bark	Industrial	The pink to brown heartwood is straight grained with a fine uniform texture. The wood is tough, of medium strength and with visible growth rings. It has good working properties, glues, nails, bends and polishes well.	7,683
450	Leatherwood	Bark	Medicinal	A fragrant resin exuded by the plant is antiseptic, styptic.	7,683
451	Leatherwood	Whole	Ornamental	It is often grown as an ornamental, where it can be used as a hedge.	7,683
452	Jipijapa Palm	Whole	Ornamental	C. palmata is grown pantropically as an ornamental.	7,684
453	Jipijapa Palm	Leaf	Industrial	C. palmata is, however, used in Central America for making lesser-quality hats for local use. In South-East Asia hats are made of C. palmata in Indonesia and the Philippines, mainly for the tourist industry. In pre-Columbian times, South American Indians used C. palmata leaves to weave mats. Older and coarser leaf material still widely serves for making mats, baskets, cigar cases, small bags and similar objects, whereas mature leaves and the stiff outer leaf segments are made into brooms.	7,684
454	Galingale	Whole	Ornamental	NULL	7,685
455	Galingale	Root	Food	The crisp starchy tuberous roots are edible and have an sweet aromatic mossy violet-like fragrance that made it a prized and much-used spice in the medieval kitchen.	7,685
456	Edible Spike Rush	Tuber	Food	Chinese water chestnut (tuber or corm) is used as a vegetable both raw or cooked in numerous local dishes such as omelets, soups, salads, meat and fish dishes, and even in sweet dishes in China. The larger corms are widely eaten raw as a substitute for fresh fruits. The smaller corms are used principally for making starch. In Indonesia and the Philippines, the corms are usually made into chips ("emping teki").	7,686
457	Edible Spike Rush	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	They are also used as cattle feed or as mulch.	7,686
458	Edible Spike Rush	Stem	Industrial	Stems are used for making sleeping mats (Sumatra, Sulawesi) and skirts (Papua New Guinea).	7,686
459	Erima	Bark	Industrial	The wood is used for several purposes, especially where strength is not important. The wood can only be used under cover for light furniture and joinery, interior finish, mouldings, wide shelves, louvred doors, coffin boards, large dugout canoes, rafts, sledges, jungle drums, concrete shuttering, packing, low-quality crates and boxes, buoys and fish-net floats, matchboxes, back and core veneer, firewood, chipboard and fibreboard, and for pulp and paper manufacture. The inner bark contains a yellow dye.	7,687
460	Erima	Leaf	Medicinal	Young leaves are eaten as vegetable and the juice is used in local medicine to treat stomach-ache.	7,687
461	Elephant Apple	Fruit	Food	Fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. The aromatic, acid, juicy fruit is usually used in curries, preserves, drinks or fermented into vinegar. The fruits have a similar taste and flavour to unripe apple.	7,708
462	Elephant Apple	Fruit	Medicinal	The fruit is tonic and laxative. It is used in the treatment of abdominal disorders, and is mixed with sugar to be used against coughs.	7,708
463	Elephant Apple	Fruit	Industrial	The fruits can be rubbed in water to make a soap. The pulp is used as a hair wash.	7,708
464	Dillenia	Fruit	Food	NULL	7,719
465	Dillenia	Fruit	Medicinal	According to Ayurveda, the plant pacifies vitiated vata, kapha. It is used to treat anal fistula, wounds, diabetes, diabetic carbuncle, neuritis, pleurisy, pneumonia, and burning sensation.	7,719
466	Dillenia	Bark	Industrial	A fibre obtained from the inner bark is used for cordage. The wood is used for planking, house posts and furniture. The wood, though of rather good quality, is rarely used because of its crookedness. A rather good quality charcoal is made from the wood.	7,719
467	African Bitter Yam	Root	Food	Root should be cooked first before eat. The roots are collected, peeled, cut into small pieces and soaked overnight to remove toxic substances before being cooked. Then they are washed, sliced and dried in the sun. The dried slices are pounded into flour and used for uji or ugali.	7,720
468	African Bitter Yam	Root	Medicinal	The tuber is boiled and eaten, or the liquid can be drunk, in the treatment of jaundice and malaria. The root is considered a cure for schistosomiasis. The powder obtained from dried and pounded roots is soaked in water and used to treat bilharzia. The root is used topically as an anodyne to relieve pain.	7,720
469	Barbasco Yam	Root	Medicinal	The root is sometimes grown for medicinal purposes. This is almost certainly for the diosgenin found in the roots, which is a precursor of certain female hormones and is extracted for pharmaceutical use.	7,721
470	Guinea Yam	Tuber	Food	The most popular yam in West Africa. The stem of this variety is round without wings and prickly at the base. The white flesh of the tubers produces a mealy starch. The tubers store well.	7,722
471	Guinea Yam	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	7,722
472	Lesser Yam	Tuber	Food	The tubers are eaten as a starchy staple, after cooking or roasting, and their taste is sweet and pleasant. Flour and starch are also extracted.	7,723
473	Potato Yam	Tuber	Food	The plant is often cultivated in tropical areas, mainly for its edible aerial bulbs. Aerial tubers should be cooked.An agreeable taste, they can be boiled, baked, fried etc. They must be thoroughly cooked in order to destroy toxic alkaloids. Wild forms of the plant are always toxic raw, though selected cultivars have been developed that are much lower, or even free from, the toxins.	7,724
474	Potato Yam	Tuber	Medicinal	Both the tuber and the bulbil of wild races have medicinal uses. n particular they are used externally, usually as a poultice, to treat wounds, sores, boils and inflammations; in dressings for treating dermal parasitic and fungal infections; or crushed, mixed with palm oil, and massaged onto areas of rheumatism, and for troubles of the breasts and for jiggers. In India the tuber is considered to be diuretic and to be a remedy for diarrhoea and haemorrhoids.	7,724
475	Water Yam	Tuber	Food	The tubers and larger bulbils of D. alata are consumed by humans as a starchy staple, after cooking in various ways.	7,734
476	Water Yam	Tuber	Medicinal	D. alata is also used in traditional medicine in Southeastern Asia.	7,734
477	Water Yam	Tuber	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Tubers and bulbils are also used as an animal feed resource.	7,734
478	Yam (Dioscorea floribunda)	Tuber	Food	The edible root is sometimes gathered from the wild for local use.	7,758
479	Yellow Yam	Tuber	Food	The tuber is used almost exclusively for human consumption.	7,766
480	Yellow Yam	Tuber	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Only the peels of the tuber are fed to animals.	7,766
481	Asiatic Bitter Yam/Gadung	Tuber	Food	The tuber of D. hispida is the chief famine food of tropical Asia, as is D. dumetorum (Kunth) Pax for Africa. The tuber is poisonous because of a high content of the alkaloid dioscorine. Its preparation for food requires much time and skill and includes slicing, washing the fresh or boiled tuber in several changes of salt water, or in running water, and a final check on whether all poison has been removed.	7,767
482	Asiatic Bitter Yam/Gadung	Tuber	Industrial	Starch extracted from the tubers can be used for culinary or industrial purposes, notably the manufacture of glucose.	7,767
483	Asiatic Bitter Yam/Gadung	Tuber	Medicinal	The pounded tubers are sometimes used externally as an antiseptic, and a decoction is drunk to alleviate chronic rheumatism.	7,767
484	Bush Yam	Tuber	Food	The tuber should be cooked first. Seen mainly as a food for use in times of shortage, usually only the lower portion is eaten, and then only while still young. Prolonged soaking of the tuber is required before it can be eaten, not so much because of any traces of toxicity as because of the woodiness of the tissue.	7,769
485	Bush Yam	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are squeezed in water, which is then added to gin and taken as a treatment for jaundice.	7,769
486	Wild Yam	Tuber	Food	The plant is widely cultivated in tropical areas of Asia for its edible root.	7,774
487	Wild Yam	Whole	Medicinal	A decoction of the plant is applied to swellings.	7,774
488	Yams	Tuber	Food	The rural and local people who use them as food supplements make them edible by different traditional practices.	7,779
489	Yams	Tuber	Medicinal	Dioscorea species with nutritive and antioxidant content not only enrich the diet of the local rural and local people but also make them ethnomedicinally important. Tubers of different species of Dioscorea are used for curing various diseases and ailments in different formulations.	7,779
490	Black Kongu	Bark	Industrial	Good source of valuable timber.	7,786
491	Boilam Tree	Bark	Industrial	The timber is used as mersawa.	7,788
492	Dau	Bark	Industrial	The timber is used as keruing.	7,789
493	Dau	Whole	Industrial	A wood-oil is collected from the tree.	7,789
494	Dhali Garjan	Bark	Industrial	D. gracilis is an important source of keruing, especially in Indo-China. A wood-oil can be obtained from the bole and is used as a varnish and for illumination.	7,795
495	Green Dammar Tree	Bark	Industrial	A dammar resin is obtained from the stems. Dammar is a hard resin, obtained from various trees of Southeast Asia. Traditionally, it is used for purposes such as caulking boats and baskets, as an adhesive, a medicine, as a fuel for torches and sometimes in foods. Commercially, it is an ingredient of inks, lacquers, oil paints, varnishes etc, and is used as a glazing agent in foods.	7,803
496	Green Dammar Tree	Bark	Industrial	The wood is smooth. The wood is used for house building, especially door frames, rafters and posts; it is also used for plough handles. It is especially in demand for use as house poles.	7,803
497	Gurjum Tree	Bark	Industrial	The timber is used as keruing; D. alatus is a very important source of construction timber in Indo-China and Thailand.	7,814
498	Hollong	Bark	Industrial	The timber is used in construction of house, especially for planking. Wood used for plywood, internal construction work and also used as railway sleepers. Oleoresin from the tree used as lubricant and in soap works.	7,822
499	Keruing	Bark	Industrial	The tree is harvested from the wild mainly for the oleo-resin in its trunk. This is used locally and also exported. The tree also yields a timber of low quality, though this is used on a large scale in the manufacture of plywood. It is also used locally for making torches; caulking boats (mixed with other ingredients); as a varnish and sometimes medicinally. Industrially, it is used in making paints for houses and ships, lithographic ink and an anti-corrosive coating composition for iron.	7,824
500	Keruing	Bark	Medicinal	A resin obtained from the tree is used in the treatment of ulcers, ring worms and other skin infections. It is a stimulant to mucous surfaces and is also a diuretic.	7,824
501	Makai	Wood	Industrial	The timber is the major source of white meranti. The resin, called "damar tenang", was once collected on a commercial scale in North Sulawesi.	7,825
502	Malabar Ironwood	Wood	Industrial	The tree produces a beautiful timber and is commonly harvested from the wild, both for local use and for trade. The wood can be used in construction, shipbuilding, making rice mills etc. It is valued in southern India for building temples.	7,826
503	Merawan Siput Jantan	Wood	Industrial	The timber is used as merawan. The wood is suitable for rollers in the textile industry, piles, and bridge construction and as an alternative to maple for shoe and boot lasts. The bark has a high tannin content, and is suitable for tanning leather; it also produces an inferior quality dammar ("rock dammar").	7,827
504	Merawan Siput Jantan	Bark	Medicinal	The dammar is medicinally applied to sores and wounds. In Indo-China the bark has been used as a masticatory.	7,827
505	Merawan Siput Jantan	Whole	Ornamental	H. odorata is sometimes used as a shade tree.	7,827
506	New Guinea Rosewood	Wood	Industrial	The tree is an important commercial source of wood for making plywood. The dark reddish-grey wood is hard, open-grained and not durable. It is used in construction and for making plywood It harvested from the wild both for its timber and its resin. An oleoresin is obtained from the wood.	7,828
507	Resak Bukit	Wood	Industrial	The timber is used as resak. The bark is used locally to prevent frothing in sweet palm juice and to arrest fermentation of toddy and local wine.	7,829
508	Resak Durian	Wood	Industrial	The wood is used as resak and is especially suitable for making boats.	7,830
509	Resak Hitam	Bark	Industrial	The timber is used as resak, especially for construction, house posts and boats. The bark is used locally to prevent frothing in sweet palm juice and to arrest fermentation of toddy and local wine.	7,831
510	Taloora Lac Tree	Wood	Industrial	The timber is used as white meranti. A low-quality resin is obtained from the tree. In Cambodia the bark is used as a masticatory in the betel-quid. The tree also produces a dye.	7,832
511	Thingam	Wood	Industrial	The tree is harvested from the wild for its timber, which is said to be the best timber of the region.	7,833
512	Thingam	Wood	Oil (Fuel)	The wood is an excellent fuel.	7,833
513	White Dammar	Bark	Medicinal	It is a multipurpose plant which has economic and medicinal importance. (1) Resin from V. indica is known as white ‘dammar’. Used for chronic bronchitis, piles, skin eruptions, ringworm, scrofula, tubercular glands, ulcers, wounds, boils; urinary discharges; amenorrhoea; gonorrhoea and syphilis.	7,834
514	White Dammar	Bark	Industrial	Resin from V. indica is known as white ‘dammar’. Apart from medicinal uses, it has long been used as incense, and for making varnishes. It is obtained by cutting notches in the tree when it exudes and gradually hardens.	7,834
515	Engkabang Jantong	Wood	Industrial	The timber is used as a light red meranti. Being one of the lightest in this trade group it is sometimes regarded as a white meranti or traded separately as "kawang jantong". S. macrophylla is one of the most important sources of illipe nuts.	7,842
516	Sundew	Whole	Medicinal	Used as an antibiotic to combat bacteria infections: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Pneumococcus. It is also effective in respiratory relief of afflictions such as bronchitis, whooping cough, and asthma. There has been some discussion as to its effectiveness in treatment of warts and corns.	7,844
517	African Ebony	Wood	Industrial	The wood is used for posts in house construction, flooring, joinery, furniture, ship building, vehicle bodies, musical instruments such as drums, household utensils such as cups, spoons, pestles and mortars, tool handles, walking sticks, combs, agricultural implements such as ploughs, boxes, carvings and turnery. The wood is also used as firewood, and is valued for charcoal production.	7,847
518	African Ebony	Fruit	Food	The fruit is sweet but acidulous with a slight lemon-like taste. It is often eaten raw when fully ripe, particularly by children, but sometimes also dried and kept for later use when food is scarce at the end of the dry season. They can be ground into a flour, which is sometimes an ingredient of porridge.	7,847
519	African Ebony	Fruit	Beverages	The fruits are also used in the production of fruit juice and alcoholic drinks.	7,847
520	African Ebony	Leaf	Food	The leaves are occasionally eaten as vegetable, and the foliage is browsed by livestock.	7,847
521	African Ebony	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The leaves are occasionally eaten as vegetable, and the foliage is browsed by livestock.	7,847
523	African Ebony	Bark	Industrial	The gum from the bark is used to mend broken pottery, and fruit pulp to glaze and varnish pottery.	7,847
524	African Ebony	Whole	Ornamental	Diospyros mespiliformis is planted for re-afforestation, as ornamental shade tree and as windbreak.	7,847
525	African Ebony	Whole	Medicinal	Various parts of the tree are used in traditional medicine.	7,847
526	Black Sapote	Fruit	Food	The fruits are eaten when fully ripe and soft. The pulp, which is contained within a thin skin, is soft, sweet, smooth, and pale brown in colour.	7,874
527	Black Sapote	Wood	Industrial	The wood is yellowish to deep-yellow with black markings near the heart of old trunks; it is compact and suitable for cabinetwork, but is little used.	7,874
528	Black Sapote	Bark	Medicinal	Various preparations of bark and leaves have been used medicinally against fever and skin disease.	7,874
529	Malabar Ebony	Wood	Industrial	Wood occasionally used for timber.	7,889
530	Malabar Ebony	Fruit	Food	Ripe fruit eaten raw, and are reportedly tasty or astringent.	7,889
531	Malabar Ebony	Bark	Medicinal	Bark and seeds used in medicine, for treating ulcers and wounds, and as a gargle for sore throats.	7,889
532	Tendu	Wood	Industrial	Heartwood used as ebony, black, often streaked with purple or brown bands; sapwood a good timber; wood a good fuelwood	7,891
533	Tendu	Fruit	Food	NULL	7,891
534	Tendu	Leaf	Food	The leaves are higly esteemed for wrapping bidis. Their flavour, flexibility and resistance to decay are properties which are particularly valued for this use.	7,891
535	Tendu	Whole (without root)	Medicinal	The leaves, flowers and bark have medicinal properties.	7,891
536	Russian Olive	Fruit	Food	E. angustifolia fruit are olive-shaped yellow drupes that are edible and taste slightly sweet and pleasant to the taste; it is thought to be the wild olive described by writers of Ancient Greek. The fruit is apparently sold in Turkish markets as “ighide agaghi”.	7,893
537	Russian Olive	Fruit	Beverages	The fruit is consumed fresh and dried in Turkey, Iran and Greece and is used for making alcoholic drinks or preserves such as marmalade.	7,893
538	Russian Olive	Whole	Ornamental	E. angustifolia has values as an ornamental, and for landscaping, wildlife, revegetation and mine reclamation, though it is not a major source of raw materials where introduced. Although short lived it is a useful landscaping tree for its foliage colour especially useful for hedging.	7,893
539	Russian Olive	Wood	Industrial	The timber is hard and brownish-yellow with a beautiful grain, being similar to that of white elm (Ulmus pumila, Ulmus americana). It can be used to make farm tools, furniture, mining poles and civil construction, and makes a good fuel and useful fenceposts.	7,893
540	Russian Olive	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The tree is considered a good source for bee foraging. Foliage, however, has low palatability for most livestock, though young leaves may be browsed.	7,893
541	Russian Olive	Whole (without root)	Medicinal	The leaves, shoots, flowers, fruits and bark have been traditionally used in Chinese medicine. All parts of the tree are used in ethnomedicine to treat a range of conditions. It has a range of activities including astringent, antitussive, antiinflammatory and carminative and well as beneficial effects on joint and arthritic pain, and wound healing. It has also been used as a female aphrodisiac, a liver and spleen tonic, a treatment for diarrhoea, osteoporosis and stomach problems.	7,893
542	Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae salicifolia)	Fruit	Food	A very nutritious food, and possibly the most nutritious fruit that can be grown in temperate climates. It is very rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C, plus minerals and bioflavonoids, and is also a source of essential fatty acids.	7,907
543	Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae salicifolia)	Extract (oil)	Medicinal	The tender branches and leaves contain bio-active substances which are used to produce an oil that is quite distinct from the oil produced from the fruit. This oil is used as an ointment for treating burns. A high-quality medicinal oil is made from the fruit and used in the treatment of cardiac disorders, it is also said to be particularly effective when applied to the skin to heal burns, eczema and radiation injury, and is taken internally in the treatment of stomach and intestinal diseases.	7,907
544	Carabeen	Wood	Industrial	The wood is suitable for furniture, flooring, lining, plywood, turning and internal joinery.	7,921
545	Silver Quandong	Whole	Ornamental	Large tree for parks and gardens, rainforest gardens, Australia native gardens.	7,932
546	Silver Quandong	Wood	Industrial	Timber is used for cabinet making, racing sculls, oars, aircraft construction.	7,932
547	Alpine-rose	Whole	Ornamental	It is sometimes grown as an ornamental in gardens, where it can be used to form a ground cover.	7,934
548	Alpine-rose	Whole	Medicinal	The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine.	7,934
549	Alpine-rose	Extract (oil)	Industrial	An extract of a culture of the leaf cells is used as an ingredient in commercial cosmetic preparations as a skin conditioner. An extract of the flowers is used as an ingredient in commercial cosmetic preparations as a skin conditioner.	7,934
550	Bilberry	Fruit	Food	Fruit of whortleberry is juicy, edible, and has a "nutlike flavor". Berries are eaten fresh or gathered for use in jams and jellies.	7,936
551	Bilberry	Leaf	Beverages	Leaves of whortleberry have been used to make tea.	7,936
552	Bilberry	Fruit	Medicinal	Both fruit and leaves are reported to have some medicinal value.	7,936
553	European Cranberry	Fruit	Food	It is also cultivated as a fruit crop.	7,937
554	European Cranberry	Fruit	Medicinal	The mature fruits are eaten fresh or dried as a remedy for diarrhoea and as a treatment for sore throats, coughs and colds.	7,937
555	European Cranberry	Leaf	Beverages	A tea is made from the leaves. This should not be drunk on a regular basis because it contains the toxin 'arbutin'.	7,937
556	European Cranberry	Whole	Ornamental	It is also cultivated as a fruit crop and is sometimes grown as an ornamental, where it can be used to form a ground cover.	7,937
557	European Cranberry	Leaf	Industrial	A yellow dye is obtained from the leaves and stems.	7,937
558	Heather	Flower	Medicinal	The flowering shoots are antiseptic, astringent, cholagogue, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, mildly sedative and vasoconstrictor. An infusion of the flowering shoots is used in the treatment of coughs, colds, bladder and kidney disorders, cystitis.	7,938
559	Heather	Flower	Beverages	A kind of mead was once brewed from the flowers and the young shoots have been used instead of hops to flavour beer.	7,938
560	High-bush Blueberry	Fruit	Food	The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. As well as being eaten raw, it is prepared in a wide range of ways. It can be smoke-dried, sun-dried, boiled, and baked in pies, pastries, cereals, jellies etc. The fruit can also be dried and used like raisins.	7,939
561	High-bush Blueberry	Leaf	Beverages	A tea is made from the leaves and dried fruit.	7,939
562	High-bush Blueberry	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are astringent, antiinflammatory, blood purifier. An infusion is used in the treatment of sore throats and other inflammations of the mouth or mucous membranes of the throat, as well as in the treatment of infant's colic.	7,939
563	Strawberry Tree	Fruit	Food	The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. Sweet but insipid. It does have a somewhat gritty skin, but the fruit itself has the texture of a lush tropical fruit and has a delicate pleasant flavour. For those people with sensitive taste buds, this is a fruit that can be enjoyed when eaten in moderate quantities.	7,940
564	Strawberry Tree	Whole	Medicinal	The leaves, bark and root are astringent and diuretic. They are also a renal antiseptic and so are of use in the treatment of affections of the urinary system such as cystitis and urethritis.	7,940
565	Strawberry Tree	Wood	Industrial	The wood makes a good charcoal. The wood is used for turning, making Greek flutes etc.	7,940
566	Black Crowberry	Fruit	Food	The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. It can taste slightly acid or insipid.	7,941
567	Black Crowberry	Leaf	Medicinal	The leafy branches have been used, especially for children with a fever, as a diuretic. A decoction of the leaves and stems, mixed with Hudson Bay tea and young spruce tree tips, has been used in the treatment of colds.	7,941
568	Black Crowberry	Fruit	Industrial	A purple dye is obtained from the fruit.	7,941
569	Bog Blueberry	Fruit	Food	The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. The fruit is cooked and used to make jams, jellies, pie fillings etc, and can also be dried and used like raisins.	7,942
570	Bog Blueberry	Fruit	Medicinal	The fruit contains tannins, anthocyanoside, and flavonoids. A cold infusion of the dried fruit is used in the treatment of mucous membrane inflammation of the gastric and intestinal tract; diarrhoea, and bladder complaints.	7,942
571	Coca Leaf	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are also used to make various preparations that are employed in modern medicine. Widely used as the source of the street drug cocaine, the leaves have long been used by local people as a stimulant to overcome hunger and exhaustion. An infusion of the leaves serves also as remedy for altitude sickness, the feared 'soroche'.	7,944
572	African Nut Tree	Seed	Oil (Food)	The seeds of Ricinodendron heudelotii are widely used in cooking in West and Central Africa. An edible oil is extracted from the seeds and a paste made by crushing dried kernels is sometimes used as a thickening agent for soups and stews.	7,946
573	African Nut Tree	Leaf	Food	The protein-rich leaves are eaten as a cooked vegetable with dried fish and are used as forage for goats and sheep.	7,946
574	African Nut Tree	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The protein-rich leaves are eaten as a cooked vegetable with dried fish and are used as forage for goats and sheep.	7,946
575	African Nut Tree	Wood	Industrial	The wood, called ‘erimado’ or ‘essessang’ in trade, is very light, soft and perishable, but is occasionally used in carving and for making household utensils, furniture, boxes and crates. The wood is also suitable for boat building, sporting goods, toys and novelties, hardboard, particle board, plywood, wood-wool and wood-pulp.	7,946
576	African Nut Tree	Bark	Medicinal	Bark of the root and stem is used in decoctions or lotions to treat constipation, cough, dysentery, rheumatism, rickets in children, oedema, elephantiasis, fungal infection, blennorrhoea, painful menstruation, and to prevent miscarriage, relieve pain in pregnant women, cure infertility in women, give strength to premature babies, and to mature abscesses, furuncles and buboes.	7,946
577	Barinas Nut	Seed	Oil (Food)	The seeds are a source of an edible oil rich in linoleic acid (34.4%).	7,950
578	Barinas Nut	Seed	Oil (Fuel)	The oil extracted from the shells and seeds is used as an illuminant.	7,950
579	Barinas Nut	Wood	Industrial	The wood is not regarded as valuable or durable. It is used for furniture. The wood is used to make an excellent charcoal.	7,950
580	Barinas Nut	Seed	Medicinal	Nuts and oil are an excellent cure for pulmonary complaints and dermatitis.	7,950
581	Bignay	Fruit	Food	Ripe fruit can be eaten raw; it stains mouth and fingers. Unripe berries are rather sour and since the berries in a bunch do not ripen evenly, the fruit is often used to make jam or jelly.	7,952
582	Bignay	Fruit	Beverages	Juice of fully ripened fruit serves as a refreshing drink and yields an excellent wine.	7,952
583	Bignay	Leaf	Food	The young leaves are also eaten in salads and cooked with rice.	7,952
584	Candlenut	Seed	Industrial	The fatty seed oil (kukui oil or lumbang oil) is not suitable for cooking, but is used in cosmetics, industrially (in paints, varnishes, linoleum, soap manufacture, wood preservation), for illumination (lamp oil, candles) and medicinally (mild purgative, embrocation for sciatica, against hair loss). In Indonesia the oil is used in the batik industry. For illumination, the oily kernels can be burnt as such, or pounded and made into candles.	7,969
585	Candlenut	Seed	Food	The seeds of a type in Vanuatu are eaten without any apparent toxic effect. In Indonesia the residual oil cake is sometimes processed into a snack-food called ‘dage kemiri’.	7,969
586	Candlenut	Seed	Food	In Indonesia there is a considerable internal trade in candlenuts, mainly with Java as the destination. Candlenut is traded and transported as stones or ‘nuts’. The seed of Aleurites moluccanus is an indispensable spice in Indonesian cuisine, where it is known as ‘kemiri’.	7,969
587	Candlenut	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The presscake is an excellent organic fertilizer rich in N and P; it should be used with caution as animal feed because of its toxic effects.	7,969
588	Candlenut	Whole	Ornamental	Aleurites moluccanus is commonly planted in villages and as roadside tree. Its silvery-green foliage makes it an attractive ornamental in landscaping.	7,969
589	Candlenut	Seed	Medicinal	In traditional medicine in Indonesia the seed is used as a laxative, pulped kernels are used in poultices to treat headache, fevers, ulcers, swollen joints and constipation.	7,969
590	Candlenut	Bark	Medicinal	The bark is used to treat dysentery, the bark sap (mixed with coconut milk) to treat sprue, and boiled leaves are applied externally to treat headache and gonorrhoea. In Japan the bark is used to treat tumours.	7,969
591	Castor Oil Plant	Seed	Oil (Food)	The seed contains 35 - 55% of an edible oil, used in cooking. It is used by the food industry to add butter and nut flavours to various foods.	7,977
592	Castor Oil Plant	Seed	Medicinal	The oil from the seed is a very well-known laxative that has been widely used for over 2,000 years. It is considered to be fast, safe and gentle, prompting a bowel movement in 3 - 5 hours, and is recommended for both the very young and the aged. It is so effective that it is regularly used to clear the digestive tract in cases of poisoning. The seed is anthelmintic, cathartic, emollient, laxative, purgative.	7,977
593	Castor Oil Plant	Seed	Industrial	The seed contains 35 - 55% of a drying oil. As well as being used in cooking, it is an ingredient in a wide range of commodities including imitation leather, soaps, polishes, flypapers, paints and varnishes. It is also used as a lubricant and for lighting and as an ingredient in fuels for precision engines. The oil is used in coating fabrics and other protective coverings, in the manufacture of high-grade lubricants, transparent typewriter and printing inks, in textile dyeing (when converted into sulphonated Castor Oil or Turkey-Red Oil, for dyeing cotton fabrics with alizarine) and in the production of 'Rilson', a polyamide nylon-type fibre. The dehydrated oil is an excellent drying agent which compares favourably with tung oil and is used in paints and varnishes. The hydrogenated oil is utilized in the manufacture of waxes, polishes, carbon paper, candles and crayons.	7,977
594	Castor Oil Plant	Stem	Fibre	A fibre for making ropes is obtained from the stems.	7,977
595	Castor Oil Plant	Leaf	Environmental	The leaves have insecticidal properties.	7,977
596	Chaya	Leaf	Food	Young chaya leaves and shoots are cooked and eaten, alone or in combination with other vegetables and meat in stews and soups. The leaves are only rarely eaten raw as fresh greens.	7,993
597	Chaya	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Chaya is also used as forage for domestic animals.	7,993
598	Chaya	Leaf	Medicinal	Medicinally, chaya has numerous characteristics, ranging from the ability to strengthen fingernails and darken graying hair. It is also used to cure alcoholism, diabetics, insomnia, skin disorders, venereal diseases, gout, scorpion stings and to improve brain function and memory.	7,993
599	False White Teak	Wood	Industrial	The wood of T. nudiflora is used for light construction, household implements, matches, packing cases and for rotary veneer. In India it is used for drums and carving.	7,995
600	False White Teak	Seed	Industrial	The seed yields an oil.	7,995
601	Hairy Mahang	Bark	Industrial	The bark contains tannin which is used for toughening fishing nets. Nets dipped in a decoction of the bark will stand the influence of sea-water for a considerable time. In Indonesia and the Philippines, the kino tapped from the bark is used as a glue, particularly for fastening together parts of musical instruments. The timber is not used on a large scale, but in Sumatra it is used to make ladders for picking pepper and in the Philippines wooden shoes are made from it, whereas in Malaysia it serves to build temporary houses. The bark is used for making food containers in Sumatra.	8,008
602	Hairy Mahang	Root	Medicinal	The medicinal uses are numerous. In the Philippines, the powdered root is used as an emetic to treat fever, and a decoction of the root against haemoptysis.	8,008
603	Hairy Mahang	Root	Medicinal	The leaves have been used internally to treat dysentery and as an abortifacient. In Peninsular Malaysia, pounded leaves are applied to wounds, and an infusion of the root internally to treat fever. In Brunei smoke from burning leaves is considered a general ailment of the body.	8,008
604	Hairy Mahang	Leaf	Beverages	Bark and leaves are widely utilized in the Philippines in the preparation of a fermented drink called "basi" made from sugar cane. The addition of leaves of M. tanarius stimulates the fermentation of sugar cane molasses, and consequently increases the alcoholic yield of the beverage prepared from it.	8,008
605	Jatropha	Seed	Industrial	It is a source of oil that is traditionally used for soap production and as a source of energy. The oil-rich seeds and seed oil are used as purgative and to expel internal parasites, although their application often leads to strong irritation of the gastro-intestinal tract or even poisoning. The oil is used as an ingredient of hair conditioners. Traditionally, it is used for the manufacture of candles and soap.	8,017
606	Jatropha	Root	Medicinal	A decoction of the roots is a cure for diarrhoea and gonorrhoea. In Madagascar a decoction of the leaves and roots is taken to treat malaria. Dried and pulverized root bark is made into poultices and is taken internally to expel worms and to treat jaundice.	8,017
607	Jatropha	Seed	Oil (Fuel)	The seed oil is not edible as it contains toxic compounds. Traditionally, it is used for the manufacture of candles and soap, as lamp oil and as fuel for cooking. Jatropha curcas is increasingly planted for bio-fuel purposes. The oil is either used directly in adapted engines powering local grain mills, oil presses, water pumps and small generators, or first refined by trans-esterification with methanol or ethanol to produce regular fuel suitable for high-performance diesel engines.	8,017
608	Jatropha	Leaf	Industrial	Leaf sap yields a black dye or ink that is said to be indelible.	8,017
609	Jatropha	Whole	Ornamental	Hybrids of Jatropha curcas and other Jatropha species are grown as ornamentals.	8,017
610	Jumping-seed tree	Wood	Industrial	The wood is soft, pale coloured, light in weight and tough, but not durable; it is used for tool handles and farm implements. S. ellipticum is a source of firewood and is used to produce charcoal.	8,031
611	Jumping-seed tree	Leaf	Medicinal	Leaves and roots are used to treat mumps.	8,031
612	Jumping-seed tree	Whole	Ornamental	The attractive trees are suitable for planting in amenity areas.	8,031
613	Kamala	Fruit	Industrial	The granules which cover the ripe fruit are used in India as a dye ("kamala") for dyeing silk and wool bright orange. Kamala also serves as a preservative for vegetable oils and dairy products. Kamala is also recorded to be used as a dye for food-stuffs and beverages.	8,033
614	Kamala	Fruit	Medicinal	The granules on the fruit have been widely used as an anthelmintic and to treat skin complaints, e.g. herpes. An extract of kamala in hexachlorethane may be useful in treating liver fluke in cattle. Kamala is also known to affect the fertility of animal and man. It has been applied as a drastic purgative.	8,033
615	Kamala	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves and bark are also used to treat skin diseases. The leaves are used as diuretic and anti-amoebic. In Papua New Guinea, a decoction of the leaves is applied against diarrhoea, but also to treat constipation; the sap is applied to wounds.	8,033
616	Kamala	Seed	Industrial	The seeds yield kamala seed oil which can be used as a substitute for tung oil, obtained from Aleurites spp., in the production of rapid-drying paints and varnishes. The seed oil is also used as a fixative in cosmetic preparations.	8,033
617	Kamala	Wood	Industrial	The wood is sometimes used as timber for implements and rafters, and often as fuelwood. It is also suitable for paper pulp.	8,033
618	Kamala	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The leaves are used as fodder.	8,033
620	African Cabbage	Leaf	Food	The tender leaves, young shoots and occasionally flowers are eaten boiled as potherb, relish, stew or side dish. The leaves are utilized in fresh form or dried as powder.	8,208
621	African Cabbage	Leaf	Medicinal	an infusion of the leaves is used to treat anaemia. The leaves and seeds are used medicinally as rubefacient and vesicant, and to treat rheumatism, externally as well as internally. An infusion of the roots is used as a medicine for chest pain, the leaves to treat diarrhoea.	8,208
622	African Cabbage	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The seeds are used to feed birds. The seed cake can be used as animal food.	8,208
623	Brazil Nut	Seed	Food	Seed - raw or cooked. A mild flavour, the nuts are a common item of food, eaten raw and also roasted, salted or used in ice cream etc.	8,230
624	Brazil Nut	Bark	Medicinal	The bark of the tree is used as a treatment for liver problems.	8,230
625	Brazil Nut	Seed	Medicinal	The sweet oil from the seeds is applied to burns.	8,230
626	Brazil Nut	Fruit	Medicinal	A tea made from the fruit is used as a treatment for gastralgia.	8,230
627	Brazil Nut	Seed	Oil (Fuel)	The nut, which has an elevated oil content of 63-69%, burns with a candle-like flame when lit.	8,230
628	Brazil Nut	Seed	Industrial	The oil from seed has also sometimes been used in perfumery, paint and soap making, and as a lubricant for watches and clocks.	8,230
629	Brazil Nut	Bark	Fibre	The bark has been used in remote regions for fibre production. It is used for caulking ships.	8,230
630	European Oregano	Leaf	Food	The fresh leaves are used as a garnish for salads while the dried herb is popular for seasoning soups, stews and poultry dishes.	8,209
631	European Oregano	Extract (oil)	Industrial	The essential oil is used for scenting soap and as an ingredient in liqueur and wine.	8,209
632	European Oregano	Leaf	Beverages	The fresh herb is more popular and expensive than the dried herb. Both herbs are also used to make a kind of tea, and a good quality honey can be obtained from the flowers.	8,209
633	Brazil Nut	Bark	Industrial	The durable wood is sought by boat builders, and is also used for purposes such as interior joinery, cabinet making, high class furniture, construction, flooring, heavy carpentry and sliced veneer.	8,230
634	European Oregano	Whole	Industrial	The sap of oregano also yields a red dye.	8,209
635	European Oregano	Whole	Medicinal	Medicinally, oregano is less important than it used to be. It was, for example, used as a stimulant, carminative, tonic and to cure asthma, coughs, indigestion, rheumatism, toothache, headache and spider bites.	8,209
636	European Oregano	Whole	Environmental	Although its use as culinary herb is currently most important, there is renewed interest in the bactericidal, fungicidal, antiviral, nematicidal, insecticidal and anti-oxidant activities of Origanum essential oils.	8,209
637	European Pennyroyal	Leaf	Food	The leaves are edible, either raw or cooked, and are used as a flavouring in salads or cooked foods. It has a rather coarse spearmint-like flavour, and is no longer used very often in Britain.	8,241
638	European Pennyroyal	Leaf	Beverages	A herbal tea is made from the fresh or dried leaves.	8,241
639	Cucumber Tree	Bark	Medicinal	A tea made from the bark is antiperiodic, aromatic, mildly diaphoretic, laxative, stimulant, tonic. It has historically been used as a substitute for quinine in the treatment of malaria. An infusion has been used in the treatment of stomach ache and cramps. A hot infusion of the bark has been snuffed to treat sinus problems and has also been held in the mouth to treat toothaches.	8,242
640	Cucumber Tree	Fruit	Medicinal	A tea made from the fruit is a tonic, used in the treatment of general debility and was formerly esteemed in the treatment of stomach ailments	8,242
641	European Pennyroyal	Whole	Environmental	Since rats and mice intensely dislike the smell of mint, M. pulegium was used in homes as a strewing herb and has also been spread in granaries to keep the rodents off the grain.	8,241
642	European Pennyroyal	Whole	Medicinal	M. pulegium also powerfully stimulates the uterine muscles and encourages menstruation; therefore it should not be prescribed for pregnant women since it can procure abortions, especially if the essential oil is used. The herb is reported to be antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue (menstrual flow stimulant), sedative and stimulant. The essential oil in the leaves is antiseptic, though it is toxic in large doses.	8,241
643	Cucumber Tree	Bark	Industrial	Wood - finely grained, soft, light, durable, not strong. It takes a very good polish and is used for boxes, crates, flooring, cabinet making etc.	8,242
644	Carob	Pod	Food	Seedpods - raw or ground into a powder. The seedpods are filled with a saccharine pulp and can be eaten both green or dried. They are very sweet but fibrous, the pulp can be used as a chocolate substitute in cakes, drinks etc.	8,250
645	French Lavender	Extract (oil)	Medicinal	In traditional medicine, fresh leaves and flowers are used to relieve headaches and rheumatic pains, and the vapour from boiling leaves and flowers is used to treat colds. The oil is used in aromatherapy and to scent cosmetic creams.	8,248
646	Carob	Seed	Food	Seed - rich in protein. A flour is made from them which is 60% protein, it is free from sugar and starch and is suitable for baking. It can be used as a chocolate substitute. An edible gum is extracted from the seed, a substitute for Gum Tragacanth. A stabilizer and thickening agent, it is also used as an egg substitute. The roasted seed is a coffee substitute.	8,250
647	French Lavender	Flower	Industrial	The flowers of Lavandula dentata last well in water and are useful as cut flowers. Dried flowers can be used in potpourri mixtures and incense sticks.	8,248
648	Carob	Pod	Medicinal	The pulp in the seedpods of carob is very nutritious and, due to its high sugar content, sweet-tasting and mildly laxative. However, the pulp in the pods is also astringent and, used in a decoction, will treat diarrhoea and gently help to cleanse and also relieve irritation within the gut. The seedpods are also used in the treatment of coughs. A flour made from the ripe seedpods is demulcent and emollient. It is used in the treatment of diarrhoea.	8,250
649	Carob	Bark	Medicinal	The bark is strongly astringent. A decoction is used in the treatment of diarrhoea.	8,250
650	Carob	Pod	Industrial	A flour made from the seedpods is used in the cosmetic industry to make face-packs.	8,250
651	French Lavender	Whole	Ornamental	Fringed lavender is cultivated as an aromatic ornamental and as an informal, low-growing hedge.	8,248
652	Carob	Bark	Industrial	Wood - hard, lustrous. Highly valued by turners, it is also used for marquetry and walking sticks.	8,250
653	Chiku	Fruit	Food	The fruit can be eaten raw, or used in making sherbets, custard, ice cream, pies, jams, jellies etc. In order to be at its best, the fruit needs to be eaten when it is absolutely ripe and has lost that astringency.	8,258
654	Chiku	Bark	Industrial	The trees are a source of a milky latex called balata or chicle. This inelastic polymer can be coagulated when it becomes hard and brittle until chewed. It has long been used as the base for chewing gum. The gum is also used in transmission belts, dental surgery, and as a substitute for gutta-percha, a coagulum of the latex of Palaquium spp.	8,258
655	Chiku	Leaf	Food	The very young leaves and shoots can be eaten raw or cooked. Some caution is advised since older leaves contain poisonous alkaloids.	8,258
656	Chiku	Leaf	Medicinal	A leaf decoction is taken for fever, haemorrhage, wounds and ulcers. For neuralgia, leaf with tallow is applied as a compress on the temples.	8,258
657	Chiku	Bark	Medicinal	Tannin from the bark is used to cure diarrhoea and fever.	8,258
658	Chiku	Fruit	Medicinal	The fruit is eaten as a remedy for indigestion and diarrhoea.	8,258
659	Chiku	Seed	Medicinal	Seeds are antipyretic, and when ground with water they act as a diuretic. They are used to expel urinary and gall bladder stones.	8,258
660	Chiku	Root	Medicinal	The pulverized roots are used to treat thrush in babies.	8,258
661	Chiku	Bark	Industrial	Tannin from the bark is used to tan ship sails and fishing tackle.	8,258
662	Gamhar Tree	Wood	Industrial	The wood is suitable for general utility purposes, especially light construction and structural work, general carpentry, packaging, carvings, utility furniture and decorative veneers, with excellent woodworking properties. Additionally, the wood has been used in light flooring, for musical instruments, matches, particle board, as a mine timber, in vehicle bodies and ships. The wood is often used as firewood and for charcoal.	8,261
663	Gamhar Tree	Whole	Ornamental	Gmelina is planted as an ornamental, avenue and shade tree in urban and peri-urban areas.	8,261
664	Gamhar Tree	Root	Medicinal	The roots are considered to have tonic, stomachic and laxative properties, and the flowers have been used to treat leprosy and blood diseases.	8,261
665	Gamhar Tree	Fruit	Food	The fruit is edible.	8,261
666	Gamhar Tree	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The leaves are widely used as cattle fodder, and in silkworm culture.	8,261
667	Gamhar Tree	Wood	Industrial	The wood ash and fruit yield very persistent yellow dyes.	8,261
668	Garden Thyme	Extract (oil)	Medicinal	The medicinal variety is known as common Thyme or garden Thyme, the same variety that is most often used for seasoning. Medicinal preparations of common Thyme are made from the leaves and the flowers. The genus Thymus are important medicinal plants, highly recommended due to a variety of therapeutic properties of their essential oils, normally known as Thyme oil. Thymus species are considered as medicinal plants due to their pharmacological and biological properties. Thymus vulgaris L. is widely used in folk medicine in the treatments of variety of diseases such as gastroenteric and bronchopulmonary disorders. The essential oil of thyme and the compound thymol have antimicrobial activity in vitro against E. coli strains. The essential oil of thyme has been found to possess the strongest antimicrobial properties.	8,262
669	Garden Thyme	Leaf	Food	The medicinal variety is known as common Thyme or garden Thyme, the same variety that is most often used for seasoning. Medicinal preparations of common Thyme are made from the leaves and the flowers.	8,262
670	Garden Thyme	Whole	Ornamental	Common or garden Thyme is considered the principal type, and is utilized commercially for flowering and ornamental purposes.	8,262
671	French Bean (Common Bean)	Pod	Food	The green pods are commonly used as a vegetable, they have a mild flavour and should only be cooked for a short time.	8,263
672	French Bean (Common Bean)	Seed	Food	The immature seeds are boiled or steamed and used as a vegetable. The mature seeds are dried and stored for future use.They can be boiled, baked, pureed, ground into a powder or fermented into 'tempeh' etc. The powdered seed makes a protein-enriching additive to flour, it can also be used in soups.	8,263
673	French Bean (Common Bean)	Leaf	Food	Young leaves - raw or cooked as a potherb. The very young leaves are sometimes eaten as a salad, the older leaves are cooked.	8,263
674	French Bean (Common Bean)	Pod	Medicinal	The green pods are mildly diuretic and contain a substance that reduces the blood sugar level. The dried mature pod is used in the treatment of diabetes.	8,263
675	French Bean (Common Bean)	Seed	Medicinal	The seed is diuretic, hypoglycaemic and hypotensive. Ground into a flour, it is used externally in the treatment of ulcers. The seed is also used in the treatment of cancer of the blood. When bruised and boiled with garlic they have cured intractable coughs.	8,263
676	Cowpea	Seed	Food	The mature seeds are cooked and eaten alone or together with vegetables, spices and often palm oil, to produce a thick bean soup, which accompanies the staple food.	8,263
677	Cowpea	Leaf	Food	Cowpea leaves are served boiled or fried and are usually eaten with a porridge.	8,263
678	Cowpea	Pod	Food	The tender seedless cowpea pods are sometimes used as a cooked vegetable, as are young pods of yard-long bean.	8,263
679	Cowpea	Forage (fresh)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Cowpea is used as fodder in West Africa, Asia (especially India) and Australia; it is used for grazing or cut and mixed with dry cereals for animal feed.	8,263
680	Cowpea	Plant Fiber	Fibre	In Nigeria special cultivars are grown for the fibre extracted from the peduncle after retting; the strong fibre is especially suitable for fishing gear, and produces a good-quality paper.	8,263
681	Asam Gelugur	Shoot	Food	The shoot usually used as dish (ulam) which can reduced the high blood pressure.	1,973
682	Kundang	Fruit	Food	The use of the young fruit is more important; they serve as an ingredient of a special kind of 'sambal', the chilli-based condiment, and in pickles - the bright purple cotyledons in the big seed adding to the attraction of the concoction.	2,127
683	Quinoa	Grain	Beverages	The grain can be fermented to prepare hot or cold beverages and beer. It can be used in the preparation of chicha, a reference beverage on South America.	2,039
684	Soursop	Fruit	Food	The flesh of the food can be eaten raw.	1,973
685	Yautia	Root	Food	The dried and peeled corm can be ground into a flour	2,379
686	Yautia	Leaves and petioles	Food	Young leaves and petioles - cooked and eaten like spinach	2,379
687	Breadfruit	Fruit	Food	Ripe Fruit are usually eaten fried or cooked.	1,978
688	Cassava	Tuber	Food	Most cassava contain cianide. The cianide will gone when the tuber is cooked or boil for 15 minutes	1,978
689	Cempedak	Fruit	Food	Ripe Fruit are usually eaten fresh or fried.	1,976
690	Chinese Chives	Leaf	Food	Raw or cooked. A mild flavour, somewhat like a cross between garlic and chives.	2,078
691	Coconut	Fruit	Food	High-grade oil is used for cooking or in the manufacture of margarine, shortening, filled milk, ice-cream and confectioneries.	2,429
692	Durian	Fruit	Food	Fruit is usually eaten fresh but can also be eaten with rice or glutinous rice and coconut milk. It's pulp can be processed into durian flavors.	1,976
693	Green Spinach	Whole	Food	The entire above-ground part of young plants or the tops of older plants are generally consumed after light cooking.	2,035
694	Horse Mango	Fruit	Food	The unripe Fruit made it into pickle and used in dishes to enhance flavour.	1,975
695	Indian Pennywort	Leaf	Food	A slightly bitter flavour, they are used in salads, cooked in curries, soups and stews	2,214
696	Jackfruit	Fruit	Food	Nutritious fruit rich in vitamin A	1,974
697	Kuini	Fruit	Food	Fruits are also used for making chutney and for pickles with salt	2,126
698	Lemongrass	Rhizome	Food	Used in food	1,978
699	Mango	Fruit	Food	Fruit - raw or cooked. One of the most popular Fruit in the world, it is commonly eaten raw, is juiced and can also be prepared in a variety of ways such as in chutneys, jams, pickles	2,101
700	Papaya	Leaf	Food	The leaves contain papain, thus it wraps in meat to make it tender	1,975
701	Chinese Spinach	Leaf	Food	Amaranthus tricolor is used as a cooked leaf vegetable.	2,031
702	Scallion	Leaf	Food	The leaves, whole immature plants (called â€˜salad onionsâ€™ or â€˜spring onionsâ€™), or leafy sprouts from germinating bulbs (called â€˜cÃ©bettesâ€™ in southern France) are used in the same way.	2,093
703	Scallion	Leaf	Food	Leaves still green at bulb harvest are pounded, then used to make sun-dried and fermented balls, which are used later for seasoning dishes.	2,093
704	Tamarind	Fruit	Food	The fruit can be consumed to cure the fever, sore throat as well as be used to cure diarrhea, wound, and hemorrhoids.	1,973
705	Sweet Basil	Leaf	Food	Used to food flavor	1,978
706	Custard Apple	Fruit	Food	Eaten fresh	1,974
707	Sugar-apple	Fruit	Food	Raw. The sweet and creamy Fruit are highly regarded as a dessert fruit	2,157
708	Areca Palm	Leaf	Food	Young leaves, inflorescences and the sweet inner part of the shoots are cooked and eaten as vegetables	2,422
709	Carrot	Root	Food	The roots are consumed raw or cooked, alone or in combination with other vegetables, as an ingredient of soups, dishes (e.g. couscous), sauces, juices and in dietary compositions.	2,208
710	Carrot	Seed	Food	Essential oil extracted from the seed is used for flavouring.	2,208
711	Elephant Foot Yam	Leaves and petioles	Food	Young leaves and petioles - cooked and used as a vegetable	2,380
712	Lamb's-quarters	Seed	Food	The seed can also be sprouted and added to salads.	2,036
713	Cashew	Seed	Food	It can be eat as raw and have alot of nutrition	1,975
714	Kenanga	Flower	Food	The essential oil from the flowers is used by the food industry, especially in peach and apricot flavourings	2,151
715	Bulbous Ceropegia	Leaf	Food	An acid flavour, reminiscent of purslane, the succulent leaves are stewed in curries.	2,341
716	Nettle-leaf Goosefoot	Seed	Food	It can be ground into a powder and mixed with wheat or other cereals and used in making bread.	2,064
717	Khip	Whole	Food	The leaves, young shoots and flowers are used as a flavouring in soups	2,343
718	Caustic-creeper	Fruit	Food	The fruit is reported to be edible.	2,342
719	Wild Leek	Bulb	Food	The bulbils have a mild garlic flavour and make a nice flavouring in salads and cooked foods.	2,094
720	Branching Onion	Whole	Food	The product is mainly used as an additive to preprocessed food such as instant noodles	2,077
721	Purple Amaranth	Whole	Food	The main use of Amaranthus cruentus is as a leaf vegetable (vegetable amaranth) prepared by cooking and consumed as a vegetable dish or as an ingredient in sauces.	2,038
722	Amaranth	Leaf	Food	Amaranthus spinosus leaves and young plants are collected for home consumption as a cooked, steamed or fried vegetable, especially during periods of drought.	2,023
723	Wild Celery	Leaf	Food	Mainly used as a flavouring in soups	2,219
724	Wild Celery	Seed	Food	A flavouring. Used in small quantities to flavour soups and stews	2,219
725	Celery	Petiole	Food	The young petioles are used as flavor and salad vegetable but may also be dried or cooked.	2,182
726	Celery	Seed	Food	The pungent seeds are used to flavor salads, soups, and vegetable and meat dishes.	2,182
727	Onions 'var. cepa'	Bulb	Food	It is grown for its edible, pungent bulbs, which are rich in calcium and riboflavin (vitamin B2). The bulbs can be eaten raw or cooked and they are often used for flavoring.	2,075
728	Coriander	Fruit	Food	Ground coriander Fruit are also an ingredient of spice mixtures like curry powder	2,205
729	Chives	Leaf	Food	The leaves have a mild onion flavour and are an excellent addition to mixed salads, they can also be used as a flavouring in soups.	2,079
730	Chives	Flower	Food	The flowers can be used as a garnish in salads.	2,079
731	Red Tasselflower	Shoot	Food	Young and unflowered leaf is cooked	1,978
732	Potato Onion	Bulb	Food	Shallot (bulb) is used as food, spice and seasoning.	2,074
733	Fennel	Seed	Food	The sprouted seeds can be added to salads.	2,211
734	Parsnip	Leaf	Food	Cooked with other greens as a vegetable or added to soups	2,217
735	Parsnip	Seed	Food	The seed is used as a condiment	2,217
736	Parsley	Leaf	Food	Parsley is frequently used as a garnish or as a flavouring in salads and many cooked dishes, but has too strong a flavour to be eaten in quantity for most palates.	2,216
737	Ambarella (Spondias cytherea)	Leaf	Food	Young steamed leaves are eaten as a vegetable.	2,124
738	Dill	Leaf	Food	Used as a flavouring in salads	2,210
739	Dill	Seed	Food	Its chief uses being perhaps in making dill vinegar and as a flavouring in pickled gherkins	2,210
740	Cherimoya	Fruit	Food	It can also be used in making ice cream, custard, cakes.	2,132
741	Ilama	Fruit	Food	The fruit is used also in jams, jellies and preserves.	2,150
742	Water Dropwort	Leaf	Food	Pot herb	1,978
743	Pistachio Nut	Seed	Food	It is very nice when eaten raw and is also widely used in confectionery, ice cream, cakes, pies.	2,112
744	Atemoya (Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa)	Fruit	Food	Fruit are normally eaten fresh. The pulp can be utilized as a flavouring for ice cream.	2,131
745	Silver Beet 'var. cicla'	Leaf	Food	The midribs of the leaves are eaten boiled like asparagus.	2,010
746	Rakkyo	Bulb	Food	The bulbs of rakkyo are mainly prepared as sweet or sour pickles after being steeped in brine for several days. In West Java they are also used raw and fried, often mixed with other vegetables.	2,080
747	Smooth Pigweed	Seed	Food	Used as a cereal substitute, the seed is usually ground into a flour for use in porridges, bread etc.	2,040
748	Prince's Feather	Leaf	Food	Amaranthus hypochondriacus leaves are occasionally used as a potherb.	2,037
749	Garden Angelica	Leaf	Food	A liquorice-like flavour.They can be used as a flavouring in mixed salads.	2,212
750	Garden Angelica	Seed	Food	Used as a flavouring in liqueurs such as Chartreuse	2,212
751	Wild Angelica	Leaves and petioles	Food	Used as an aromatic addition to salads or cooked and used as a vegetable.	2,218
752	Wild Angelica	Seed	Food	Used as an aromatic flavouring in confections and pastries	2,218
753	Poshte	Fruit	Food	A creamy banana-pineapple like flavour, it is said to be one of the most flavourful and refreshing Fruit in the genus.	2,154
754	Wild Custard Apple	Leaf	Food	The leaves are sometimes used as vegetables	2,159
755	Wild Custard Apple	Flower	Food	Flowers serve as a spice for various meals	2,159
756	Chervil	Leaf	Food	Raw in salads or used as a flavouring in cooked foods such as soups and stews.	2,204
757	Chervil	Flower	Food	The flowers are used as a seasoning.	2,204
758	Celeriac	Leaf	Food	Used as a flavouring in soups.	2,181
759	Celeriac	Root	Food	It can be grated and added to salads, baked or added to soups, stews	2,181
760	Butterfly Milkweed	Flower	Food	Flower buds - cooked. They taste somewhat like peas	2,296
761	Butterfly Milkweed	Stem	Food	Young shoots - cooked. An asparagus substitute	2,296
762	Gardner Saltbush	Seed	Food	The seeds were also grounded into a nutritious flour.	2,018
763	Cohune Palm (Attalea cohune)	Fruit	Food	The main product from the cohune palm is the kernel oil which is similar to or even finer than coconut oil and is used in baking, cooking, illumination and in making margarine and soap.	2,430
764	Spinach Beet	Leaf	Food	The leaves are eaten as pot herb	2,011
765	Cuddapah Almond	Seed	Food	Seeds used as a sweetmeat, rich in oil.	2,100
766	Sodom Apple	Leaf	Food	The leaves have been used as a soup ingredient in sauces	2,338
767	Karanda	Fruit	Food	The fruit is also used to make beverages, curries and tarts	2,301
768	Large Num-num	Fruit	Food	The flavour is sweet to subacid, and Fruit are sometimes astringent	2,304
769	Canihua	Leaf	Food	Cooked and used like spinach.	2,024
770	Canihua	Seed	Food	It can be toasted and ground into a nutty tasting powder that can be used as a breakfast cereal.	2,024
771	Hemlock	Leaf	Food	Although toxic, plants found in the south of England are comparatively harmless and the leaves are used as a pot-herb	2,213
772	Rock Samphire	Seed	Food	They are used to make a warm aromatic pickle.	2,188
773	Rock Samphire	Leaf	Food	Gathered in spring, the young leaves when sprinkled with salt and boiled make a very good pickle.	2,188
774	Mitsuba	Leaf	Food	Seedlings and young leaves can be used in salads.	2,187
775	Cumin	Seed	Food	A hot and aromatic flavour, it is an important ingredient in curries, is used as a seasoning in soups and stews, and is also often used as a flavouring in biscuits, cakes and bread where it also helps in improving the digestion	2,206
776	Asafoetida	Leaf	Food	The plant has a foetid odour, but this disappears when it is boiled.The cabbage-like folded heads are eaten raw as a delicacy.	2,202
777	Asafoetida	Root	Food	A gum-resin from the root is used as a food flavouring	2,202
778	Cow Parsnip	Stem	Food	Used as a green vegetable, when harvested just as they are sprouting from the ground they are somewhat like asparagus in flavour	2,209
779	Ilex	Leaf	Food	The leaves have been used as a tea substitute	2,375
780	Ilex	Fruit	Food	The roasted fruit has been used as a coffee substitute	2,375
781	Erva-mate	Leaf	Food	The young leaves are harvested in a similar manner to tea, then dried, finely ground and packaged	2,374
782	Cabbage-tree Palm	Leaf	Food	The young and tender leaves are eaten like cabbages	2,428
783	Swiss Cheese Plant	Fruit	Food	The fruit is eaten raw, made into jellies and jams, and is also used in ice creams, sherbets, soft drinks	2,378
784	Green Arrow Arum	Seed	Food	Seed - cooked. A slightly sweetish flavour, resembling parched corn. A bread can be made from the dried and powdered seeds, it tastes like corncake with a strong flavour of cocoa.	2,377
785	Green Arrow Arum	Root	Food	The root can be dried and ground into a powder for use when making bread, soups	2,377
786	Anise	Seed	Food	Flavour enhancement in pastries, curry powder and also as gripe water.	1,975
787	Burnet Saxifrage	Root	Food	An essential oil from the roots is used as a flavouring in candy, liqueurs.	2,203
788	Dwarf Saltwort	Leaf	Food	Young leaves and stems can be cooked or pickled	2,032
789	Pepper Tree	Fruit	Food	The dried and roasted berries are used as a pepper substitute.	2,111
790	Hairy-fruited Eggplant	Fruit	Food	NULL	1,978
791	Red Mombin	Fruit	Food	Spicy and subacid, the juicy yellow pulp is said to have a flavour resembling a plum	2,113
792	Belembe	Leaf	Food	The leaves make an excellent spinach so long as they are not overcooked, and are widely seen as a very superior type of spinach	2,425
793	Papaw	Fruit	Food	The fruit can also be used for making preserves, pies, ice cream and other sweet desserts.	2,153
794	Great Angelica	Leaves and petioles	Food	When boiled in two lots of water they form a vegetable that strongly resembles celery. They can be peeled and eaten in salads or blanched and cooked like asparagus	2,184
795	Hemp Dogbane	Seed	Food	It can be ground into a powder and used as a meal.	2,299
796	Cape Water-hawthorn	Flower	Food	The flowers are used as a flavouring	2,346
797	Swamp Milkweed	Flower	Food	The flower clusters can be boiled down to make a sugary syrup	2,339
798	Showy Milkweed	Flower	Food	Raw or cooked.They taste somewhat like peas.They can be used to thicken soups.	2,337
799	Field Eryngo	Root	Food	Used as a vegetable or candied and used as a sweetmeat	2,220
800	Arracacha	Root	Food	The roots are eaten boiled, as an ingredient in soups and stews, as a puree, roasted or fried in slices.	2,207
801	Arracacha	Leaf	Food	The leaves are used in the same way as celery in raw or cooked salads.	2,207
802	Wodier	Bark	Food	The powdered bark is used as a flavouring.	2,114
803	Wodier	Bark	Food	The gum obtained from the trunk is often used in confectionery	2,114
804	Swamp Corkwood	Leaf	Food	NULL	1,978
805	Ajwain	Seed	Food	Sweeter than oil of thyme, it is used as a flavouring	2,201
806	Ajwain	Fruit	Food	The fruit is usually dried, then roasted and ground into a powder before being used as a spice	2,201
807	Finger Root	Fruit	Food	The Fruit are yellow when ripe and have a sweet pulp which is widely eaten.	2,180
808	Jamun	Fruit	Food	Eaten fresh	1,974
809	Kimpul	Root	Food	They can be peeled, then used in stews, custards and pancakes	2,383
810	Kimpul	Leaves and petioles	Food	Young leaves and petioles - chopped, then cooked and eaten as a spinach	2,383
811	Taro	Leaf	Food	Young leaves - cooked. Some varieties of taro are grown for their leaves, which are very nutritious. They are either used to wrap other food that is baked, or are used as spinach. The leaves must be cooked before eating in order to destroy the calcium oxalate crystals.	2,418
812	Ivy Gourd	Fruit	Food	NULL	1,978
813	Swamp Taro	Tuber	Food	The starchy, underground tubers of C. merkusii are edible after thorough cooking.	2,417
814	Node Flower Allmania	Leaf	Food	Cooked and eaten as a vegetable	2,065
815	Sessile Joy Weed	Whole	Food	Alternanthera sessilis are eaten as a cooked vegetable or raw as a salad.	2,071
816	Slender Amaranth	Whole	Food	The main use of Amaranthus blitum is as a cooked leaf vegetable.	2,072
817	False Amaranth	Leaves and petioles	Food	Leaves and young shoots of Digera muricata are locally used as a vegetable.	2,052
818	Parsley Root 'var. tuberosum'	Leaf	Food	Parsley is frequently used as a garnish or as a flavouring in salads and many cooked dishes, but has too strong a flavour to be eaten in quantity for most palates.	2,183
819	Parsley Root 'var. tuberosum'	Root	Food	They can be grated into salads, baked or added to soups. The root is harvested from autumn until new growth commences in the spring. It is hardy enough to be left in the ground during the winter, though can also be harvested in late autumn or early winter and stored in a cool, frost-free place, making sure that it does not dry out. Alternatively, the root can be cut into slices and then dried in a cool oven. The root has a delicious flavour, intermediate between that of celery and parsley but with a nuttier flavour	2,183
820	Sicilian Sumac	Fruit	Food	The immature fruit used as caper substitutes	2,128
821	Terebinth	Fruit	Food	The immature fruit, including the stems, are preserved in vinegar and salt. Known as atsjaar, they are used as a relish to accompany wines served during meals	2,129
822	Field Garlic	Leaf	Food	The young leaves are used as a garlic flavouring in soups and stews, but are inferior to that species.	2,095
823	Wild Garlic	Leaf	Food	The leaves are available from late autumn until the following summer, when used sparingly they make a nice addition to the salad bowl.	2,096
824	Wild Garlic	Leaf	Food	Leaves - raw or cooked.Rather stringy, they are used as a garlic substitute	2,096
825	Wild Garlic	Bulb	Food	Bulbils - raw or cooked. Rather small and fiddly, they have a strong garlic-like flavour	2,096
826	Coconut	Fruit	Ornamental	Coconut palm has also an ornamental value.	2,429
827	Chinese Spinach	Leaf	Ornamental	Forms with bright red and red, yellow and green-coloured leaves are grown throughout the world as ornamentals.	2,031
828	Sugar Beet	Leaf	Ornamental	Forms with strikingly coloured, large leaves are grown as ornamentals.	2,051
829	Purple Amaranth	Leaf	Ornamental	Forms with large bright red inflorescences are widely grown as ornamentals.	2,038
830	Prince's Feather	Whole	Ornamental	Amaranthus hypochondriacus is also grown as an ornamental.	2,037
831	Beetroot	Leaf	Ornamental	Forms with strikingly coloured, large leaves are grown as ornamentals	2,009
832	Eddoe	Whole	Ornamental	Several cultivars are decorative ornamentals.	2,376
833	Oldman Saltbush	Whole	Ornamental	It is recommended for range rehabilitation projects and it is also used as an ornamental shrub in many seaside resorts	2,019
834	Green Amaranth	Whole	Industrial	Ash of Amaranthus viridis plants is rich in soda and is occasionally used to make soap.	2,034
835	Coconut	Wood	Industrial	Coconut wood is also suitable for furniture, household utensils and tool handles.	2,429
836	Jackfruit	Wood	Industrial	Timber	1,974
837	Lemongrass	Rhizome	Industrial	Rhizome part. Lemongrass oil contains 75-85% aldehyde especially citral. Used in soap	1,978
838	Lemongrass	Rhizome	Industrial	Lemongrass oil use in perfume and shampoo	1,978
839	Papaya	Fruit	Industrial	As a cosmetic product to cure blackheads and burnt skin	1,975
840	Avocado	Fruit	Industrial	The fruit has antifungus and antibacteria properties, thus used in cosmetic industry.	1,975
841	Carrot	Root	Industrial	Carotene is extracted from the root and used to colour margarines and is added to hen feed to modify egg-yolk colour.	2,208
842	Sugar Beet	Root	Industrial	Betanins, obtained from the roots, are used industrially as red food colourants, e.g. to improve the colour of tomato paste, sauces, desserts, jams and jellies, ice cream, sweets and breakfast cereals.	2,051
843	Common Sunflower	Seed	Industrial	Processed as a cooking oil	1,975
844	Mediterranean Amaranth	Whole	Industrial	Whole plants of Amaranthus graecizans are used in East and West Africa to manufacture a local salt.	2,063
845	Devil's Tree	Whole	Industrial	This species has been managed as a fuelwood species in Sri Lanka under a short coppice rotation of 6 - 8 years	2,298
846	Amaranth	Whole	Industrial	Amaranthus spinosus is also used as forage and said to increase the yield of milk in cattle.	2,023
847	Amaranth	Leaf	Industrial	The ash of burnt Amaranthus spinosus plants is used as a tenderizer in cooking tough vegetables such as cowpea leaves and pigeon peas	2,023
848	Celery	Fruit	Industrial	Dried ripe fruit yields 2-3% of an essential oil used as a fixative for medicines, perfumes, liqueurs, and cosmetics.	2,182
849	Campnosperma Wood	Whole	Industrial	The timber is soft, lightweight and used for veneer, coffins, boxes, drawing boards and as siding and sheathing, shelving, furniture, turnery and moulding.	2,099
850	Coriander	Fruit	Industrial	The essential oil from the Fruit is used in the flavour industry, for various basic and luxury foods, to some extent in medicine too, and in cosmetic perfumery.	2,205
851	Ambarella (Spondias cytherea)	Stem	Industrial	The wood is light-brown and buoyant, useless as timber, sometimes used for canoes.	2,124
852	Yellow Mombin	Root	Industrial	Ashes from the roots have been used in making soap	2,123
853	Livid Amaranth	Whole	Industrial	Yellow and green dyes can be obtained from the whole plant.	2,053
854	Livid Amaranth	Whole	Industrial	The ash of the plants is rich in potash and is occasionally used to make soap.	2,053
855	Valangur	Whole	Industrial	The young foliage is eaten fresh or boiled as a green, and as a flavouring for meat and fish. Most of the foliage is still collected from wild trees, but the tree is also occasionally grown as a hedge plant near dwellings.	2,419
856	Atemoya (Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa)	Fruit	Industrial	The green fruit and seed have effective vermicidal and insecticidal properties.	2,131
857	Atemoya (Annona atemoya)	Seed	Industrial	The plants can be used as rootstocks for cultivars of this species and for other Annona species.	2,130
858	Atemoya (Annona atemoya)	Fruit	Industrial	The green fruit and seed have vermicidal and insecticidal properties	2,130
859	Wild Custard Apple	Bark	Industrial	Insecticide and tannin can be obtained from the bark	2,159
860	Gardner Saltbush	Root	Industrial	They infused the dried root and flower petals then used the soapy concoction to clean their skin.	2,018
861	Gardner Saltbush	Flower	Industrial	They infused the dried root and flower petals then used the soapy concoction to clean their skin.	2,018
862	Cohune Palm (Attalea cohune)	Leaf	Industrial	Leaves are used for thatching, building houses and temporary shelters and for making hats, umbrellas, ties and fans.	2,430
863	Bahia Piassava Palm	Seed	Industrial	A good oil is produced from the seed.	2,423
864	Bahia Piassava Palm	Leaf	Industrial	This palm is widely used locally for its high quality, stiff fibres which are used in making ropes, mats, and brushes	2,423
865	Bahia Piassava Palm	Fruit	Industrial	The Fruit have been used to make a good quality charcoal	2,423
866	Beetroot	Root	Industrial	Betanins, obtained from the roots, are used industrially as red food colourants, e.g. to improve the colour of tomato paste.	2,009
867	Cuddapah Almond	Bark	Industrial	The wood is only used as firewood.	2,100
868	Mexican Tea	Seed	Industrial	In Africa Congo-Brazzaville, wormseed is traditionally used to protect groundnut from insect pests; it showed effective control of the beetle Caryedon serratus	2,049
869	Canihua	Whole	Industrial	Gold/green dyes can be obtained from the whole plant.	2,024
870	American Oil Palm	Fruit	Industrial	Fruit contain an oil, with a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, used for lighting, soap manufacture, and as a machine lubricant.	2,421
871	American Oil Palm	Seed	Industrial	The seed fat is edible and is used for hair treatments.	2,421
872	Black Saxaul	Wood	Industrial	It is utilized for firewood and charcoal.	2,016
873	Malabar Nut	Whole	Industrial	To protect agricultural produce in storage from insect infestation.	1,981
874	Cabbage-tree Palm	Leaf	Industrial	The leaves are used for thatching and making hats	2,428
875	Buriti Palm	Leaf	Industrial	The leaves are used for covering roofs	2,427
876	Buriti Palm	Leaf	Industrial	Used to make fishing nets, ropes, hammocks, belts, hats, mats, and baskets	2,427
877	Buriti Palm	Seed	Industrial	The hard seeds are made into buttons and other small objects	2,427
878	Swiss Cheese Plant	Root	Industrial	The roots are also used to make strong baskets.	2,378
879	Anise	Seed	Industrial	The oil from the seed enhance flavour in food. the oil also can be used in cosmetic industries, in perfumes and detergents and pharmaceutical industries	1,975
880	Sobu	Bark	Industrial	The fibrous bark is used for matting, basketry, cordage and hut walls.	2,155
881	Chaulmoogra Oil Tree	Whole	Industrial	Cosmetic and or dermatological application may be possible.	1,984
882	Chaulmoogra	Seed	Industrial	Seeds yield a yellow oil used for burning lamps.	1,983
883	Chaulmoogra	Stem	Industrial	Wood used for building purposes and packing cases.The wood is used as a fuel.	1,983
884	Bataua	Seed	Industrial	The ripe mesocarp of the fruit yields a nutritious, oily beverage, from which an oil similar to olive oil is obtained and which also has medicinal value. The drink is milk-like and an important source of protein and energy. The oil can be used for food, soap and cosmetics. The milky residue from oil extraction (called "yacuta") is consumed as a beverage. The seed is edible and the "cabbage" of the palm is an excellent vegetable.	2,424
885	Bataua	Leaf	Industrial	The leaves are used for thatching and for weaving e.g. baskets.	2,424
886	Thabut Tree	Stem	Industrial	The wood is a straw yellow colour, with an exceedingly hard, bony grain; it is very tough, very strong, and yet pliable. This combination of exceptional strength, toughness, and elasticity in a wood which is also very light in weight, gives it a value that is unique.	2,158
887	Lanete	Whole	Industrial	An indigo-yielding glucoside, used to dye clothes, can be obtained from the seeds, roots and leaves	2,303
888	Lanete	Wood	Industrial	The wood is light, soft and fine-textured. It is very suitable for carving and turnery, and is also used for general construction, pencils, wooden shoes and packaging	2,303
889	Marula	Extract (oil)	Industrial	The oil is also used for cooking and skin care.	2,097
890	Swamp Taro	Petiole	Industrial	The fibrous outer layer of the petiole can be peeled off and used in fine grades of mat weaving.	2,417
891	Prickly Chaff Flower	Leaf	Industrial	The leaves are burnt in order to make a vegetable salt.	2,066
892	Prickly Chaff Flower	Whole	Industrial	The ash from the burnt plant, often mixed with mustard oil and a pinch of salt, is used as a tooth powder for cleaning teeth.It is believed to relieve pyorrhoea and toothache.	2,066
893	Spiny Amaranth	Whole	Industrial	Yellow and green dyes can be obtained from the whole plant.	2,073
894	Spiny Amaranth	Whole	Industrial	A red pigment obtained from the plant (the report does not specify which part of the plant) is used as a colouring in foods and medicines.	2,073
895	Sugarbeet	Root	Industrial	The root contains sucrose used as all-round food sweetener (sugar). Used in the production of yeast, industrial alcohol, alcoholic beverages, ethanol, chemicals and pharmaceuticals.	2,013
896	Ambarella (Spondias dulcis)	Whole	Medicinal	Parts of the plant are made into a fermented drink which is used as a remedy for diarrhoea	2,098
897	Ambarella (Spondias dulcis)	Shoot	Medicinal	The shoots of the plant are used to treat haemorrhaging after childbirth	2,098
898	Ambarella (Spondias dulcis)	Bark	Medicinal	The inner bark is used to treat coughs, fever and stomach aches.	2,098
899	Green Amaranth	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are diuretic and purgative, and are used in poultices (fresh or as dried powder) to treat inflammations, boils and abscesses, gonorrhoea, orchitis and haemorrhoids.	2,034
900	Belimbing Buluh	Leaf	Medicinal	An infusion of young leaves can be consumed to reduce high blood pressure.	1,973
901	Belimbing Buluh	Root	Medicinal	An infusion of root can be consumed to reduce high blood pressure.	1,973
902	Gandarusa	Whole	Medicinal	Used in the treatment of chronic rheumatism.	1,982
903	Gandarusa	Leaf	Medicinal	To treat gonorrhoea, amenorrhoea and malaria	1,982
904	Gandarusa	Root	Medicinal	Used for treating rheumatism, thrush, fevers, cough, dysuria, diarrhoea, jaundice and as antivenin	1,982
905	Gandarusa	Bark	Medicinal	Used in the treatment of wounds and allergies	1,982
906	Soursop	Leaf	Medicinal	The ashes of the burned leaves mixed with a little amount of oil cooking used as treatment to reduce itchy and rashes skin due to the allergic.	1,973
907	Soursop	Root	Medicinal	The crushed roots are used to treat coughing.	1,973
908	Taro (Cocoyam)	Leaf	Medicinal	A decoction, together with some parts of other plants, is taken to relieve stomach problems and to treat cyst	2,382
909	Taro (Cocoyam)	Leaf	Food	Some varieties of taro are grown for their leaves, which are very nutritious	2,382
910	Taro (Cocoyam)	Stem	Food	Peeled, cut into pieces and boiled in stews, they taste and look a little like celery	2,382
911	Coconut	Root	Medicinal	The roots are considered anti-pyretic and diuretic. Its decoctions are used against venereal diseases in Malay Peninsula while an infusion is used in Indonesia to treat dysentery.	2,429
912	Maize	Whole	Medicinal	To cure and all abdomen pain(urination problem,stomach ache)	1,975
913	Horse Mango	Leaf	Medicinal	The boiled water of the leaves cure gum bleeding.	1,975
914	Indian Pennywort	Whole	Medicinal	The whole plant is alterative, cardio-depressant, hypotensive, weakly sedative and tonic. It is a rejuvenating diuretic herb that clears toxins, reduces inflammations and fevers, improves healing and immunity, improves the memory and has a balancing effect on the nervous system.	2,214
915	Kuini	Bark	Medicinal	In folk medicine, the bark is recommended for external application in hystero-epilepsy, in the form of a compound like a cosmetic mixture.	2,126
916	Lemongrass	Rhizome	Medicinal	Citral changed into Ionon for Vitamin A synthesis.	1,978
917	Lemongrass	Leaf	Medicinal	Crushed and place on forehead to heal headaches and jointaches	1,978
918	Lemongrass	Rhizome	Medicinal	Mixed with water to help indigestion and heal stomaches.	1,978
919	Lemongrass	Leaf	Medicinal	Mix in bath for mothers who gave birth.	1,978
920	Mango	Seed	Medicinal	It is used to treat stubborn colds and coughs, obstinate diarrhoea and bleeding piles	2,101
921	Mango	Bark	Medicinal	Used in the treatment of haemorrhage, diarrhoea and throat problems	2,101
922	Mango	Stem	Medicinal	It is used to treat diarrhoea and to remedy stomach-ache	2,101
923	Papaya	Leaf	Medicinal	To treat asthma	1,975
924	Papaya	Seed	Medicinal	To treat Malaria and Cancer	1,975
925	Papaya	Shoot	Medicinal	To reduce blood pressure	1,975
926	Chinese Spinach	Whole	Medicinal	Medicinally Amaranthus tricolor is used externally to treat inflammations, and internally as a diuretic.	2,031
927	Scallion	Bulb	Medicinal	In traditional medicine onion is used externally to treat boils, felons, wounds and stings, and internally to relieve coughs, bronchitis, asthma, gastro-intestinal disorders and headache.	2,093
928	Tamarind	Seed	Medicinal	It's mentioned that the crushed tamarind seed with young galangal can be used as herbal remedies for dermatophyte infections.	1,973
929	Sweet Basil	Leaf	Medicinal	Leaf juice and flower used as cough medicine.	1,978
930	Sweet Basil	Leaf	Medicinal	Had mild narcotics and always used by women that just gave birth	1,978
931	Sweet Basil	Seed	Medicinal	The seeds will extract jelly with the properties of diuratic, stimulants and diaphoretic. Used in India to heal intestinal bowel disease and kidney disease	1,978
932	Avocado	Leaf	Medicinal	It reduces blood pressure, reduce cholesterol level	1,975
933	Indian-gooseberry	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves and Fruit can be consumed to reduce diabetes, diarrhea, jaundice, and coughing.	1,973
934	Indian-gooseberry	Fruit	Medicinal	The leaves and Fruit can be consumed to reduce diabetes, diarrhea, jaundice, and coughing.	1,973
935	Sugar-apple	Whole	Medicinal	They are all strongly astringent and are used to treat diarrhoea and dysentery.	2,157
936	Areca Palm	Seed	Medicinal	The seed is used against anaemia, fits, leucoderma, leprosy, obesity and worms.	2,422
937	Pomegranate	Root	Medicinal	The epidermal layer of roots are used to cure diarrhea and nauseous.	1,973
938	Pomegranate	Fruit	Medicinal	The peel of the Fruit and roots used as infusion to cure from Taenia infection and tape worm.	1,973
939	Pomegranate	Fruit	Medicinal	The crushed sepal of fruit can be drink to cure the poisonous ingredient such as poisonous mushroom and toxic chemical.	1,973
940	Pomegranate	Seed	Medicinal	The infusion of crushed seed can be consumed to reduced the kidney stones.	1,973
941	Common Sunflower	Root	Medicinal	To cure diabetes.	1,975
942	Common Sunflower	Leaf	Medicinal	To treat Malaria fever	1,975
943	Elephant Foot Yam	Root	Medicinal	It is dried and used in the treatment of piles and dysentery	2,380
944	Elephant Foot Yam	Stem	Medicinal	The stem is cut, and the inside of the stem eaten raw, in the treatment of snakebites	2,380
945	Lamb's-quarters	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves will act as a carminative to prevent wind and bloating.	2,036
946	Lamb's-quarters	Seed	Medicinal	The seeds are chewed in the treatment of urinary problems and are considered useful for relieving the discharge of semen through the urine.	2,036
947	Cashew	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves immersed in boiling water. It cures high blood pressure and diabetes	1,975
948	Cashew	Stem	Medicinal	To cure diarrehea and diabetes	1,975
949	Shadscale	Whole	Medicinal	The plant has been burnt and the smoke inhaled as a treatment for epilepsy.	2,022
950	Shadscale	Leaf	Medicinal	The boiled leaves have been used as a liniment for sore muscles and aches.	2,022
951	Shadscale	Leaf	Medicinal	A poultice of the mashed leaves have been applied to the chest and a decoction of the leaves drunk to treat colds.	2,022
952	Kenanga	Flower	Medicinal	The dried flowers are used in the treatment of malaria and the fresh flowers are made into a paste for treating asthma	2,151
953	Kenanga	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are used in a treatment for diarrhoea in infants	2,151
954	Kenanga	Seed	Medicinal	The seed has been used externally to cure intermittent fever	2,151
955	Mediterranean Amaranth	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are chewed and the liquid swallowed to treat tonsillitis. In Senegal, the leaves are used as an anthelmintic.	2,063
956	Bulbous Ceropegia	Tuber	Medicinal	The tubers are considered to be digestive and tonic	2,341
957	Khip	Seed	Medicinal	A macerate of the seeds is used as an eye-lotion	2,343
958	Pentatropis nivalis	Root	Medicinal	A decoction of the dried roots is taken as a purgative, astringent and cooling tonic, and also to treat venereal diseases.	2,344
959	Periploca aphylla	Leaf	Medicinal	Crushed leaves, together with several other plants, are applied to snakebites. A leaf decoction is drunk to treat diarrhoea, intestinal worms and insanity.	2,345
960	Periploca aphylla	Root	Medicinal	A root bark infusion or decoction is drunk or applied as enema to treat tapeworm and other intestinal worms. It is also taken to treat stomach-ache. Roots cooked in soup are eaten to treat fever, malaria, chest complaints, including cough and pneumonia, female infertility and venereal diseases. The juice of the roots in banana beer is taken to treat rectal prolapse. Root powder and latex is externally applied to haemorrhoids.	2,345
961	Caustic-creeper	Stem	Medicinal	A decoction of the stems and the latex is also given to cows as a galactogogue. An infusion of the stems is given to dogs to expel worms and to chickens to treat gastro-intestinal problems	2,342
962	Wild Leek	Bulb	Medicinal	The bulb is said to be anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator.	2,094
963	Branching Onion	Whole	Medicinal	It is used to improve the functioning of internal organs and the metabolism, for the prevention of cardiovascular disorders, and to prolong life. It is further reported to improve eyesight, and to enhance recovery from common colds, headaches, wounds and festering sores.	2,077
964	Devil's Tree	Bark	Medicinal	The bark is a bitter, astringent, alterative herb that lowers fevers, relaxes spasms, stimulates lactation and expels intestinal worms	2,298
965	Devil's Tree	Leaf	Medicinal	A poultice made from the leaves has been reported as a good remedy against skin diseases	2,298
966	Purple Amaranth	Whole	Medicinal	Vegetable amaranths are recommended as a good food with medicinal properties for young children, lactating mothers and for patients with constipation, fever, haemorrhage, anaemia or kidney complaints.	2,038
967	Amaranth	Leaf	Medicinal	The bruised leaves are considered a good emollient and applied externally in cases of eczema, burns, wounds, boils, earache and haemorroids.	2,023
968	Wild Celery	Whole	Medicinal	Wild celery has a long history of medicinal and food use. it is an aromatic bitter tonic herb that reduces blood pressure, relieves indigestion, stimulates the uterus and is anti-inflammatory	2,219
969	Wild Celery	Seed	Medicinal	An essential oil obtained from the plant has a calming effect on the central nervous system. Some of its constituents have antispasmodic, sedative and anticonvulsant actions. It has been shown to be of value in treating high blood pressure	2,219
970	Asystasia	Root	Medicinal	Used in treating stomach-ache and snakebite.	1,977
971	Asystasia	Leaf	Medicinal	Used as analgesic and to treat epilepsy and urethral discharge.Used to treat asthma as well.	1,977
972	Asystasia	Flower	Medicinal	Used as an intestinal astringent.	1,977
973	Madagascar Periwinkle	Root	Medicinal	The dried root is an industrial source of ajmalicine, which increases the blood flow in the brain and peripheral parts of the body. Preparations of ajmalicine are used to treat the psychological and behavioural problems of senility, sensory problems (dizziness, tinnitus), cranial traumas and their neurological complications	2,340
974	Madagascar Periwinkle	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves and aerial parts of the plant have a wide range of traditional uses. Well known as an oral hypoglycaemic agent, the plant is also considered to be depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, purgative and vermifuge. A decoction is taken to treat hypertension, asthma, menstrual irregularities, chronic constipation, diarrhoea, indigestion, dyspepsis, malaria, dengue fever, diabetes, cancer and skin diseases	2,340
975	Madagascar Periwinkle	Root	Medicinal	A decoction of the roots is taken to treat dysmenorrhoea	2,340
976	Celosia	Whole	Medicinal	The whole plant is used as an antidote for snakebites and the roots to treat colic, gonorrhoea and eczema.	2,030
977	Celosia	Seed	Medicinal	The seeds are used as medicine for diarrhoea, and in Ethiopia the flowers to treat dysentery and muscle troubles.	2,030
978	Celosia	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are used as medicine in the treatment of infected sores, wounds and skin eruptions.	2,030
979	Coriander	Fruit	Medicinal	The Fruit are reported to have carminative, diuretic, tonic, stomachic, antibilious, refrigerant, anticatarrhal, antispasmodic, galactagogue, emmenagogue and aphrodisiac effects.	2,205
980	Chinese Gooseberry	Whole	Medicinal	Used in the treatment of stones in the urinary tract,rheumatoid arthralgia, cancers of the liver and oesophagus	1,985
981	Chinese Gooseberry	Leaf	Medicinal	A decoction of the leaves is used to treat mange in dogs.	1,985
982	Chinese Gooseberry	Stem	Medicinal	The stem-juice is used in the treatment of gravel.	1,985
983	Red Tasselflower	Leaf	Medicinal	Leaf is crush and and applied at the small swollen at skin, boiled with water from medicine for fever, cough and phthisis. Root used for the medicine of diarrhea. In Java Island, the leaf juice is dripped to hurt eye and ear.	1,978
984	Potato Onion	Bulb	Medicinal	Shallot also has medicinal properties. Traditionally it is used to reduce fever and to cure wounds.	2,074
985	Fennel	Seed	Medicinal	An infusion of the seeds is a safe and effective cure for wind in babies	2,211
986	Fennel	Root	Medicinal	An infusion of the root is used to treat urinary disorders	2,211
987	Common Oleander	Whole	Medicinal	Oleander is a very poisonous plant, containing a powerful cardiac toxin and should only be used with extreme caution.	2,297
988	Common Oleander	Root	Medicinal	The root is powerfully resolvent. Because of its poisonous nature it is only used externally. It is beaten into a paste with water and applied to chancres and ulcers on the penis	2,297
989	Parsnip	Root	Medicinal	A tea made from the roots has been used in the treatment of women's complaints. A poultice of the roots has been applied to inflammations and sores.The root contains xanthotoxin, which is used in the treatment of psoriasis and vitiligo.	2,217
990	Parsley	Leaf	Medicinal	A poultice of the leaves has been applied externally to soothe bites and stings	2,216
991	Parsley	Whole	Medicinal	Parsley is antidandruff, antispasmodic, aperient, carminative, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, galactofuge, kidney, stomachic and tonic	2,216
992	Yellow Mombin	Bark	Medicinal	The bark is used in a remedy for gonorrhoea, to treat diarrhoea, coughs and colds, haemorrhages. stomach-aches and to alleviate fatigue	2,123
993	Yellow Mombin	Leaf	Medicinal	Leaf decoctions are used to treat diarrhoea, dysentery, colds, fevers and gonorrhoea.	2,123
994	Yellow Mombin	Flower	Medicinal	The flowers are cardiac and stomachic.A decoction is used in the treatment of laryngitis, ophthalmia and children's diarrhoea.	2,123
995	Ginger	Whole	Medicinal	Tt can cure sprained muscles	1,975
996	Love-Lies-Bleeding	Root	Medicinal	The root is used as a laxative, and the seed for expelling tapeworms and for treating eye diseases, amoebic dysentery, and breast complaints.	2,062
997	Spleen Amaranth	Whole	Medicinal	Amaranth leaves in general are recommended as a good food with medicinal properties for young children, lactating mothers and for patients with fever, haemorrhage, anaemia, constipation or kidney complaints.	2,041
998	Livid Amaranth	Whole	Medicinal	The plant is emollient and vermifuge.A decoction of the entire plant is used to stop dysentery and inflammations, and also to purify the blood	2,053
999	Livid Amaranth	Root	Medicinal	The root juice is used to treat inflammation during urination.It is also taken to treat constipation.The pounded root is applied against dysentery	2,053
1,000	Dill	Seed	Medicinal	The seeds are a common and very effective household remedy for a wide range of digestive problems.	2,210
1,001	Cherimoya	Seed	Medicinal	Rural people toast, peel and pulverize 1 or 2 seeds and take the powder with water or milk as a potent emetic and cathartic. Mixed with grease, the powder is applied on parasitic skin disorders.	2,132
1,002	Soncoya	Fruit	Medicinal	The juice of the fruit is regarded as a remedy for fever, chills and jaundice.Its use in the treatment of jaundice is most likely to be based on its colour rather than its efficacy	2,156
1,003	Pistachio Nut	Whole	Medicinal	The plant is used in China for the treatment of abdominal ailments, abscesses, amenorrhoea, bruises, chest ailments, circulation, dysentery, gynecopathy, pruritus, rheumatism, sclerosis of the liver, sores and trauma	2,112
1,004	Holy Mangrove	Leaf	Medicinal	Used to treat rheumatism,neuralgia and poison arrow wounds.	1,980
1,005	Acanthus	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	1,979
1,006	Acanthus	Root	Medicinal	NULL	1,979
1,007	Rakkyo	Bulb	Medicinal	Medicinally, the bulbs are of interest in the prevention of thrombosis. They are used for the treatment of heart failures in Chinese medicine. Rakkyo is also used against fever, stomach-ache and eye infections.	2,080
1,008	Wood Garlic	Bulb	Medicinal	Ramsons ease stomach pain and are tonic to the digestion, so they can be used in the treatment of diarrhoea, colic, wind, indigestion and loss of appetite.	2,076
1,009	Wood Garlic	Whole	Medicinal	The whole herb can be used in an infusion against threadworms, either ingested or given as an enema. The herb is also beneficial in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and emphysema	2,076
1,010	Smooth Pigweed	Leaf	Medicinal	A tea made from the leaves is astringent.It is used in the treatment of intestinal bleeding, diarrhoea, excessive menstruation.	2,040
1,011	Garden Angelica	Fruit	Medicinal	Angelica archangelica fruit for fevers and colds, infection of the urinary tract, dyspeptic complaints and loss of appetite.	2,212
1,012	Wild Angelica	Root	Medicinal	The root and the seeds are antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, stimulant, stomachic, and tonic	2,218
1,013	Mountain Soursop	Leaf	Medicinal	A decoction of the leaves is drunk in the evening before retiring for its calming effect on the nerves and sedative effect which promotes sleep.The leaves are also used to treat fever and headache.	2,152
1,014	Butterfly Milkweed	Root	Medicinal	Pleurisy root is a bitter, nutty-flavoured tonic herb that increases perspiration, relieves spasms and acts as an expectorant	2,296
1,015	Adquiere	Root	Medicinal	A decoction of the root is used to treat furunculosis and syphilis	2,420
1,016	Adquiere	Fruit	Medicinal	The pulp of the fruit is used to treat coughs and as a breath freshener	2,420
1,017	Gardner Saltbush	Leaf	Medicinal	The Paiute boiled the leaves and used the mixture as treatment for aches and sore muscles.	2,018
1,018	Garden Orach	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are said to be efficacious when used externally in the treatment of gout.	2,033
1,019	Garden Orach	Seed	Medicinal	The seeds, mixed with wine, are said to cure yellow jaundice.	2,033
1,020	Quail Bush	Leaf	Medicinal	The fresh leaves can be chewed, or the dried leaves smoked, in the treatment of head colds.	2,020
1,021	Quail Bush	Whole	Medicinal	The crushed flowers, stems and leaves can be steamed and inhaled to treat nasal congestion.	2,020
1,022	Quail Bush	Root	Medicinal	A poultice of the powdered roots has been applied to sores.	2,020
1,023	Beetroot	Root	Medicinal	Roots and leaves are used medicinally against infections and tumours, and garden beet juice is a popular health food.	2,009
1,024	Cuddapah Almond	Bark	Medicinal	The bark is used in tanning; its gum is used against leprosy in traditional medicine	2,100
1,025	Sodom Apple	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are used for the treatment of asthma	2,338
1,026	Sodom Apple	Flower	Medicinal	It is used in the treatment of asthma and catarrh	2,338
1,027	Karanda	Fruit	Medicinal	The Fruit are astringent, antiscorbutic and also used as a remedy for biliousness	2,301
1,028	Karanda	Leaf	Medicinal	A leaf decoction is used against fever, diarrhoea, and earache	2,301
1,029	Karanda	Root	Medicinal	The roots serve as a stomachic, vermifuge and remedy for itches	2,301
1,030	Mexican Tea	Seed	Medicinal	Wormseed is also commonly used externally to treat ulcers, eczema and erysipelas.	2,049
1,031	Mexican Tea	Leaf	Medicinal	Crushed leaves are widely applied as poultices on bruises, insect bites and ulcers.	2,049
1,032	Perennial Goosefoot	Seed	Medicinal	The seed is a gentle laxative that is suitable for children.	2,050
1,033	Perennial Goosefoot	Leaf	Medicinal	A poultice of the leaves has been used to cleanse and heal chronic sores, boils and abscesses.	2,050
1,034	Eddoe	Whole	Medicinal	The corms are used to treat stomach-ache, diarrhoea, and as a poultice on sores and skin diseases. Chopped, tied in a cloth and heated the corms are used to treat rheumatism. The corm juice is used in cases of baldness, piles, as a laxative, and as an antidote to insect stings.	2,376
1,035	Eddoe	Leaves and petioles	Medicinal	Leaves are applied to burns, and are eaten to treat sore throat, dysentery and stomach-ache. The juice from the petioles is considered styptic and used to arrest arterial haemorrhage, and also to treat earache, inflamed glands, boils and as an external stimulant and rubefacient. The leaves are used for wrapping up a bolus of mustard-seed and garlic to be used as a prophylactic after childbirth.	2,376
1,036	Hemlock	Whole	Medicinal	The whole plant is analgesic, antispasmodic, emetic, galactofuge and sedative.	2,213
1,037	Rock Samphire	Whole	Medicinal	Rock samphire is little used in herbal medicine, though it is a good diuretic and holds out potential as a treatment for obesity.	2,188
1,038	Mitsuba	Whole	Medicinal	Used in the treatment of haemorrhages, colds, fevers.	2,187
1,039	Cumin	Seed	Medicinal	It has been used in the treatment of minor digestive complaints, chest conditions and coughs, as a pain killer and to treat rotten teeth.	2,206
1,040	Asafoetida	Whole	Medicinal	Asafoetida is a very effective medicinal herb that acts mainly on the digestive system, cleansing and strengthening the gastro-intestinal tract.	2,202
1,041	Asafoetida	Root	Medicinal	The pungently flavoured gum-resin that is obtained from the root is alterative, anthelmintic, antiperiodic, antispasmodic, carminative, deobstruent, deodorant, expectorant, laxative, sedative and stomachic.	2,202
1,042	Cow Parsnip	Root	Medicinal	The roots and the leaves are aphrodisiac, digestive, mildly expectorant and sedative	2,209
1,043	Ilex	Leaf	Medicinal	They are used in the treatment of intermittent fevers, rheumatism, catarrh, pleurisy	2,375
1,044	Erva-mate	Leaf	Medicinal	The mineral rich leaves contain xanthine derivatives, including about 1.5% caffeine plus theobromine and theophylline, and up to 16% tannins.They are stimulant, diuretic, antirheumatic.They are said to have the power to increase intellectual lucidity and vigour. The leaves are used internally in the treatment of headaches, migraine, neuralgic and rheumatic pain, fatigue and mild depression.They have also been used in the treatment of diabetes.The leaves are harvested when the berries are ripe, they are heated over a wood fire, ground into a powder then stored in sacks for 12 months before being used.	2,374
1,045	Lesser Duckweed	Whole	Medicinal	The whole plant is alterative, antipruritic, antiscorbutic, astringent, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge and soporific	2,381
1,046	Lovage	Root	Medicinal	Externally, the root is used in the treatment of sore throats and aphthous ulcers	2,215
1,047	Lovage	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves, either eaten in salads or dried and infused as a tea, have been used as an emmenagogue.	2,215
1,048	Lovage	Seed	Medicinal	The essential oil from the seeds is used by aromatherapists to remove freckles and spots from the face	2,215
1,049	Buriti Palm	Seed	Medicinal	The oil from the seed is high in vitamin A and is frequently used to treat burns, because of its soothing qualities and its ability to promote the formation of scar tissue	2,427
1,050	Buriti Palm	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are used in baths as an emollient.	2,427
1,051	Anise	Seed	Medicinal	The oil from the seed used for aromatherapy mainly to release pain from the body.	1,975
1,052	Burnet Saxifrage	Root	Medicinal	The root is anti-inflammatory, mildly astringent and expectorant.	2,203
1,053	Mastic Tree	Whole	Medicinal	It is little used in modern herbalism though it could be employed as an expectorant for bronchial troubles and coughs and as a treatment for diarrhoea.	2,102
1,054	Sanicle	Wood	Medicinal	Wood sanicle used to be widely used as a herbal remedy and has a long-standing reputation for healing wounds and treating internal bleeding.	2,189
1,055	Sanicle	Whole	Medicinal	It is also taken internally in the treatment of bleeding in the stomach and intestines, the coughing up of blood, nosebleeds, chest and lung complaints, dysentery, diarrhoea	2,189
1,056	Pepper Tree	Bark	Medicinal	A resinous gum obtained from the bark has been used in folk medicine to treat digestive disorders.	2,111
1,057	Hairy-fruited Eggplant	Seed	Medicinal	Used for toothache remedy	1,978
1,058	Hairy-fruited Eggplant	Root	Medicinal	Used for fever. Mix with medicine for heal wound, itchiness and body aches.	1,978
1,059	Red Mombin	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves exhibit anti-bacterial properties.The leaf juice is taken orally in the treatment of swollen glands and trauma.The crushed leaves are applied as a poultice to treat headaches.	2,113
1,060	Red Mombin	Fruit	Medicinal	In large amounts the fruit is laxative and is used as a treatment for constipation.	2,113
1,061	Lesser Periwinkle	Whole	Medicinal	It contains the alkaloid 'vincamine', which is used by the pharmaceutical industry as a cerebral stimulant and vasodilator	2,305
1,062	Lesser Periwinkle	Root	Medicinal	The root is antispasmodic and hypotensive. It is used to lower the blood pressure. The root is gathered in the autumn and dried for later use	2,305
1,063	Lesser Periwinkle	Leaf	Medicinal	A homeopathic remedy is made from the fresh leaves. It is used in the treatment of haemorrhages	2,305
1,064	Common Waterplantain	Leaf	Medicinal	They are used in the treatment of cystitis, dysentery, renal calculus, gravel etc.	1,992
1,065	Common Waterplantain	Stem	Medicinal	Dried stem bases eaten, or grated and taken with water in treating digestive disorders such as heartburn, cramps and stomach flu.	1,992
1,066	Common Waterplantain	Seed	Medicinal	The powdered seed is an astringent, used in cases of bleeding.	1,992
1,067	Common Waterplantain	Root	Medicinal	It is said to lower blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels whilst it also has an antibacterial action on Staphylococcus, Pneumococci and Mycobacterium. The root is used in the treatment of oliguria, oedema, nephritis, acute diarrhoea, cholesterolaemia and fatty liver. It has been thought of as a cure for rabies, though this has not been substantiated.	1,992
1,068	Common Waterplantain	Whole	Medicinal	The whole plant is believed to promote conception.	1,992
1,069	Great Angelica	Leaf	Medicinal	A tea made from the leaves is carminative and stomachic. It is also used in the treatment of colds, rheumatism.	2,184
1,070	Great Angelica	Root	Medicinal	An infusion has been used in the treatment of fevers, colds, flatulent colic and other stomach disorders, obstructed menses and as a general tonic for women.	2,184
1,071	Hemp Dogbane	Whole	Medicinal	Indian hemp is an unpleasantly bitter stimulant irritant herb that acts on the heart, respiratory and urinary systems, and also on the uterus	2,299
1,072	Hemp Dogbane	Root	Medicinal	A weak tea made from the dried root has been used for cardiac diseases	2,299
1,073	Cape Water-hawthorn	Stem	Medicinal	The stems with their high juice content make soothing treatments for burns and scrapes and take the pain out of sunburn, if the juice is applied every hour until the redness fades	2,346
1,074	Swamp Milkweed	Root	Medicinal	A tea made from the roots is anthelmintic, carminative, diuretic, emetic, strongly laxative and stomachic. The tea is said to remove tapeworms from the body in one hour. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma, rheumatism, syphilis, worms and as a heart tonic. An infusion of the roots is used as a strengthening bath for children and adults	2,339
1,075	Showy Milkweed	Whole	Medicinal	A decoction of the plant tops can be strained and used to treat blindness and snow-blindness	2,337
1,076	Showy Milkweed	Root	Medicinal	The root is either chewed when fresh, or dried, ground into a powder then boiled, and used in the treatment of stomach ache. A decoction of the roots has been used in small doses to treat venereal diseases and also to treat coughs, especially from TB. A poultice of the mashed roots has been applied to rheumatic joints. Some caution should be employed when using the root since there is a report that it can be poisonous in large quantities	2,337
1,077	Field Eryngo	Root	Medicinal	The root promotes free expectoration and is very useful in the treatment of debility attendant on coughs of chronic standing in the advanced stages of pulmonary consumption	2,220
1,078	Fourwing Saltbush	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves can be made into a soapy lather and used as a wash on itches and rashes such as chickenpox.	2,017
1,079	Fourwing Saltbush	Leaf	Medicinal	A poultice of the crushed leaves can be applied to ant bites to reduce the pain and swelling.	2,017
1,080	Sea Orach	Shoot	Medicinal	The shoots are burnt to produce an antacid powder	2,021
1,081	Mahua 'var. latifolia'	Bark	Medicinal	Used in rheumatism, ulcers, bleedings and tonsillitis.	2,002
1,082	Sobu	Bark	Medicinal	Bark decoctions are taken to treat stomach-ache, diarrhoea, tuberculosis, bronchitis and hepatitis. Bark pulp is applied against swellings, oedema and whitlow, and bark sap is dropped into the nose to treat headache and rubbed in to treat rickets in children.	2,155
1,083	Chaulmoogra Oil Tree	Seed	Medicinal	Use in the treatment of leprosy	1,984
1,084	Chaulmoogra Oil Tree	Bark	Medicinal	A decoction of the bark is drunk as a general tonic to improve health and in the treatment of internal disorders and skin diseases	1,984
1,085	Chaulmoogra Oil Tree	Root	Medicinal	Used by Thai traditional doctors in the treatment of skin diseases	1,984
1,086	Chaulmoogra	Seed	Medicinal	Used as local application is rheumatism, sprains, braises, sciatica and chest affections.	1,983
1,087	Indian Snakeroot	Leaf	Medicinal	The juice of the leaves is used to remove opacities of the cornea of the eyes and also to treat wounds and itches	2,300
1,088	Indian Snakeroot	Root	Medicinal	They are used particularly in the treatment of hypertension, where they are said to cause a lowering of the blood pressure without dangerous side effects	2,300
1,089	Morvola Nut	Root	Medicinal	The root is pounded up with water, and the water is drunk in the treatment of schistosomiasis.	2,110
1,090	Morvola Nut	Whole	Medicinal	The bark, especially of the roots, but also of the trunk, is used as a remedy for snake-bites.	2,110
1,091	Morvola Nut	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are chewed as a treatment for coughs	2,110
1,092	Swamp Corkwood	Leaf	Medicinal	Boiled water from leaf contain diuretic and lactic ingredients	1,978
1,093	Swamp Corkwood	Bark	Medicinal	Boiled water from bark used to make tonic to heal intestinal pain	1,978
1,094	Ajwain	Seed	Medicinal	It is used internally in the treatment of colds, coughs, influenza, asthma, diarrhoea, cholera, colic, indigestion, wind, oedema, arthritis and rheumatism.	2,201
1,095	Ajwain	Seed	Medicinal	The essential oil is also added to cough medicines.	2,201
1,096	Lanete	Bark	Medicinal	The bark of the stem and roots is regarded as an antidote against snake bites and scorpion stings	2,303
1,097	Borasuss Palm	Root	Medicinal	The roots serve for the treatment of stomach parasites, bronchitis, sore throats and asthma, as well as being used for a mouthwash	2,426
1,098	Borasuss Palm	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are said to be an aphrodisiac.	2,426
1,099	Marula	Bark	Medicinal	Bark decoctions are administered orally or as enemas to treat diarrhoea and dysentery	2,097
1,100	Kinaboom	Bark	Medicinal	A bark decoction is used in traditional medicine as an astringent, purgative or emetic to treat fever, swellings, rheumatism, hepatitis, pneumonia, abdominal pain and as a tranquilizer.	2,302
1,101	Kinaboom	Root	Medicinal	A root decoction is taken to treat fever, swollen legs, insomnia and palpitation of the heart. The root is used for treating insomnia and insecurity	2,302
1,102	Masterwort	Root	Medicinal	The root is antispasmodic, aromatic, bitter, strongly carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant and stomachic	2,186
1,103	Finger Root	Root	Medicinal	The root and root-bark have a widespread reputation in traditional medicine in Africa. The plant has been shown to contain several medically active compounds - the root bark yields an oleo-resin; alkaloids are present in small amount in the roots; tannins have been recorded as present but saponins have been recorded as absent	2,180
1,104	Finger Root	Whole	Medicinal	The sap of the leaves, roots and stems is widely used on wounds and sores and is said to promote rapid healing.	2,180
1,105	Chironji	Whole	Medicinal	The gum from the tree is used against leprosy in traditional medicine.	2,125
1,106	Chironji	Root	Medicinal	The roots are acrid, astringent, cooling, depurative and constipating. They are useful in the treatment of diarrhoea.	2,125
1,107	Chironji	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are used in the treatment of skin diseases.	2,125
1,108	Chironji	Fruit	Medicinal	Fruits are used in treating coughs and asthma.	2,125
1,109	Suweg	Root	Medicinal	The root is carminative, restorative, stomachic and tonic	2,416
1,110	Suweg	Stem	Medicinal	The stem is cut, and the inside of the stem eaten raw, in the treatment of snakebites	2,416
1,111	Suweg	Petiole	Medicinal	The sap from the petiole is fermented and drunk as a treatment for diarrhoea and dysentery	2,416
1,112	Taro	Leaf	Medicinal	The sap of the leaf stalk is used in treating conjunctivitis	2,418
1,113	Cranberry Bush	Root	Medicinal	An infusion of the roots has been used in the treatment of prolapse of the uterus.	1,986
1,114	Cranberry Bush	Bark	Medicinal	A decoction of the branches has been used to treat a fallen womb after birth.	1,986
1,115	Cranberry Bush	Root	Medicinal	An infusion of the roots has been used to make a person vomit in the treatment of bad blood and fevers.	1,986
1,116	Cranberry Bush	Bark	Medicinal	An infusion of the inner bark has been used to treat stomach cramps.	1,986
1,117	Ivy Gourd	Leaf	Medicinal	Leaf has the antipyretic properties. Good for diabetes patient. Made into powdered medicine.	1,978
1,118	Sea Beet	Seed	Medicinal	A decoction prepared from the seed has been used as a remedy for tumours of the intestines.	1,999
1,119	Prickly Chaff Flower	Leaf	Medicinal	A paste of the leaves is applied in the treatment of rabies, nervous disorders, hysteria, insect and snake bites.	2,066
1,120	Node Flower Allmania	Fruit	Medicinal	The ripe Fruit are used to treat constipation and dysentery.	2,065
1,121	Node Flower Allmania	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are febrifuge.	2,065
1,122	Sessile Joy Weed	Whole	Medicinal	Alternanthera sessilis is used in local medicine in Taiwan, often in mixtures with other medicinal plants, to treat hepatitis, tight chest, bronchitis, asthma and other lung troubles, to stop bleeding and as a hair tonic.	2,071
1,123	Slender Amaranth	Whole	Medicinal	Vegetable amaranths in general are recommended as a good food with medicinal properties for young children, lactating mothers and for patients with fever, haemorrhage, anaemia or kidney complaints.	2,072
1,124	Slender Amaranth	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are used as a febrifuge and poultice to treat inflammations, boils and abscesses.	2,072
1,125	Spiny Amaranth	Seed	Medicinal	The seed is used as a poultice for broken bones.	2,073
1,126	Spiny Amaranth	Root	Medicinal	The juice of the root is used in Nepal to treat fevers, urinary troubles, diarrhoea and dysentery.	2,073
1,127	Palak 'var. bengalensis'	Root	Medicinal	Used as a tonic for women	2,012
1,128	Desert Horse Purslane	Root	Medicinal	They are used to relieve obstructions of the liver, and to relieve asthma and amenorrhoea.A decoction of the powdered root is taken to treat venereal discharge	1,987
1,129	Desert Horse Purslane	Leaf	Medicinal	They are used in the treatment of oedema, jaundice, strangury and dropsy.The old leaves are used in a treatment against gonorrhoea	1,987
1,130	Parsley Root 'var. tuberosum'	Whole	Medicinal	Parsley is a commonly grown culinary and medicinal herb that is often used as a domestic medicine. Its prime use is as a diuretic where it is effective in ridding the body of stones and in treating jaundice, dropsy, cystitis.	2,183
1,131	Parsley Root 'var. tuberosum'	Leaf	Medicinal	If the leaves are kept close to the breasts of a nursing mother for a few days, the milk flow will cease.	2,183
1,132	Great masterwort	Root	Medicinal	A decoction of the root is purgative.	2,185
1,133	Great masterwort	Whole	Medicinal	An infusion of the whole plant is a gentle diuretic.	2,185
1,134	Sicilian Sumac	Leaf	Medicinal	They are used in the treatment of dysentery, haemoptysis and conjunctivitis.	2,128
1,135	Field Garlic	Bulb	Medicinal	They contain sulphur compounds (which give them their onion flavour) and when added to the diet on a regular basis they help reduce blood cholesterol levels, act as a tonic to the digestive system and also tonify the circulatory system.	2,095
1,136	Jamun	Whole	Environmental	Tree popular in social forestry and for planting on roadsides.	1,974
1,137	Belimbing Buluh	Fruit	Beverages	It is stated that the juice can reduce the high blood pressure, diabetes and syncope.	1,973
1,138	Pomegranate	Fruit	Beverages	NULL	1,973
1,139	Five Corner	Fruit	Beverages	It is stated that the juice can reduce the high blood pressure.	1,973
1,140	Love-Lies-Bleeding	Seed	Beverages	The seeds are fermented to make alcoholic beverages, e.g. beer or called tella in Ethiopia	2,062
1,141	Soncoya	Fruit	Beverages	Raw and also made into juice.	2,156
1,142	Indian Bael	Fruit	Beverages	Have medicinal properties.	1,974
1,143	Atemoya (Annona atemoya)	Fruit	Beverages	It can be utilized as a flavouring of ice-cream, sherbets and beverages	2,130
1,144	Mountain Soursop	Fruit	Beverages	They are consumed fresh for dessert when fully ripe or mixed with ice cream or milk to make a drink.	2,152
1,145	Gardner Saltbush	Seed	Beverages	The seeds were ground up and made into a beverage with water and sugar. This drink was called pinole.	2,018
1,146	Mastic Tree	Whole	Beverages	It is also the basis of a Greek confectionery called 'masticha' and a liqueur called 'mastiche'.	2,102
1,147	Pepper Tree	Fruit	Beverages	A wine is made from the twigs and another from the berries.	2,111
1,148	Borasuss Palm	Seed	Beverages	The immature seed contains a sweet juice which can be drunk like coconut water	2,426
1,149	Borasuss Palm	Stem	Beverages	The sap is extracted from the stem. Rich in sugars, it can be made into a refreshing beverage, fermented to make palm wine (toddy) or vinegar, or the sugars can be extracted	2,426
1,150	Marula	Fruit	Beverages	Fermenting the fruit at household level produces an alcoholic beverage (â€˜marula beerâ€™) which is either consumed directly or distilled into a strong liqueur.	2,097
1,151	Kinaboom	Whole	Beverages	An extract from the root and the powdered stem bark are added to a local beer made from cooking bananas in order to add a bitter flavour and to increase the alcohol percentage of the drink	2,302
1,152	Jamun	Fruit	Beverages	Drinks made from powdered seeds.	1,974
1,153	Jamun	Leaf	Beverages	Said to have medicinal properties.	1,974
1,154	Green Amaranth	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The plant is also a good cattle fodder and green manure.	2,034
1,155	Jackfruit	Leaves and petioles	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Particularly for goats	1,974
1,156	Mediterranean Amaranth	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Amaranthus graecizans is used as a fodder for livestock.	2,063
1,157	Celosia	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Celosia can also be used as a livestock feed.	2,030
1,158	Love-Lies-Bleeding	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Harvest residues are used for feeding livestock and for thatching	2,062
1,159	Prince's Feather	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The seeds are used as a grain.	2,037
1,160	Arracacha	Root	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The crown of the root is used to feed dairy livestock and also the stem and leaves can be used as animal feed.	2,207
1,161	Ground Ivy	Leaf	Food	The leaf can be mixed into salads to add a slight aromatic tang. They can also be cooked like spinach, added to soups etc or used as a flavouring.	8,367
1,162	Ground Ivy	Leaf	Beverages	A herb tea is made from the fresh or dried leaves.	8,367
1,163	Ground Ivy	Leaf	Medicinal	Ground ivy is a safe and effective herb that is used to treat many problems involving the mucous membranes of the ear, nose, throat and digestive system. A well-tolerated treatment it can be given to children to clear lingering catarrh and to treat chronic conditions such as glue ear and sinusitis.	8,367
1,164	Horehound	Whole	Medicinal	M. vulgare was formerly valuable as a medicinal herb, grown in many home and herb gardens, but is now much less important. It is a well-known and popular herbal medicine often used as a domestic remedy for coughs, colds, wheeziness and similar ailments	8,368
1,165	Horehound	Whole	Beverages	It is often made into a syrup or candy in order to disguise its very bitter flavour, though it can also be taken as a tea. As a bitter tonic, it increases the appetite and supports the function of the stomach.	8,368
1,166	Horehound	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	M. vulgare has a bitter taste, caused by the alkaloid marrubin, so that it is not normally palatable to livestock although, if hungry, sheep will graze it.	8,368
1,167	Horehound	Extract (oil)	Beverages	An essential oil is obtained from the plant and used as a flavouring in liqueurs.	8,368
1,168	Hyssop	Whole	Medicinal	It is a quite significant medicinal plant which can be utilized for the treatment of several diseases such as microbial infection, epilepsy, ulcer, and spasm.	8,369
1,169	Hyssop	Extract (oil)	Industrial	Its essential oil is widely being used in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries worldwide. Its oil is used as an herbal medicine and very precious food additive.	8,369
1,170	Hyssop	Extract (oil)	Food	The essence of H. officinalis is used in food preparation to a minor extent.	8,369
1,171	Hyssop	Extract (oil)	Beverages	H. officinalis is used to flavor liqueur and is one main ingredient of the official formulation of Chartreuse.	8,369
1,172	Cowpea	Leaf	Medicinal	Leaves and seeds are applied as a poultice to treat swellings and skin infections and leaves are also chewed to treat tooth ailments.	8,263
1,173	Cowpea	Seed	Medicinal	Leaves and seeds are applied as a poultice to treat swellings and skin infections. Powdered carbonized seeds are applied on insect stings.	8,263
1,174	Cowpea	Root	Medicinal	The root is used as an antidote for snakebites and to treat epilepsy, chest pain, constipation and dysmenorrhoea.	8,263
1,175	Lavandin	Flower	Food	Petals and flowering tips can be used as a condiment in salads, soups, stews etc. They provide a very aromatic flavour.	8,379
1,176	Lavandin	Flower	Beverages	The fresh or dried flowers are used as a tea.	8,379
1,177	Lavandin	Extract (oil)	Food	An essential oil from the flowers is used as a food flavouring.	8,379
1,178	Lavandin	Extract (oil)	Medicinal	Lavender is a commonly used household herbal remedy. An essential oil obtained from the flowers is antihalitosis, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, cholagogue, diuretic, nervine, sedative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic.	8,379
1,179	Lavandin	Extract (oil)	Industrial	The essential oil that is obtained from the flowers is exquisitely scented and has a very wide range of applications, both in the home and commercially. It is commonly used in soap making, in making high quality perfumes (it is also used in 'Eau de Cologne'), it is also used as a detergent and cleaning agent, a food flavouring etc. The aromatic leaves and flowers are used in pot-pourri.	8,379
1,180	Chickpea	Seed	Food	The fresh or dried seed is cooked in soups, stews etc. Parched seeds can be eaten as a snack[183]. The seed can also be ground into a meal and used with cereal flours for making bread, cakes etc. The roasted seed is a coffee substitute.	8,390
1,181	Lavandin	Whole	Ornamental	Lavender is a very ornamental plant that is often grown in the herb garden and is also grown commercially for its essential oil.	8,379
1,182	Chickpea	Root	Food	The roasted root can also be used as a coffee substitute.	8,390
1,183	Chickpea	Pod	Food	Both the young seedpods and the young shoots are said to be edible[57, 61, 142, 171, 177, 183] but some caution is advised.	8,390
1,184	Chickpea	Pod	Medicinal	An acid exudation from the seedpods is astringent. It has been used in the treatment of dyspepsia, constipation and snakebite.	8,390
1,185	Dabai	Fruit	Food	Fruit - raw or used in the same way as olives. When eaten fresh, they are soaked in hot water for about 10 minutes until they become soft and are then eaten with sugar or soy sauce in a meal or as a savoury snack.	8,391
1,186	Dabai	Seed	Food	The rich, nutty kernel can be eaten.	8,391
1,187	Fonio	Grain	Food	Fonio is a staple food in various parts of West Africa, where it is also known as ‘acha’ or ‘fundi’, but it is also a prestige food (‘chief’s food’) and a gourmet item. In the Dominican Republic fonio flour is made into porridges and creams, mixed with other cereal flours to make cookies, and it is used in the preparation of candy and fermented beverages.	8,392
1,188	Fonio	Grain	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Fonio grain is a valuable, easily digested feed for farm animals.	8,392
1,189	Fonio	Forage (dry)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The straw and chaff are excellent fodder and are often sold in markets for this purpose.	8,392
1,190	Fonio	Grain	Medicinal	Fonio grain is considered to have medicinal properties; it is recommended for lactating women and diabetic people.	8,392
1,191	Finger Millet	Seed	Food	Seed - cooked. Used as a millet, the seed can be cooked whole or ground and used as a flour. It is used in cakes, puddings, porridge etc.	8,393
1,192	Finger Millet	Grain	Food	The grain is higher in protein, fat and minerals than rice, corn, or sorghum. When consumed as food it provides a sustaining diet, especially for people doing hard work. The grain may also be malted and a flour of the malted grain used as a nourishing food for infants and invalids. Finger millet is considered an especially wholesome food for diabetics.	8,393
1,193	Finger Millet	Seed	Medicinal	The seed is astringent, tonic and cooling. It is used in the treatment of fevers, biliousness and hepatitis.	8,393
1,194	Finger Millet	Leaf	Medicinal	The plant is a folk remedy for treating leprosy, liver disease, measles, pleurisy, pneumonia, and small pox. The juice of a mixture of finger millet leaves combined with the leaves of Plumbago zeylanica are taken as an internal remedy for leprosy.	8,393
1,195	Finger Millet	Root	Environmental	This species is used for soil retention. The plants tiller strongly and root from the lower nodes, they provide excellent protection against soil erosion.	8,393
1,196	Finger Millet	Plant Fiber	Fibre	A fibre from the plant is used in papermaking.	8,393
1,197	Finger Millet	Seed	Beverages	The seed is often used to provide malt for making local beer and other alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages. In malting, finger millet grain has a higher enzyme activity than all other major cereals except barley, making it very suitable for brewing.	8,393
1,198	Foxtail Millet	Grain	Food	The grain may be cooked and eaten like rice, either entire or broken. It can be ground and made into unleavened bread or, when mixed with wheat flour, into leavened bread. The flour is also made into cakes, porridges and puddings.	8,396
1,199	Patchouli	Leaf	Oil (Food)	An essential oil is obtained from the dried, cured leaves. It is used as a flavouring in various items, such as chewing gum, baked goods and candy.	8,395
1,200	Foxtail Millet	Grain	Beverages	Foxtail millet is used in the preparation of beer and alcohol, especially in Russia and Myanmar, and for vinegar and wine in China.	8,396
1,201	Foxtail Millet	Forage (dry)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	In Europe and the United States foxtail millet is primarily grown as bird feed. It is an important fodder crop (‘moha’); in the United States and Europe it is grown for hay and silage, and in China the straw is an important fodder.	8,396
1,202	Patchouli	Leaf	Industrial	The essential oil from the leaves is an important ingredient in many perfumes. It is also used in a range of other products including toiletries, cosmetics, breath fresheners, incense, insecticides, insect repellents and disinfectants. In Thailand a preparation of equal parts of P. cablin leaves, guava and orange peel is recommended against diarrhoea. In aromatherapy it is used as a relaxant. Patchouli oil steam distilled from P. cablin leaves is almost universally used as a fixing agent in perfumery, blending beautifully with an exceptionally wide range of fragrance and body-care materials.	8,395
1,203	Foxtail Millet	Whole	Medicinal	Foxtail millet is credited with diuretic, astringent and emollient properties and is used to treat rheumatism. (The part for this used is not stated)	8,396
1,204	Foxtail Millet	Root	Environmental	It can be sown in contour strips for erosion control.	8,396
1,205	Patchouli	Extract (oil)	Medicinal	Both the leaves, and the essential oil obtained from them, are used medicinally and are considered to be antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, diuretic, febrifuge, digestive, sedative, stomachic and tonic. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy to treat nervous exhaustion, depression, low libido and frigidity.	8,395
1,206	Patchouli	Extract (oil)	Environmental	The essential oil from the leaves is also used in a range of other products including insecticides, insect repellents and disinfectants.	8,395
1,207	Groundnut	Seed	Food	Seed - raw, cooked or ground into a powder. Peanuts are a staple food in many tropical zones and are widely exported to temperate area of the world. The seeds have a delicious nutty flavour and can be eaten on their own either raw or roasted. The seeds are commonly ground up and used as peanut butter in sandwiches etc. They can also be cooked in a variety of dishes and are also ground into a powder when they can be used with cereals to greatly improve the protein content of breads, cakes etc.	8,401
1,208	Groundnut	Seed	Oil (Food)	A non-drying edible oil is obtained from the seed. This is one of the most commonly used edible oils is the world. It is similar in composition to olive oil and is often used in cooking, making margarines, salad oils etc.	8,401
1,209	Groundnut	Pod	Food	Young pods may be consumed as a vegetable.	8,401
1,210	Groundnut	Leaf	Food	Young leaves and tips are suitable as a cooked green vegetable.	8,401
1,211	Groundnut	Seed	Medicinal	The seeds have been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac and decoagulant.	8,401
1,212	Groundnut	Seed	Industrial	The seeds yield a non-drying oil that has a wide range of uses including the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, soaps, cold creams, pomades and lubricants, paints and emulsions for insect control. The presscake from oil extraction is rich in protein. It finds industrial application in the production of glues; sizes for paper; starches for laundering and textile manufacture.	8,401
1,213	Groundnut	Seed	Oil (Fuel)	The seeds yield a non-drying oil that has been used as fuel for diesel engines.	8,401
1,214	Hyacinth Bean	Pod	Food	The young green pods and immature seeds are eaten boiled.	8,406
1,215	Hyacinth Bean	Seed	Food	The young green pods and immature seeds are eaten boiled. Elsewhere, e.g. in northern Nigeria and Kenya , the dry seeds are eaten as a pulse although they require prolonged cooking with several changes of water.	8,406
1,216	Hyacinth Bean	Leaf	Food	Locally, the young leaves are used as a leafy vegetable.	8,406
1,217	Hyacinth Bean	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The whole plant is used as a fodder for cattle, either green or as hay or silage.	8,406
1,218	Hyacinth Bean	Leaf	Medicinal	In East Africa the leaves are crushed and sniffed to cure headache. They are used as emmenagogue and to accelerate childbirth and to treat stomach troubles. Green leaves crushed in vinegar have been used to treat snakebites. In Rwanda the leaves are taken in a decoction of a mixture with leaves of other plants in case of heart problems. In DR Congo the leaves are made into an infusion which is drunk to cure tonsillitis.	8,406
1,219	Hyacinth Bean	Seed	Medicinal	In Senegal the seed is given as a stomachic and antispasmodic and has been used in the treatment of cholera and sunstroke.	8,406
1,220	Hyacinth Bean	Root	Environmental	Lablab is widely grown for soil improvement and in soil and water conservation programmes.	8,406
1,221	Peppermint	Whole	Medicinal	In the Indian Materia Medica, leaves of Mentha piperita L. , in infusion, are used in cases of vomiting, gastric colic, cholera, diarrhoea, flatulence, weak digestion, hiccup and palpitation of the heart. Peppermint leaves are traditionally used as carminative herbal medicinal product with therapeutic indications for the symptomatic treatment of digestive disorders such as dyspepsia (e.g. spastic complaints of the upper gastrointestinal tract), flatulence, gastritis, enteritis and also as cholagogue.	8,405
1,222	Hyacinth Bean	Leaf	Industrial	In Zanzibar a green dye was obtained from pounded leaves.	8,406
1,223	Hyacinth Bean	Whole	Ornamental	In the United States it is occasionally grown as an ornamental.	8,406
1,224	Peppermint	Extract (oil)	Industrial	Peppermint leaves and extract can be used in cosmetic formulations as fragrance ingredients. Peppermint water can be used as a flavouring agent or, also, as a fragrance component.	8,405
1,225	Nalta Jute	Leaf	Food	It is used as a leafy mucilaginous vegetable.	8,408
1,226	Peppermint	Extract (oil)	Medicinal	Peppermint oil has been classified by the HMPC for use externally in coughs and colds, with muscle pain and itchiness of intact skin as a traditional herbal medicinal product and internally it can be used as inhalant.	8,405
1,227	Peppermint	Leaf	Medicinal	The HMPC has categorised peppermint leaves for the following applications as a traditional herbal medicine. Peppermint leaves are used in combination with other drugs for the digestive function or to release the mucus in the respiratory tract. Peppermint leaves as tea, even in teabags.	8,405
1,228	Nalta Jute	Plant Fiber	Fibre	It has been the most widely used packaging fibre for more than 100 years because of its strength and durability, low production costs, ease of manufacturing and availability in large and uniform quantities.	8,408
1,229	Nalta Jute	Root	Medicinal	Root scrapings of Nalta Jute are used in Kenya to treat toothache and a root decoction as a tonic.	8,408
1,230	Nalta Jute	Leaf	Medicinal	An infusion from the leaves is taken in Tanzania against constipation.	8,408
1,231	Nalta Jute	Seed	Medicinal	Seeds in Nigeria as a purgative and febrifuge.	8,408
1,232	Leucaena	Whole	Environmental	Throughout the tropics leucaena provides a major nitrogen-fixing component of lowland wasteland, fallow land and forest, where it is often a primary source of fixed nitrogen in the ecosystem.	8,410
1,233	Leucaena	Whole (without root)	Industrial	A dye has been extracted in Central America from the seeds, pods and bark.	8,410
1,234	Pot Marjoram	Leaf	Food	The leaves are used as a flavouring for salad dressings, vegetables and legumes and are best added in the final stages of cooking. A strong thyme-like aroma, the leaves are used as a substitute for oregano or marjoram, but they are inferior in flavour.	8,411
1,235	Pot Marjoram	Leaf	Beverages	A herb tea is made from the leaves.	8,411
1,236	Leucaena	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Foliage is fed to ruminant animals as browse or by cut-and-carry methods and mixed with other green fodders; it is milled as a supplement for poultry feed and pelleted for export.	8,410
1,237	Pot Marjoram	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves and flowering stems are antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, stimulant, stomachic and mildly tonic.	8,411
1,238	Leucaena	Leaf	Industrial	Wood is harvested used in industries such as ceramics. Increasing use is made of the wood for posts and props, in chipboard and plywood manufacture, for paper pulp, and for furniture and parquet flooring.	8,410
1,239	Pot Marjoram	Extract (oil)	Food	An essential oil from the leaves is used as a food flavouring and in perfumery.	8,411
1,240	Leucaena	Leaf	Food	In Asia people eat the young green shoots before the leaflets unfold.	8,410
1,241	Leucaena	Seed	Food	In the Americas, the green seeds are eaten. In Indonesia the mature seeds are eaten, either raw, cooked or mixed with other ingredients, sometimes after fermentation as a substitute for soyabean, or added to coffee after roasting.	8,410
1,242	Leucaena	Pod	Food	Young pods are eaten raw or cooked.	8,410
1,243	Leucaena	Seed	Ornamental	The dried seeds are widely used for ornamentation.	8,410
1,244	Pot Marjoram	Leaf	Industrial	The leaves and flowering stems are added to pot-pourri and scented articles.	8,411
1,245	Rosemary	Leaf	Food	The fresh or dried leaves are excellent flavouring agents in vegetables, meat (particularly lamb, veal and roasted chicken), sauces, stews, herbal butters, cream soups, fruit salads, jams, biscuits and bread.	8,413
1,246	Rosemary	Extract (oil)	Food	Rosemary oil, distilled from the flowering tops and leaves, is used to season processed foods.	8,413
1,247	Rosemary	Extract (oil)	Industrial	Rosemary oil, distilled from the flowering tops and leaves, is used to season processed foods, but for the most part it is employed in perfumes, in scenting soaps, detergents, household sprays and other related technical products. It finds application in denaturing alcohol and is popular in aromatherapy.	8,413
1,248	Rosemary	Whole	Ornamental	Rosemary is very popular as an ornamental plant used as a ground cover, hedge or shrub and is even transformed by hobbyists into bonsai or planted in hanging baskets. The leaves and flowers can be carefully dried and sold in elegant sachets and potpourris. For the last 1000 years in Europe, rosemary has been a symbol of happiness, fidelity and love, and a wedding and funeral flower.	8,413
1,249	Rosemary	Whole	Medicinal	Flowering tops and leaves are considered carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, aperient, emmenagogue, stimulant, stomachic and astringent. Rosemary also serves as a household remedy for headaches, bruises, colds, nervous tension, asthma, baldness and sore throat. In the Philippines, an infusion of the leaves is used as an eyewash for slight catarrhal conjunctivitis, as vapour baths for rheumatism, paralysis and incipient catarrhs, and to bathe women in puerperal state.	8,413
1,250	Moringa	Leaf	Food	Young leaves and shoots - raw or cooked. Added to salads, cooked as a potherb and added to soups and curries.	8,414
1,251	Moringa	Flower	Food	Flowers - raw or cooked. Added to salads, cooked as a potherb and added to soups and curries. They can also be used to make a tea.	8,414
1,252	Moringa	Pod	Food	The long, bean-like pods are used in soups and curries, or made into pickles. The young pods are said to have a taste reminiscent of asparagus and can be eaten raw.	8,414
1,253	Moringa	Seed	Food	The immature seeds are eaten like peas. A sweet flavour. Mature seeds, when roasted or fried, are said to resemble peanuts in flavour.	8,414
1,254	Moringa	Seed	Oil (Food)	An oil obtained from the seeds is used in salads and cooking. Pleasantly flavoured, it resembles olive oil and is an excellent salad oil.	8,414
1,255	Moringa	Root	Food	The pungent root is used like horseradish (Armoracea rusticana) as a hot flavouring in foods.	8,414
1,256	Moringa	Root	Medicinal	The root juice is used internally in the treatment of asthma, gout, rheumatism, enlarged spleen and liver, bladder and kidney stones, inflammatory conditions. Externally, the root is used to treat boils, ulcers, glandular swellings, infected wounds, skin diseases, dental infections, snake bites and gout. The roots and bark are used for cardiac and circulatory problems, as a tonic and for inflammation.	8,414
1,257	Moringa	Bark	Medicinal	The roots and bark are used for cardiac and circulatory problems, as a tonic and for inflammation. The gum is demulcent, diuretic, astringent and abortifacient. It is used in cough syrups and in the treatment of asthma. The bark and gum are used in the treatment of tuberculosis and septicaemia.	8,414
1,258	Moringa	Flower	Medicinal	A decoction of the flowers is used as a cold remedy.	8,414
1,259	Moringa	Seed	Medicinal	The seeds are effective against skin-infecting bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They contain the potent antibiotic and fungicide terygospermin. Ben oil, obtained from the seeds is used for hysteria, scurvy, prostate problems and bladder troubles.	8,414
1,260	Sage	Leaf	Food	A very common herb, the strongly aromatic leaves are used as a flavouring in cooked foods. The young leaves and flowers can be eaten raw, boiled, pickled or used in sandwiches.	8,417
1,261	Moringa	Whole	Environmental	Plants can be grown as an informal hedge, providing wind protection, shade and support for climbing garden plants.	8,414
1,262	Sage	Leaf	Beverages	A herb tea is made from the fresh or dried leaves.	8,417
1,263	Sage	Extract (oil)	Food	An essential oil obtained from the plant is used commercially to flavour ice cream, sweets, baked goods etc.	8,417
1,264	Moringa	Seed	Industrial	The oil obtained from the mature seed and pods, known as 'oil of ben', has been used to lubricate watches and other fine machinery. It is also used in perfumery, artist's paints, soaps and ointments.	8,414
1,265	Moringa	Bark	Fibre	The bark, when beaten, produces a fibre used to make small ropes and mats.	8,414
1,266	Sage	Whole	Medicinal	Sage is also used internally in the treatment of excessive lactation, night sweats, excessive salivation (as in Parkinson's disease), profuse perspiration (as in TB), anxiety, depression, female sterility and menopausal problems. Many herbalists believe that the purple-leafed forms of this species are more potent medicinally. Applied externally, the plant is used to treat insect bites, skin, throat, mouth and gum infections and vaginal discharge. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy.	8,417
1,267	Moringa	Bark	Industrial	The bark is used for tanning. The wood yields a blue dye. The wood is very soft, corky and light, and is useful only for light construction work.	8,414
1,268	Sage	Whole	Environmental	The growing or dried plant is said to repel insects, it is especially useful when grown amongst cabbages and carrots. It is inhibited by wormwood growing nearby and dislikes growing with basil, rue or the cucumber and squash family.	8,417
1,269	Sage	Extract (oil)	Industrial	An essential oil from the leaves is used in perfumery, hair shampoos (it is good for dark hair) and as a food flavouring. It is a very effective 'fixer' in perfumes and is also used to flavour toothpastes and is added to bio-activating cosmetics.	8,417
1,270	Mashua	Tuber	Food	Tubers - cooked. A peppery flavour, it is rather unpleasant to many tastes. The flavour can be improved somewhat by freezing the tubers after they have been cooked, they are then considered to be a delicacy by many people.	8,421
1,271	Mashua	Leaf	Food	Leaves - raw or cooked as a vegetable.	8,421
1,272	Spike Lavender	Extract (oil)	Food	An essential oil from the flowers is used as a food flavouring.	8,420
1,273	Mashua	Tuber	Medicinal	The tuber is considered to be an anaphrodisiac in the Andes, reducing sexual desire. Clinical trials have indicated a reduction of up to 45% in some male hormones when the tuber forms a considerable part of the diet, but no loss in fertility has been observed.	8,421
1,274	Spike Lavender	Extract (oil)	Medicinal	Spike lavender has similar medicinal properties to common lavender (L. angustifolia). It yields more essential oil than that species but is of inferior quality. They can be used in all the ways that common lavender is used, externally to treat wounds, burns, insect stings etc and internally to treat digestive disorders. The flowering stems, and the essential oil obtained from them, is abortifacient, antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative and emmenagogue.	8,420
1,275	Spike Lavender	Extract (oil)	Industrial	An essential oil is obtained from the flowers which used in soap making, perfumery, food flavouring, veterinary medicines, porcelain painting etc. he flowering stems, once the flowers have been removed for use in pot-pourri etc, can be tied in small bundles and burnt as incense sticks.	8,420
1,276	Napier Grass	Leaf	Food	The young shoots or leaves are added to soup.	8,422
1,277	Napier Grass	Stem	Food	The stalks are reduced to ash and then the soluble and insoluble parts separated out with water to produce vegetable salt.	8,422
1,278	Napier Grass	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Fodder: bank, pasture. Extremely palatable to all classes of stock provided young and leafy.	8,422
1,279	Napier Grass	Whole	Environmental	Napier grasses improve soil fertility, and protect arid land from soil erosion.	8,422
1,280	True Lavender	Extract (oil)	Industrial	An essential oil from the flowers is used as a food flavouring. The essential oil that is obtained from the flowers is exquisitely scented and has a very wide range of applications, both in the home and commercially. It is commonly used in soap making, in making high quality perfumes (it is also used in 'Eau de Cologne'), it is also used as a detergent and cleaning agent, a food flavouring etc.	8,423
1,281	Okra	Fruit	Food	Immature fruit - cooked on their own or added to soups etc. They can be used fresh or dried.	8,424
1,282	True Lavender	Extract (oil)	Medicinal	The essential oil is much more gentle in its action than most other essential oils and can be safely applied direct to the skin as an antiseptic to help heal wounds, burns etc. An essential oil obtained from the flowers is antihalitosis, powerfully antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, cholagogue, diuretic, nervine, sedative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. It is very useful in the treatment of burns, sunburn, scalds, bites, vaginal discharge, anal fissure etc, where it also soothes the affected part of the body and can prevent the formation of permanent scar tissue.	8,423
1,283	True Lavender	Flower	Beverages	The fresh or dried flowers are used as a tea.	8,423
1,284	Okra	Seed	Food	Seed - cooked or ground into a meal and used in making bread or made into 'tofu' or 'tempeh'.	8,424
1,285	Okra	Leaf	Food	The leaves, flower buds, flowers and calyces can be eaten cooked as greens.	8,424
1,286	Okra	Root	Medicinal	The roots are very rich in mucilage, having a strongly demulcent action. This mucilage can be used as a plasma replacement. An infusion of the roots is used in the treatment of syphilis. The juice of the roots is used externally in Nepal to treat cuts, wounds and boils.	8,424
1,287	Okra	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves furnish an emollient poultice. They are also used as an emollient, sudorific or antiscorbutic and to treat dysuria.	8,424
1,288	Okra	Fruit	Medicinal	A decoction of the immature fruits is demulcent, diuretic and emollient. It is used in the treatment of catarrhal infections, ardor urinae, dysuria and gonorrhoea. The fruit is crushed with the young leaves and then used to wash the hair and to treat dandruff.	8,424
1,289	Okra	Flower	Medicinal	An infusion of the flowers is used to treat phlegm in the mucous membranes of the chest.	8,424
1,290	Okra	Seed	Medicinal	The seeds are antispasmodic, cordial and stimulant. An infusion of the roasted seeds has sudorific properties.	8,424
1,291	Okra	Stem	Fibre	A fibre obtained from the stems is used as a substitute for jute. Strong and silky. It is also used in making paper and textiles.	8,424
1,292	Pigeon Pea	Seed	Food	Ripe seeds are eaten fried or boiled, often after being soaked first, or boiled into porridge.	8,426
1,293	Pigeon Pea	Forage (fresh)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Vegetative parts are excellent fodder and seeds are also used as animal feed.	8,426
1,294	Pigeon Pea	Whole	Environmental	Pigeon pea is useful in hedges and windbreaks on dry soils and in agroforestry. It is also grown as a shade crop, cover crop, or as support for vanilla. Pigeon pea improves the soil through its extensive root system, nitrogen fixation and the mulch provided by the fallen leaves.	8,426
1,295	Pigeon Pea	Leaf	Medicinal	Diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, measles, burns, eye infections, earache, sore throat, sore gums, toothache, anaemia, intestinal worms, dizziness and epilepsy are treated with leaf preparations.	8,426
1,296	Pigeon Pea	Root	Medicinal	Root preparations are taken to treat cough, stomach problems and syphilis.	8,426
1,297	Pigeon Pea	Stem	Medicinal	Stem ash is applied on wounds.	8,426
1,298	Pigeon Pea	Seed	Medicinal	Powdered seeds serve as a poultice on swellings.	8,426
1,299	Peria Pantai	Leaf	Industrial	Leaves of C. asiatica have the ability to produce foam in water and thus, have long been used as a substitute for soap in the rural areas in some countries.	8,427
1,300	Peria Pantai	Leaf	Medicinal	Leaves are used to alleviate inflammations and boils. In order to alleviate painful swellings, leaves are crushed and juice is rubbed on the affected body.	8,427
1,301	Peria Pantai	Stem	Medicinal	Young stems are cut into pieces and boiled in water, which is drunk to alleviate stomach disorders.	8,427
1,302	Peria Pantai	Seed	Medicinal	Medicinal oil is prepared from seeds along with other ingredients, which is used to treat rheumatism and numbness in adults and also in treating weak legs in children.	8,427
1,303	Pulasan	Fruit	Food	The flesh of ripe fruits is eaten raw or made into jam.	8,428
1,304	Pulasan	Seed	Beverages	Boiled or roasted seeds are used to prepare a cocoa-like beverage.	8,428
1,305	Pulasan	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves and roots are employed in poultices.	8,428
1,306	Pulasan	Root	Medicinal	The root decoction is administered as a febrifuge and vermifuge.	8,428
1,307	Proso Millet	Grain	Food	Seed - cooked as a whole grain or ground into a powder and used as a flour for making breads, pasta and fermented foods such as 'tempeh'.	8,429
1,308	Proso Millet	Grain	Medicinal	The seed is cooling and demulcent. The cooked seed is applied as a poultice for abscesses, sores etc whilst juice from chewed seeds is applied to children's sores.	8,429
1,309	Proso Millet	Root	Medicinal	A decoction of the root is used as an antidote to poisoning by Momordica spp, it is also used to treat haematuria in women and as a bath for skin eruptions.	8,429
1,310	Proso Millet	Grain	Industrial	A starch from the seed is a substitute for corn starch (Zea mays). It is used for sizing textiles.	8,429
1,311	Proso Millet	Leaf	Fibre	The leaves are a source of fibre used in paper making.	8,429
1,312	Pearl Millet	Seed	Food	Decorticated and pounded into flour it is consumed as a stiff porridge (‘tô’) or gruel in Africa, or as flat unleavened bread (‘chapatti’) in India. In Africa there are various other preparations such as couscous, rice-like products, snacks of blends with pulses, and fermented and non-fermented beverages.	8,430
1,313	Pearl Millet	Stem	Industrial	Split stems are used for basketry.	8,430
1,314	Pearl Millet	Grain	Medicinal	In African traditional medicine the grain has been applied to treat chest disorders, leprosy, blennorrhoea and poisonings, and the ground grain as an anthelmintic for children.	8,430
1,315	Pearl Millet	Root	Medicinal	A root decoction is drunk to treat jaundice.	8,430
1,316	Pearl Millet	Flower	Medicinal	The vapour of inflorescence extracts is inhaled for respiratory diseases in children.	8,430
1,317	Pearl Millet	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Outside Africa and India pearl millet is mostly grown as a green fodder crop for silage, hay making and grazing.	8,430
1,318	Pearl Millet	Whole	Environmental	Following the discovery that pearl millet can suppress root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans) it is increasingly being used as an alternative to soil fumigation in tobacco and potato cropping in Canada.	8,430
1,319	Soybean	Seed	Food	The seeds furnish one of the world's most important sources of oil and protein, they can be eaten as they are in soups, stews etc, though they are also very commonly used in the preparation of various meat substitutes. The dried seed can be ground into a flour and added to cereal flours or used for making noodles etc.	8,432
1,320	Soybean	Seed	Beverages	The seed is also used to make soya milk.	8,432
1,321	Soybean	Pod	Food	The young seedpods are cooked and used like French beans.	8,432
1,322	Soybean	Seed	Oil (Food)	An edible semi-drying oil is obtained from the seed. It is cooked or can be used as a dressing in salads etc and for manufacture of margarine and shortening.	8,432
1,323	Soybean	Leaf	Food	Young leaves - raw or cooked.	8,432
1,324	Soybean	Seed	Medicinal	The fermented seed is weakly diaphoretic and stomachic. It is used in the treatment of colds, fevers and headaches, insomnia, irritability and a stuffy sensation in the chest. Soybean is listed as a major starting material for stigmasterol, once known as an antistiffness factor. Sitosterol, also a soy by-product, has been used to replace diosgenin in some antihypertensive drugs.	8,432
1,325	Soybean	Leaf	Medicinal	The bruised leaves are applied to snakebite.	8,432
1,326	Soybean	Flower	Medicinal	The flowers are used in the treatment of blindness and opacity of the cornea.	8,432
1,327	Soybean	Stem	Medicinal	The ashes of the stems are applied to granular haemorrhoids or fungus growths on the anus.	8,432
1,328	Soybean	Pod	Medicinal	The immature seedpods are chewed to a pulp and applied to corneal and smallpox ulcers.	8,432
1,329	Soybean	Whole	Environmental	The plant is sometimes grown as a green manure.	8,432
1,330	Soybean	Seed	Industrial	The seed contains up to 20% of an edible semi-drying oil. The oil is used industrially in the manufacture of paints, linoleum, oilcloth, printing inks, soap, insecticides, and disinfectants.	8,432
1,331	Soybean	Plant Fiber	Fibre	The straw can be used to make paper, stiffer than that made from wheat straw.	8,432
1,332	Soybean	Seed	Oil (Fuel)	The oil from the seeds can be used as a diesel fuel.	8,432
1,333	Sorghum	Grain	Food	In the simplest food preparations, the whole grain is boiled (to produce a food resembling rice), roasted (usually at the dough stage), or popped (like maize). More often the grain is ground or pounded into flour, often after hulling. Sorghum flour is used to make thick or thin porridge, pancake, dumplings or couscous, opaque and cloudy beers and non-alcoholic fermented beverages.	8,433
1,334	Sorghum	Grain	Beverages	In Africa sorghum grain is germinated, dried and ground to form malt, which is used as a substratum for fermentation in local beer production.	8,433
1,335	Sorghum	Grain	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Sorghum grain is a significant component of cattle, pig and chicken feeds in the United States, Central and South America, Australia and China, and is becoming important in chicken feed in India.	8,433
1,336	Sorghum	Leaf	Industrial	Several non-edible sorghum cultivars are exclusively grown for the red dye present in the leaf sheaths and sometimes also in adjacent stem parts. In Africa this dye is used particularly for goat-skin leather (e.g. in Nigeria), but also for mats, textiles, strips of palm leaves and grasses used in basketry and weaving, ornamental calabashes, wool (e.g. in Sudan), as a body paint and to colour cheese and lickstones for cattle (e.g. in Benin).	8,433
1,337	Sorghum	Stem	Fibre	The stems can be used for the production of fibre board.	8,433
1,338	Sorghum	Seed	Medicinal	Seed extracts are drunk to treat hepatitis.	8,433
1,339	Sorghum	Stem	Medicinal	Decoctions of twigs with lemon against jaundice.	8,433
1,340	Sorghum	Leaf	Medicinal	Leaves and panicles are included in plant mixtures for decoctions against anaemia.	8,433
1,341	Swamp Cabbage	Leaf	Food	Leaves and young shoots - raw or cooked. The tasty leaves are produced all year round. The youngest shoot tips can be added to salads, older leaves are cooked and make a mild-flavoured spinach. The leaves can be stir-fried, steamed, and boiled..	8,434
1,342	Swamp Cabbage	Leaf	Medicinal	The young shoots are mildly laxative and are used by diabetic patients. A decoction of the leaves is used to treat coughs. The fried leaves are eaten to cool down a fever. The crushed leaves are applied as a poultice on sores and boils.	8,434
1,343	Swamp Cabbage	Root	Medicinal	The roots are laxative, tonic and antidote. They are used in the treatment of opium or arsenic poisoning, and also to counter the effects of drinking unhealthy water. A decoction of the roots is used as a wash against haemorrhoids.	8,434
1,344	Wall Germander	Whole	Beverages	The plant is widely used in making alcoholic drinks with a bitter base, which have digestive or appetite-promoting qualities	8,431
1,345	Wall Germander	Whole	Medicinal	Wall germander is a specific for the treatment of gout, it is also used for its diuretic properties, and as a treatment for weak stomachs and lack of appetite. It has also been taken as an aid to weight loss and is a common ingredient in tonic wines.	8,431
1,346	Teff	Grain	Food	Due to the small size of its grains, tef is almost always made into a whole-grain flour (bran and germ included), resulting in a high nutrient content. Tef flour is used as a thickening agent in a range of products, including soups, stews, gravies and puddings.	8,435
1,347	Wall Germander	Extract (oil)	Industrial	The plant contains 0.6% of an essential oil.	8,431
1,348	Teff	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Tef is grown as a forage grass, for instance in South Africa, Morocco, Australia, India and Pakistan.	8,435
1,349	Wall Germander	Whole	Ornamental	It is a very ornamental plant, making a good edging for the border and able to be lightly clipped. Wall germander was at one time widely cultivated as a medicinal plant, though it is seldom use at present.	8,431
1,350	Teff	Whole	Environmental	In South Africa it is planted for erosion control, often in mixtures with Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees or other grasses.	8,435
1,351	Winged Bean	Pod	Food	Young seedpods - cooked for a few minutes. The young pods can also be eaten raw in salads.	8,436
1,352	Winged Bean	Seed	Food	Immature seeds are used in soups etc. Mature seeds are eaten cooked. They are very nutritious, being rich in oil (up to 17%), protein, vitamin E and calcium. The seed can also be roasted and eaten like peanuts or fermented and used as tempeh.	8,436
1,353	Winged Bean	Seed	Oil (Food)	An edible oil is obtained from the seed. Similar to soya oil (from Glycine spp.).	8,436
1,354	Winged Bean	Root	Food	Root - raw or cooked like potatoes.	8,436
1,355	Winged Bean	Leaf	Food	Leaves and young shoots -raw or cooked. Young leaves can be used in salads, whilst older leaves are best cooked and used like spinach.	8,436
1,356	Winged Bean	Flower	Food	Flowers and flower buds - raw or cooked. A sweet flavour, they make a nice addition to salads. They can also be added towards the end of cooking to soups, stews, curries etc. The light blue flowers are also used as a colouring in foods.	8,436
1,357	Winged Bean	Whole	Environmental	A very good green manure with exceptional nitrogen-fixing properties, producing a greater weight of nodules per plant than any other member of the Fabaceae. It is used for soil improvement and restoration.	8,436
1,358	White Beech	Wood	Industrial	The heartwood is light grey-brown, the grain somewhat interlocked and soft. The wood is very durable and resistant to termites. It is easy to work, somewhat oily and hence difficult to glue, tends to rust nails and is very slow drying. It is excellent for templates, pattern making, carving and turnery. Also used for indoor joinery, flooring, cabinet and carriage work, planking of boat hulls, and in making food processing equipment.	8,437
1,359	White Beech	Whole	Ornamental	It is sometimes grown as an ornamental in parks and large gardens.	8,437
1,360	Betel Leaves	Leaf	Food	A mixture of betel leaves and other ingredients is used as a masticatory, which acts as a gentle stimulant and is taken after meals to sweeten the breath.	8,438
1,361	Betel Leaves	Leaf	Medicinal	Leaf preparations and the leaf sap are applied to wounds, ulcers, boils and bruises. Heated leaves are applied as a poultice on the chest against cough and asthma, on the breasts to stop milk secretion, and on the abdomen to relieve constipation. The leaves are also used to treat nosebleed, ulcerated noses, gums and mucous membranes while the extract from the leaves is applied for wounds in the ears and as an infusion for the eye. The essential oil obtained from the leaves has been used to treat affections of the mucous membrane of nose, throat and respiratory organs.	8,438
1,362	Bird's Eye Chilli	Fruit	Food	Fruit - raw or cooked. Very hot and normally used as a flavouring. The fruit can be dried and ground into a powder for use as a flavouring.	8,439
1,363	Bird's Eye Chilli	Seed	Food	Seed - dried, ground and used as a pepper.	8,439
1,364	Bird's Eye Chilli	Fruit	Medicinal	Used externally, the fruit is a strong rubefacient stimulating the circulation, aiding the removal of waste products and increasing the flow of nutrients to the tissues. It is applied as a cataplasm or liniment. It has also been powdered and placed inside socks as a traditional remedy for those prone to cold feet. A weak infusion can be used as a gargle to treat throat complaints.	8,439
1,365	White Dead-nettle	Leaf	Food	They can be added to salads or mixed with other leaves and cooked as a potherb. They can also be dried for later use. The leaves are a good source of vitamin A.	8,440
1,366	White Dead-nettle	Flower	Beverages	A pleasant herb tea is made from the flowers.	8,440
1,367	White Dead-nettle	Whole	Medicinal	White dead nettle is an astringent and demulcent herb that is chiefly used as a uterine tonic, to arrest inter-menstrual bleeding and to reduce excessive menstrual flow. It is a traditional treatment for abnormal vaginal discharge and is sometimes taken to relieve painful periods. A homeopathic remedy is made from the plant. It is used in the treatment of bladder and kidney disorders and amenorrhoea.	8,440
1,368	Wild Mint	Whole	Medicinal	Horsemint, like many other members of this genus, is often used as a domestic herbal remedy, being valued especially for its antiseptic properties and its beneficial effect on the digestion. Like other members of the genus, it is best not used by pregnant women because large doses can cause an abortion. The leaves and flowering stems are antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, carminative and stimulant.	8,441
1,369	Wild Mint	Leaf	Food	The leaves has peppermint-scented, they are used as a flavouring in salads, chutneys and cooked foods. An essential oil obtained from the leaves and flowering tops is used as a food flavouring in sweets etc. A peppermint-like taste. The leaves contain about 0.57% essential oil. It is sometimes used as a substitute for peppermint oil in confectionery.	8,441
1,370	Bitter Bean	Seed	Food	Fresh seeds, young or ripe, are eaten raw, cooked or roasted as a side-dish with rice.	8,442
1,371	Bitter Bean	Leaf	Food	Young leaves and the pear-shaped receptacle of the inflorescence can also be consumed raw as lalab, but they are not used to a great extent.	8,442
1,372	Bitter Bean	Seed	Medicinal	The seeds are also considered beneficial in treating liver disease (hepatalgia), oedema, inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis), diabetes, and as anthelmintic.	8,442
1,373	Bitter Bean	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are used against jaundice.	8,442
1,374	Bitter Bean	Bark	Industrial	The timber is fairly heavy but not very hard and durable; it can be used for boxes and cabinet work.	8,442
1,375	Wild Thyme	Whole	Industrial	In perfumery, oil of Serpolet ( so it’s commonly named) is chiefly used for soap. The flowering tops, macerated for 24 hours or so in salt and water, are made into a perfumed water. It is much picked for the extraction of its essential oil and when distilled, 100 kilos of dried material yield about 150 grams of essence (about 6 OZ.). The flowering tops, macerated for 24 hours or so in salt and water, are made into a perfumed water.	8,443
1,376	Wild Thyme	Leaf	Food	At times, the leaves are used as a condiment. They are also added in soups and vegetables (goes well with courgettes and mushrooms). It is a key ingredient of ‘bouquet garni’. This herb is great when used fresh, and goes well in many typical southern Italy pasta sauces which often feature peppers and eggplants.	8,443
1,377	Bitter Gourd	Fruit	Food	The immature fruit is soaked in salt water to remove a bitter flavour, and then cooked as a vegetable. They can also be used in curries and pickles.	8,444
1,378	Wild Thyme	Whole	Medicinal	This plant is used to cure bronchitis, flatulent indigestion, oral infections, catarrh, hangovers and colic. It is also applied to treat minor injuries and mouth, throat or gum infections. A poultice made with Thymus serpyllum is applied on the skin to relieve minor injuries and aches by creating moisture and heat. It has anthelmintic, antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, antispasmodic, antiseptic, carminative, diaphoretic, deodorant, disinfectant, sedative, and expectorant properties.	8,443
1,379	Bitter Gourd	Leaf	Food	Young shoots and leaves - cooked and used as a vegetable. A popular leafy vegetable that is considered very healthy.	8,444
1,380	Wild Thyme	Leaf	Beverages	An herbal tea is made from the leaves, which is useful for treating nervous problems, indigestion and headaches.	8,443
1,381	Bitter Gourd	Fruit	Beverages	Bitter gourd tea, made from dried fruit pieces, is a popular health drink in Japan and some other Asian countries.	8,444
1,382	Wild Thyme	Whole	Ornamental	This plant is quite popular among gardeners because of its colorful flowers and scent.	8,443
1,383	Bitter Gourd	Fruit	Medicinal	The ripe fruit is a stomach tonic and induces menstruation. The fresh juice of the fruit is taken internally in the treatment of colitis and dysentery. The unripe fruit is used traditionally to treat the symptoms of diabetes, particularly late-onset diabetes. The fruit is used to treat leprosy and malignant ulcers; to treat stomach worms, fever and phlegm; hypertension and dysentery. The fruit is used externally in the treatment of haemorrhoids, chapped skin and burns.	8,444
1,384	Bitter Gourd	Leaf	Medicinal	An infusion is used in the treatment of intestinal worms, jaundice, malaria and other fevers. A decoction of the leaves and stems is used to treat diabetes, high blood pressure and biliousness.	8,444
1,385	Bitter Gourd	Flower	Medicinal	A decoction of the flowers and leaves is used to treat hepatitis.	8,444
1,386	Winter Savory	Leaf	Food	A peppery flavour, they are used mainly as a flavouring for cooked foods, especially beans, and also as a garnish for salads etc. The leaves can be used fresh or dried.	8,445
1,387	Winter Savory	Leaf	Beverages	A herb tea is made from the fresh or dried leaves.	8,445
1,388	Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens	Leaf	Food	A peppery flavour that can range from mild to hot, this is one of the most highly prized cooked vegetables in the Orient. The leaves can also be eaten raw, when finely shredded they make a very acceptable addition to mixed salads.	8,446
1,389	Winter Savory	Whole	Medicinal	The whole herb, and especially the flowering shoots, is mildly antiseptic, aromatic, carminative, digestive, mildly expectorant and stomachic. Taken internally, it is said to be a sovereign remedy for colic and a cure for flatulence, whilst it is also used to treat gastro-enteritis, cystitis, nausea, diarrhoea, bronchial congestion, sore throat and menstrual disorders.	8,445
1,390	Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens	Flower	Food	Flowers and young flowering stems - raw or cooked.	8,446
1,391	Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens	Seed	Oil (Food)	An edible semi-drying oil is obtained from the seed.	8,446
1,392	Winter Savory	Extract (oil)	Industrial	An essential oil is obtained from the leaves. The essential oil forms an ingredient in lotions for the scalp in cases of incipient baldness.	8,445
1,393	Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens	Seed	Medicinal	The seed is used in the treatment of tumours in China. In Korea, the seeds are used in the treatment of abscesses, colds, lumbago, rheumatism, and stomach disorders.	8,446
1,394	Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens	Leaf	Medicinal	Leaves applied to the forehead are said to relieve headache. The Chinese eat the leaves in soups for bladder, inflammation or haemorrhage.	8,446
1,395	Winter Savory	Whole	Environmental	The growing plant repels insects.	8,445
1,396	Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens	Whole	Environmental	There is some evidence that if this plant is grown as a green manure. Brassica juncea has been found to have a high potential to remediate boron, selenium, cadmium, lead and zinc from polluted environments.	8,446
1,397	Kai Choy/Bitter Mustard Greens	Seed	Industrial	An oil is obtained from the seed. It can be used as hair oil and as lubricant..	8,446
1,398	Calabash	Fruit	Food	Immature fruit - cooked and used as a vegetable. They can be boiled, steamed, fried, used in curries or made into fritters.	8,448
1,399	Calabash	Leaf	Food	Leaves and young shoots - cooked and used as a potherb.	8,448
1,400	Calabash	Seed	Food	A vegetable curd, similar to tofu, can be made from the seed.	8,448
1,401	Calabash	Seed	Oil (Food)	An edible oil is obtained from the seed. It is used for cooking.	8,448
1,402	Calabash	Leaf	Medicinal	A poultice of the crushed leaves has been applied to the head to treat headaches.	8,448
1,403	Calabash	Flower	Medicinal	The flowers are an antidote to poison.	8,448
1,404	Calabash	Fruit	Medicinal	The juice of the fruit is used in the treatment of stomach acidity, indigestion and ulcers.	8,448
1,405	Calabash	Seed	Medicinal	A poultice of the boiled seeds has been used in the treatment of boils. Taken with Achyranthes spp the seed is used to treat aching teeth and gums, boils etc.	8,448
1,406	Calabash	Fruit	Industrial	The shell of well-ripened fruits is very hard and can be used for many purposes such as bottles, bowls, musical instruments etc.	8,448
1,407	Cat's Eye Fruit/Green Longan	Fruit	Food	It is delicious eaten raw and can also be dried, preserved in syrup, cooked in sweet and sour dishes or in soups.	8,449
1,408	Cat's Eye Fruit/Green Longan	Fruit	Medicinal	The flesh of the fruit is administered as a stomachic, febrifuge and vermifuge, and is regarded as an antidote for poison. A decoction of the dried flesh is taken as a tonic and treatment for insomnia and neurasthenic neurosis.	8,449
1,409	Cat's Eye Fruit/Green Longan	Seed	Medicinal	The seeds are administered to counteract heavy sweating and the pulverized kernel, which contains saponin, tannin and fat, serves as a styptic.	8,449
1,410	Cat's Eye Fruit/Green Longan	Seed	Industrial	The seeds, because of their saponin content, are used like soapberries (Sapindus saponaria L.) for shampooing the hair.	8,449
1,411	Cat's Eye Fruit/Green Longan	Bark	Industrial	It is used for posts, agricultural implements, furniture, construction, shuttle pipes, bearings, textile weaving stands and rifle butts.	8,449
1,412	Red Chilli	Fruit	Food	Capsicum fruits are consumed in fresh, dried or processed form. Hot pepper is processed into ketchup or spice mixtures for flavouring all kinds of food. Hot peppers are extensively pickled in salt and vinegar.	8,450
1,413	Red Chilli	Fruit	Industrial	The red pigment extracted from ripe fruits is used as a natural colouring agent for food and cosmetics.	8,450
1,414	Red Chilli	Leaf	Food	In some regions shoot tips and young leaves are eaten as a vegetable.	8,450
1,415	Red Chilli	Fruit	Medicinal	Pungent peppers cause strong salivation, aid digestion and are laxative. It is also recommended for people suffering from amoeba infection and intestinal worms. In pure or processed form it is applied externally as a rubefacient and analgesic in cases of back-pain, rheumatism, articular and muscular pains and swollen feet, and antidote in cases of poisoning.	8,450
1,416	Red Chilli	Fruit	Medicinal	Pungent peppers cause strong salivation, aid digestion and are laxative. It is also recommended for people suffering from amoeba infection and intestinal worms. In pure or processed form it is applied externally as a rubefacient and analgesic in cases of back-pain, rheumatism, articular and muscular pains and swollen feet, and antidote in cases of poisoning.	8,450
1,417	Red Chilli	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are used as a dressing for wounds and sores, and the leaf sap is squeezed into the eyes against headache. The leaves are prepared as a potion to treat coughs and heart-pain.	8,450
1,418	Red Chilli	Whole	Ornamental	Especially in Western countries bushy erect capsicum types with many small red or yellow fruits are popular as ornamental potplants.	8,450
1,419	Cocoa	Seed	Food	The dried, fermented and roasted seeds of this plant, called cacao beans, are the source of cocoa, chocolate and cocoa butter. These are widely used in the confectionery industry to made chocolate confections, cakes, ice cream, drinks etc.	8,451
1,420	Cocoa	Fruit	Food	The fruit contains about 20 - 40 seeds surrounded by a thin, succulent pulp with a slightly sweet flavour. This pulp is sucked as a sweet snack. It can be made into juices and jellies.	8,451
1,421	Cocoa	Seed	Medicinal	The seed contains a range of medically active constituents including xanthines, a fixed oil and endorphins. It is a bitter, stimulant, diuretic herb that stimulates the nervous system, lowers blood pressure and dilates the coronary arteries. Cacao powder and butter are nutritive, the latter also soothes and softens damaged skin.	8,451
1,422	Cocoa	Leaf	Medicinal	An infusion of the leaf buds is used with incense to treat diarrhoea.	8,451
1,423	Cocoa	Pod	Medicinal	An infusion of the dry pods is used to decrease leprosy spots.	8,451
1,424	Cocoa	Seed	Industrial	Cocoa-bean fat from unfermented cocoa beans can be extracted and used in soap making. Cacao butter, obtained from the seeds, is used in skin creams, cosmetics and as a suppository base.	8,451
1,425	Chinese Potato	Tuber	Food	The aromatic tubers are eaten as a delicacy, cooked or steamed, often with rice, but sometimes raw. Young tubers (white) are often used in soups or in vegetable dishes.	8,447
1,426	Cucumber	Fruit	Food	Fruit - raw or cooked. The cucumber is a common ingredient of salads, being valued mainly for its crisp texture and juiciness.	8,452
1,427	Chinese Potato	Leaf	Food	Cooked leaves are eaten as a vegetable.	8,447
1,428	Cucumber	Leaf	Food	Young leaves and stems - raw or cooked as a potherb.	8,452
1,429	Cucumber	Seed	Oil (Food)	Oil from seed. Said to resemble olive oil, it is used in salad dressings and French cooking.	8,452
1,430	Cucumber	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaf juice is emetic, it is used to treat dyspepsia in children.	8,452
1,431	Cucumber	Fruit	Medicinal	The fresh fruit is used internally in the treatment of blemished skin, heat rash etc, whilst it is used externally as a poultice for burns, sores etc and also as a cosmetic for softening the skin.	8,452
1,432	Cucumber	Seed	Medicinal	The seed is cooling, diuretic, tonic and vermifuge.	8,452
1,433	Cucumber	Fruit	Industrial	The fruit is applied to the skin as a cleansing cosmetic to soften and whiten it. The juice is used in many beauty products.	8,452
1,434	Curry Leaf	Whole	Medicinal	A decoction of the leaves, bark and roots is taken throughout Asia as a febrifuge, tonic, stimulant and a stomachic, but also to treat diarrhoea and dysentery and inflammation of the gums. The crushed bark and roots are used externally to treat skin eruptions and bites of poisonous animals. The fresh leaves are eaten to treat dysentery, and a leaf infusion is drunk to stop vomiting.	8,454
1,435	Curry Leaf	Leaf	Food	The fresh or fried leaves are commonly used in flavouring vegetables and curry.	8,454
1,436	Curry Leaf	Leaf	Industrial	The essential oil (curry leaf oil), obtained from the leaves by distillation, is used in the production of soap.	8,454
1,437	Curry Leaf	Whole	Ornamental	Murraya koenigii is of aesthetic value due to its compound leaves and is therefore planted as a hedge and as an ornamental shrub.	8,454
1,438	Hoary Basil	Leaf	Food	O. americanum, being mild in flavour, is extensively cultivated in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand for the young leaves, which are eaten raw as a vegetable side-dish. The fragrant leaves are also added to various dishes with a fishy or disagreeable smell	8,453
1,439	Hoary Basil	Leaf	Food	In traditional medicine, hoary basil is used for several ailments. Decoctions are used for coughs, pounded leaves are placed on the forehead to relieve catarrh or on the chest for respiratory problems, the whole plant is used in baths to treat rheumatism, renal colic and calcifications. More recently, the plant has been listed as a potential medicine against cancer.	8,453
1,440	Hoary Basil	Extract (oil)	Industrial	The essential oil of O. americanum is used in soap and cosmetics. It has been reported to exhibit fungitoxic properties (without phytotoxic side-effects).	8,453
1,441	Jering	Seed	Food	Young seeds are often eaten raw. Generally the young seeds are believed to have a better flavour than older ones, though some people prefer to eat germinating mature seeds.	8,455
1,442	Jering	Leaf	Food	Young leaves - cooked. The very young wine-red shoots are consumed raw as a vegetable.	8,455
1,443	Jering	Flower	Food	Eaten as a vegetable.	8,455
1,444	Jering	Seed	Medicinal	The seed is said to be good for relieving the symptoms of diabetes.	8,455
1,445	Jering	Leaf	Medicinal	The old leaves, burnt to ashes, are used against itching. The ashes of young leaves are used as wound powder for cuts.	8,455
1,446	Jering	Pod	Industrial	The pods have been used as a source of purple dye for silk. The pods are used as a shampoo.	8,455
1,447	Jering	Bark	Industrial	The bark and leaves are used for dyeing matting black. To obtain this colour the mat is boiled with extract from the bark and then immersed in mud.	8,455
1,448	Jering	Seed	Industrial	A reddish dye is obtained from the seeds.	8,455
1,449	Holy Basil	Leaf	Food	Used in salads, they can also be cooked as a potherb or used as a flavouring in a variety of dishes. The leaves are sweetly spicy, with a sharp, pronounced clove scent and pungency.	8,456
1,450	Holy Basil	Leaf	Beverages	A refreshing tea can be made from the leaves.	8,456
1,451	Holy Basil	Leaf	Beverages	The plant is used internally in the treatment of feverish illnesses (especially in children), colds, influenza, sinusitis, headaches, rheumatism, arthritis, digestive disorders, including abdominal distension and cramps; low libido and negativity. The herb is used externally as an antiseptic to treat skin infections, spots etc. A pungently aromatic, warming, antiseptic herb; it induces perspiration; lowers fevers; relaxes spasms; eases pain; clears bacterial infections; strengthens the immune and nervous systems; reduces inflammations; and benefits the digestive system.	8,456
1,452	Holy Basil	Extract (oil)	Medicinal	The essential oils from the leaf have shown antibacterial and antifungal activity. They contain methylchaviol, eugenol and other volatile, commercial oils.	8,456
1,453	Dokong	Fruit	Food	The fruit is practically always eaten fresh out of hand, but seedless fruit may be bottled in syrup.	8,457
1,454	Dokong	Bark	Industrial	The light-brown wood is tough and durable and used for house posts, tool handles, etc.	8,457
1,455	Holy Basil	Extract (oil)	Environmental	The leaf extract is effective as a mosquito repellent and in checking the spread of the fungal pathogens Pyricularia oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani, which cause blast disease and sheath blight disease of rice, with antibacterial activity and deterrent effects against the larvae of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita).	8,456
1,456	Dokong	Fruit	Medicinal	The peel is also used against diarrhoea because it contains oleoresin.	8,457
1,457	Dokong	Seed	Medicinal	Crushed seeds used by the indigenous people of Malaysia to cure fevers.	8,457
1,458	Dokong	Bark	Medicinal	The astringent bark which is applied against dysentery and malaria; powdered bark is used in poultices against scorpion stings.	8,457
1,459	Long Purple Eggplant	Fruit	Food	The fruit can be eaten fresh or after rehydration of dried slices. Most often the fruits are eaten grilled, fried or steamed, or stewed with other vegetables, meat or fish, or roasted, braised in ashes and seasoned with garlic, onion, spices, sugar, oil, soybean sauce etc.	8,458
1,460	Long Purple Eggplant	Whole	Medicinal	Eggplant is also widely used for medicinal purposes. Various plant parts are used in decoction, as powder or ash for curing ailments such as diabetes, cholera, bronchitis, dysuria, dysentery, otitis, toothache, skin infections, asthenia and haemorrhoids.	8,458
1,461	Fig Plant	Fruit	Food	The fig fruit is consumed fresh or dried. Both fresh female and male figs are processed as jam or candied. Fig paste is prepared by grinding dried fruits.	8,459
1,462	Fig Plant	Fruit	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Low quality cull figs are used as high-energy animal feed.	8,459
1,463	Fig Plant	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Immediately after leaf fall, fig leaves can also be used to feed animals.	8,459
1,464	Fig Plant	Leaf	Medicinal	Leaves have medicinal properties due to their bergaptene and psoralene content.	8,459
1,465	Fig Plant	Fruit	Industrial	Fig fruits are known to have laxative properties. Latex, possessing the proteolytic enzyme ficin, is used as meat tenderizer. Fig latex has also been tested as an alternative to rubber.	8,459
1,466	Fig Plant	Bark	Industrial	The wood of F. carica is used for light construction, industrial, and domestic woodware, as well as for making tool handles.	8,459
1,467	Wild Ginger	Leaf	Food	The young leaves can be eaten raw, steamed, in curries or cooked with chilli paste and used as a side dish with rice.	8,463
1,468	Wild Ginger	Rhizome	Food	The tender young rhizomes are aromatic, They can be eaten raw, steamed, in curries or cooked with chilli paste and used as a side dish with rice. The rhizomes can also be used as a condiment and, when dried, have been used as a substitute for turmeric in curry powder.	8,463
1,469	Wild Ginger	Root	Medicinal	The root is used internally to treat colds, bronchial complaints, dyspepsia and other gastric complaints, and headaches. It is chewed to treat sore throats and coughs. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of high blood pressure and asthma. The roots are an ingredient of a post partum medicine. Externally, the root is applied as a poultice to wounds, swellings and ulcers, and is also used to treat dandruff and rheumatic joints. It is used as a gargle for sore throats.	8,463
1,470	Wild Ginger	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are chewed to treat coughs and sore throat.	8,463
1,471	Wild Ginger	Root	Industrial	The aromatic, powdered root is added to body powders and cosmetics.	8,463
1,472	Summer Savory	Leaf	Food	Summer savory, either fresh or dried, is mainly used for flavouring. For the fresh product, all aerial plant parts are used, but for the dried herb, only leaves and flowering tips. The best class of commercial summer savory consists of dried leaves only.	8,464
1,473	Summer Savory	Whole	Industrial	Summer savory contains an essential oil with a sharp and bitter flavour. At low concentrations only it is reminiscent of the herb itself. The oil is used in the food industry to flavour processed foods, and in the liqueur and perfume industries.	8,464
1,474	Summer Savory	Whole	Medicinal	Summer savory is used in traditional medicine as a carminative, expectorant, astringent and tonic in the treatment of gastro-intestinal disorders (cramps, nausea, indigestion, diarrhoea), and sore throat, generally in the form of a tea. It has also been used as an aphrodisiac. Fresh summer savory is rubbed on the skin to treat insect bites, e.g. bee stings.	8,464
1,475	Clary Sage	Leaf	Food	The leaves are used mainly as a flavouring in cooked foods. The leaves can be dipped in batter and cooked to make delicious fritters.	8,465
1,476	Clary Sage	Whole	Medicinal	An antispasmodic and aromatic plant, it is used mainly to treat digestive problems such as wind and indigestion. It is also regarded as a tonic, calming herb that helps relieve period pain and pre-menstrual problems. The whole plant, and especially the leaves, is antispasmodic, appetizer, aromatic, astringent, balsamic, carminative, pectoral and tonic.	8,465
1,477	Indian Borage	Leaf	Food	Occasionally used as a potherb. They are more commonly used as a flavouring in recipes that call for mixed herbs or oregano, and to spice dishes containing tomato sauces. A very strong, aromatic flavour, so it should be used sparingly.	8,466
1,478	Indian Borage	Leaf	Beverages	A tea can be made from the leaves.	8,466
1,479	Indian Borage	Whole	Medicinal	The antibacterial and antiseptic properties of the plant have been attributed to the presence of a number of compounds in the plant, including carvacrol, codeine, flavones, phenols, tannins and aromatic acids. The plant has been shown to have antimicrobial activity, and is reported to have antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus-1, and anti-HIV inhibition activity.	8,466
1,480	Indian Borage	Extract (oil)	Industrial	The essential oil obtained from the leaves and stems is used as a skin conditioner in commercial cosmetic preparations.	8,466
1,481	Livingstone Potato	Tuber	Food	The tuber is rich in starch. Boiled or roasted and eaten like sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas). The tubers can be dried and stored for winter use.	8,467
1,482	Livingstone Potato	Whole	Food	A traditional treatment in India, the herb is used to treat a wide range of digestive problems including, wind, bloating and abdominal discomfort. It has an antispasmodic action, making it valuable in the treatment of respiratory complaints, including asthma and bronchitis. It is used as a remedy for headaches and is also said to be anthelmintic.	8,467
1,483	Pandan Wangi	Leaf	Food	Throughout South-East Asia, they are used fresh in cooking to impart flavour and colour (chlorophyll) to rice, sweets, jellies and many other food products.	8,469
1,484	Pandan Wangi	Leaf	Industrial	Freshly chopped leaves are mixed with the petals of various flowers to make potpourris. Leaves can be woven into small baskets.	8,469
1,485	Pandan Wangi	Whole	Ornamental	Fragrant pandan has definite potential as an ornamental plant, in the garden as well as for interior decoration.	8,469
1,486	Pandan Wangi	Leaf	Medicinal	Infusions of the leaves are used internally and externally as a sedative against restlessness. In Thailand it is a traditional medicine to treat diabetes. Powdered pandan leaves may be used against Callosobruchus chinensis infestation of mung-bean seeds.	8,469
1,487	Galangal	Rhizome	Food	The slightly pungent rhizomes are used fresh or dried as a flavouring in a variety of dishes such as curries and soups. They are often used to replace ginger in recipes.	8,471
1,488	Galangal	Root	Oil (Food)	An essential oil obtained from the root is used to flavour liqueurs such as Chartreuse and Angostura, as well as soft drinks.	8,471
1,489	Self-heal	Leaf	Food	They can be used in salads, soups, stews etc. Somewhat bitter due to the presence of tannin in the leaves, though this can be removed by washing the leaves.	8,468
1,490	Galangal	Flower	Food	The flowers and young shoots can be eaten raw, steamed as a vegetable, or used as a spice. The flowers and flower buds are eaten raw, they can also be steamed, pickled, added to soups, mixed with chilli paste etc.	8,471
1,491	Self-heal	Leaf	Beverages	A cold water infusion of the freshly chopped or dried and powdered leaves is used as a refreshing beverage.	8,468
1,492	Galangal	Fruit	Food	The red fruits are edible. They are used locally as a substitute for cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum).	8,471
1,493	Galangal	Rhizome	Medicinal	The rhizome has a wide range of applications in traditional medicine. It is especially valued for its stimulating effect upon the digestive system, being used to treat conditions such as indigestion, colic and dysentery, whilst it is also used in the treatment of skin diseases, enlarged spleen, respiratory diseases, cancers of mouth and stomach, for treatment of systemic infections, cholera, and after childbirth. It is aphrodisiac, aromatic, bitter, digestive, expectorant, pungent herb that stimulates the digestive system.	8,471
1,494	Self-heal	Whole	Medicinal	Self heal has a long history of folk use, especially in the treatment of wounds, ulcers, sores etc. It was also taken internally as a tea in the treatment of fevers, diarrhoea, sore mouth, internal bleeding etc. In Korea it is used to treat oedema, nephritis, scrofula and goitre.	8,468
1,495	Quinoa	Leaf	Food	The young leaves are cooked like spinach. It is best not to eat large quantities of the raw leaves due it's toxicity.	2,088
1,496	Job's Tear	Grain	Food	The grain can be substituted for rice in all foodstuffs. The grain can also be roasted before husking and then used in porridge, cakes, soups and other foods or in the preparation of sweets.	8,486
1,497	Job's Tear	Grain	Beverages	Both alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks are prepared from it. A beer made from the pounded grain is popular among Indian hill tribes and in the Philippines.	8,486
1,498	Job's Tear	Grain	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The whole grain and the bran are fed to poultry and the flour can replace maize flour in poultry feed. Job’s tears is often given as a fodder, especially for cattle and horses.	8,486
1,499	Job's Tear	Grain	Medicinal	The grain and flour of Job’s tears are easily digestible and given to people in weak condition. They are believed to have medicinal value with diuretic, depurative, anti-inflammatory and antitumour activity.	8,486
1,500	Job's Tear	Leaf	Medicinal	A decoction of the leaves is drunk against headache, rheumatism and diabetes.	8,486
1,501	Job's Tear	Stem	Medicinal	Sap of the stem is applied against insect bites.	8,486
1,502	Job's Tear	Root	Medicinal	A decoction of the roots is used as a vermifuge and to treat dysentery, gonorrhoea and menstrual disorders.	8,486
1,503	Job's Tear	Fruit	Industrial	Almost everywhere where Job’s tears grows, the decorative, hard-shelled false fruits of the wild types are used as beads for necklaces, rosaries, rattles, curtains etc.	8,486
1,504	Job's Tear	Flower	Industrial	The whole inflorescence is sometimes used in dried flower arrangements.	8,486
1,505	Gemsbok Bean (Tylosema esculentum)	Seed	Food	The seeds are eaten boiled or roasted. They may be boiled with maize meal or ground into flour to prepare a porridge or a coffee- or cocoa-like drink.	8,487
1,506	Gemsbok Bean (Tylosema esculentum)	Seed	Oil (Food)	The seed oil is used in Botswana for cooking and for making butter.	8,487
1,507	Gemsbok Bean (Tylosema esculentum)	Tuber	Oil (Food)	Young tubers are eaten baked, boiled or roasted, as a vegetable dish. Tubers older than 2 years become fibrous and bitter and are usually not eaten, but they are an important emergency source of water for humans and animals.	8,487
1,508	Gemsbok Bean (Tylosema esculentum)	Pod	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The pods and tubers are recorded to be eaten by animals.	8,487
1,509	Gemsbok Bean (Tylosema esculentum)	Pod	Ornamental	Marama bean may have potential as a ground cover or ornamental.	8,487
1,510	Niger Seed	Seed	Food	The seed is eaten fried, used as a condiment or dried then ground into a powder and mixed with flour etc to make sweet cakes.	5,707
1,511	Niger Seed	Seed	Oil (Food)	The seeds yield about 30% of a clear, excellent, slow-drying edible oil. It is used as a substitute for olive oil, can be mixed with linseed oil, and is used as an adulterant for rape oil, sesame oil etc.	5,707
1,512	Niger Seed	Seed	Medicinal	The oil from the seeds is used in the treatment of rheumatism. It is also applied to treat burns. A paste of the seeds is applied as a poultice in the treatment of scabies.	5,707
1,513	Fonio	Forage (dry)	Industrial	The straw is also used as fuel for cooking or to produce ash for potash.	8,488
1,514	Jicama Yam Bean	Root	Food	Edible root - raw or cooked. Crisp, sweet and juicy, it tastes somewhat like an apple when raw and a water chestnut when cooked. It also stays crisp after being cooked, which makes it a popular substitute for water chestnuts in Chinese cooking. A starch extracted from the root is used in custards and puddings.	5,575
1,515	Jicama Yam Bean	Pod	Food	Young seedpods - cooked and used as a vegetable. They must be thoroughly cooked in order to destroy the poisonous principle rotenone.	5,575
1,516	Malabar Spinach	Root	Medicinal	The roots are astringent. They are cooked and used in the treatment of diarrhoea. A paste of the root is applied to swellings and is also used as a rubefacient.	6,481
1,517	Malabar Spinach	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves and stems are cooked and eaten for their laxative properties. The leaf juice is a demulcent, used in cases of dysentery. It is also diuretic, febrifuge and laxative. The leaf juice is used in Nepal to treat catarrh. A paste of the leaves is applied externally to treat boils and sores.	6,481
1,518	Malabar Spinach	Flower	Medicinal	The flowers are used as an antidote to poisons.	6,481
1,519	Malabar Spinach	Fruit	Medicinal	The red juice of the fruit is used as eye drops to treat conjunctivitis.	6,481
1,520	Malabar Spinach	Fruit	Industrial	A red dye is obtained from the juice of the fruits. It has been used as a rouge, an ink, for colouring foods and also as a dye for official seals.	6,481
1,521	Chayote	Whole	Food	Its immature fruits, young leaves and shoots, and tuberous roots are all consumed.	2,689
1,522	Chayote	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Fruits, shoots and tubers are also used as fodder and forage for pigs, poultry and cattle.	2,689
1,523	Chayote	Stem	Fibre	Fibres of the stem are used locally to make hats and baskets.	2,689
1,524	Malabar Spinach (Basella rubra)	Leaf	Food	Ceylon spinach is listed as food plant of the Philippine, where it is boiled and eaten like spinach.	6,349
1,525	Malabar Spinach (Basella rubra)	Leaf	Medicinal	The purpled leaves are used in both India and Malaya to poultice sore.	6,349
1,526	Machurian Wild Rice	Grain	Food	Grains of Z. latifolia have been used for food, sometimes in the form of flour.	8,496
1,527	Machurian Wild Rice	Rhizome	Medicinal	The culms, rhizomes and grains are prescribed during fevers for their cooling, diuretic, and thirst-relieving properties. The ash of the rhizomes mixed with white of egg is an ointment for burns.	8,496
1,528	African Rice	Grain	Food	In parts of West Africa the grain of African rice is a staple food.	8,498
1,529	African Rice	Grain	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The finer parts of the bran and broken grains are given as feed to chicken and other livestock.	8,498
1,530	Quinoa	Grain	Food	Quinoa grain can be cooked (boiled) in the same manner as rice and provides a tasty, fluffy, chewy food with nutlike flavour. It can be added to soups, stews or "tamales". Quinoa grain can be used as a breakfast cereal or it can be ground to make porridge or flour and is then used in bakery to make, breads, pancakes, pastries and biscuits. It can partially replace wheat in loaf breads. Being gluten-free, quinoa grain is included in many food recipes intended for people with celiac disease (gluten intolerance) and is well accepted by consumers.	2,039
1,531	Taro (Cocoyam)	Tuber	Food	They can be boiled, baked, fried etc in much the same way as potatoes. They can be used in savoury dishes such as soups and curries, or in sweet dishes with coconut milk, sugar etc. They can also be dried and then grated to make a flour.	2,382
1,532	Quinoa	Whole	Medicinal	The leaves, stems and grain have medicinal uses.	2,039
1,533	Quinoa	Forage (fresh)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Leaves, seeds and crop residues from grain harvesting and milling can be fed to livestock.	2,039
1,534	Black Nightshade	Leaf	Medicinal	The plants are used as an emollient and analgesic to treat itch, burns and neuralgic pains, and are also considered to be expectorant and laxative. The leaves are said to have sedative and healing properties and are applied to cuts, ulcers, wounds, inflammations and skin diseases. An extract of the leaves and stem is used for treating dropsy, heart diseases, piles, gonorrhoea, fevers, eye diseases and chronic enlargement of liver and spleen.	8,500
1,535	Blue Clitoria	Pod	Food	The young pods are eaten as a vegetable.	8,501
1,536	Blue Clitoria	Flower	Food	The flowers are used to give a blue tinge to rice cakes and boiled rice.	8,501
1,537	Blue Clitoria	Leaf	Food	Young leaves are cooked and used as a vegetable.	8,501
1,538	Blue Clitoria	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Butterfly pea has a reputation as a potential fodder plant, hay or cover crop.	8,501
1,539	Blue Clitoria	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Butterfly pea has a reputation as a potential fodder plant, hay or cover crop.	8,501
1,540	Blue Clitoria	Whole	Medicinal	The plant is used in the treatment of snakebites.	8,501
1,541	Blue Clitoria	Flower	Medicinal	The flowers are mixed with water in a preparation used to treat eye problems.	8,501
1,542	Blue Clitoria	Root	Medicinal	The roots are bitter, powerfully cathartic, diuretic and purgative.	8,501
1,543	Celosia	Leaf	Food	Celosia is primarily used as a leafy vegetable. The leaves and tender stems are cooked into soups, sauces or stews with various ingredients. Celosia leaves are tender and break down easily when cooked only briefly. The young inflorescences are also eaten as a potherb.	8,504
1,544	Celosia	Whole	Medicinal	The whole plant is used as an antidote for snakebites and the roots to treat colic, gonorrhoea and eczema.	8,504
1,545	Celosia	Leaf	Medicinal	In China, the leaves are used as medicine in the treatment of infected sores, wounds and skin eruptions.	8,504
1,546	Celosia	Seed	Medicinal	The seeds are used as medicine for diarrhoea, and in Ethiopia the flowers to treat dysentery and muscle troubles. in China and Japan seed extracts have traditionally been used as a therapeutic drug for eye and hepatic diseases.	8,504
1,547	Celosia	Whole	Ornamental	Forms with fasciated, yellow to red inflorescences are widely grown as a bedding plant in gardens and also used as cut flowers.	8,504
1,548	Celosia	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Celosia can also be used as a livestock feed.	8,504
1,549	Love-Lies-Bleeding	Whole	Ornamental	Amaranthus caudatus is widely grown as an ornamental.	2,062
1,550	Love-Lies-Bleeding	Seed	Food	Amaranthus caudatus seeds are toasted and popped, ground into flour or boiled for gruel. For making leavened foods, they must be blended with wheat.	2,062
1,551	Purple Amaranth	Grain	Food	Amaranthus cruentus was domesticated as a pseudo-cereal (grain amaranth) in Central America. Amaranthus cruentus with yellowish white or pale brown seed, is traditionally grown as a cereal crop in Latin America (e.g. Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Colombia). Since colonial times, it has been successfully introduced as a pseudo-cereal in India and Nepal, in mountain areas as well as at lower elevation, and it has become well established as a popular food plant.	2,038
1,552	Purple Amaranth	Flower	Industrial	A red dye can be obtained from the inflorescences.	2,038
1,553	Black Mulberry	Fruit	Food	Eaten raw, cooked or used in preserves	8,548
1,554	Black Mulberry	Leaf	Medicinal	Antibacterial, astringent, diaphoretic, hypoglycaemic, odontalgic and ophthalmic. They are taken internally in the treatment of colds, influenza, eye infections and nosebleeds.	8,548
1,555	Black Mulberry	Stem	Medicinal	Antirheumatic, diuretic, hypotensive and pectoral. A tincture of the bark is used to relieve toothache	8,548
1,556	Black Mulberry	Bark	Medicinal	Antitussive, diuretic, expectorant and hypotensive. It is used internally in the treatment of asthma, coughs, bronchitis, oedema, hypertension and diabetes.	8,548
1,557	Black Mulberry	Bark	Medicinal	Anthelmintic and purgative, it is used to expel tape worms	8,548
1,558	Black Mulberry	Fruit	Medicinal	Has s tonic effect on kidney energy. It is used in the treatment of urinary incontinence, tinnitus, premature greying of the hair and constipation in the elderly. Its main use in herbal medicine is as a colouring and flavouring in other medicines	8,548
1,559	Black Mulberry	Leaf	Medicinal	A homeopathic remedy is made from the leaves. It is used in the treatment of diabetes	8,548
1,560	Black Mulberry	Whole	Environmental	planted for a windbreak	8,548
1,561	Black Mulberry	Whole	Ornamental	As an ornamental and living fence	8,548
1,562	Black Mulberry	Wood	Industrial	The wood is used for fuel and used in joinery.	8,548
1,563	Star Gooseberry	Leaf	Food	Eaten raw or cooked	8,518
1,564	Star Gooseberry	Fruit	Food	Ripe fruits can be made into sweetmeats	8,518
1,565	Star Gooseberry	Leaf	Industrial	A green dye, obtained from the leaves, is used for food dyeing	8,518
1,566	Star Gooseberry	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are used as a medicine for coughs and to soothe the lungs, as a tonic, and as a febrifugal to relieve internal fever	8,518
1,567	Star Gooseberry	Whole	Environmental	They are commonly grown as a living fence or to shade vegetable cultures	8,518
1,568	Star Gooseberry	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are used as a medicine for coughs and to soothe the lungs, as a tonic, and as a febrifugal to relieve internal fever	8,518
1,569	Marrow	Fruit	Food	Eaten cooked	5,680
1,570	Marrow	Fruit	Medicinal	The fruit pulp is used as a decoction to relieve intestinal inflammation	8,553
1,571	Marrow	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are applied externally to burns	8,553
1,572	Marrow	Seed	Medicinal	Treat hypertrophy of the prostate	8,553
1,573	Marrow	Seed	Medicinal	The complete seed, together with the husk, is used to remove tapeworms	8,553
1,574	Marrow	Leaves and petioles	Food	Cooked as a potherb	8,553
1,575	Marrow	Seed	Food	Seed can also be ground into a powder and mixed with cereals for making bread	8,553
1,576	Marrow	Seed	Food	Eaten raw or cooked	8,553
1,577	Cabbage-tree	Leaf	Food	Raw or cooked and eaten as a vegetable	8,532
1,578	Cabbage-tree	Flower	Food	Cooked and eaten as a vegetable	8,532
1,579	Cabbage-tree	Bark	Medicinal	Chewed as a treatment against coughs, and is also used to make fortifying soups[	8,532
1,580	Cabbage-tree	Leaf	Medicinal	Used as a remedy against leprosy. They are also used to treat hypertension, retained placenta, asthma, colds, as an anthelmintic, to induce vomiting and to promote wound healing. The leaves of certain trees of this species are renowned for their effectiveness against diarrhoea.	8,532
1,581	Cabbage-tree	Root	Medicinal	The smoke of burning roots is used as a treatment for epilepsy. The smoke is said to be inhaled by women in Sudan during a difficult labour	8,532
1,582	Cabbage-tree	Leaf	Medicinal	Used as a cure for malaria, stomach problems and diabetes	8,532
1,583	Cabbage-tree	Root	Medicinal	Used as a cure for malaria, stomach problems and diabetes	8,532
1,584	Cabbage-tree	Whole	Environmental	Used as a living fence	8,532
1,585	Smooth Loofah	Fruit	Industrial	The dry fruit of can be used as a sponge	8,350
1,586	Smooth Loofah	Fruit	Food	Young green fruits can be boiled and eaten as a vegetable.	8,350
1,587	Vegetable Fern	Leaf	Food	A decoction of the leaves is used as a tonic for women after they have given birth	8,544
1,588	Vegetable Fern	Leaves and petioles	Food	The very young leaves are eaten as lalab (a vegetable salad served with sambal) with rice. The young fronds are boiled and used as a vegetable	8,544
1,589	Potherb Fameflower	Leaf	Food	Eaten raw in salads or cooked	8,543
1,590	Potherb Fameflower	Flower	Food	Eaten raw in salads or cooked	8,543
1,591	Potherb Fameflower	Root	Medicinal	A tonic is made from the fleshy root	8,543
1,592	Bitter Gourd	Fruit	Industrial	NULL	8,444
1,593	Quinoa	Grain	Beverages	Low glycemic index and increased protein content in a novel quinoa milk was determined. Fermented milk supplemented with quinoa flour was done.	8,559
1,594	Breadfruit	Fruit	Food	Eaten raw or cooked.	8,519
1,595	Breadfruit	Seed	Food	Cooked. Firm and close-textured, they are very nutritious, with a flavour somewhat reminiscent of chestnuts	8,519
1,596	Breadfruit	Bark	Medicinal	The bark is used to treat headache. Bark extracts exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against leukaemia cells in tissue culture, and extracts from roots and stem barks showed some antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and may have potential in treating tumours	8,519
1,597	Breadfruit	Flower	Food	Male inflorescence, Cooked and used as a vegetable or used in the preparation of a sweetmeat	8,519
1,598	Breadfruit	Flower	Medicinal	The toasted flowers are rubbed on the gums around aching teeth to ease pain. An extract from the flowers is effective in treating ear oedema	8,519
1,599	Breadfruit	Leaf	Medicinal	yellowing leaf is brewed into a tea and taken to reduce high blood pressure. The tea is also thought to control diabetes	8,519
1,600	Breadfruit	Root	Medicinal	Pressed fluid of the root is used in the treatment of respiratory ailments which include difficult, painful breathing. When macerated it is used as a poultice for skin ailments.	8,519
1,601	Breadfruit	Fruit	Medicinal	Fluid pressed from young fruit is given to treat an illness which causes pain in the lungs and vomiting of blood	8,519
1,602	Avocado	Fruit	Food	Consumption of the fruit is most often as an uncooked savoury dish mixed with herbs and/or spices, as an ingredient of vegetable salads, or as a sweetened dessert (Indonesia, the Philippines).	8,581
1,603	Avocado	Fruit	Industrial	The oil is used by the cosmetic industry in soaps and skin moisturizer products.	8,581
1,604	Passionfruit	Fruit	Food	The fruit may be eaten fresh, but mostly the pulp is extracted and preserved by heating or cooling.	8,593
1,605	Passionfruit	Fruit	Beverages	The juice has a unique and intense flavor and high acidity which makes it a natural concentrate. When sweetened and diluted it is very palatable and blends well with other fruit juices.	8,593
1,606	Jicama Yam Bean	Root	Industrial	An extract of the root is used as an ingredient in commercial cosmetic preparations as a skin conditioner.	8,673
1,607	Indian Mulberry	Fruit	Food	The unripe fruit is used in Indian cooking in sambals and curries.	8,674
1,608	Indian Mulberry	Fruit	Beverages	The ripe fruit is made into a beverage with sugar or syrup.	8,674
1,609	Indian Mulberry	Leaf	Food	Young leaves and blanched shoots can be consume raw, steamed or added to curries.	8,674
1,610	Indian Mulberry	Fruit	Medicinal	The fruits are used as a diuretic, a laxative, an emollient and as an emmenagogue, for treating asthma and other respiratory problems, as a treatment for arthritic and comparable inflammations, in cases of leucorrhoea and sapraemia and for maladies of the inner organs	8,674
1,611	Indian Mulberry	Root	Industrial	A red dye is obtained from the root bark. The basis of the morindone dyeing matter, called Turkish red, is the hydrolysed (red) form of the glycoside morindin. This is the most abundant anthraquinone which is mainly found in the root bark.	8,674
1,612	Pineapple Guava	Fruit	Food	The fruit is best eaten raw but it can also be made into pies, cakes, puddings, jams, jellies	8,722
1,613	Pineapple Guava	Root	Environmental	The shallow root system holds the soil and prevents erosion	8,722
1,614	Pineapple Guava	Wood	Industrial	The wood is moderately heavy, compact, elastic, splits easily, very durable even in adverse conditions which can be used for small works.	8,722
1,615	Paddy	Seed	Food	It is usually either boiled or steamed and can be eaten in a wide variety of both savory and sweet dishes.	8,774
1,616	Paddy	Seed	Medicinal	The seeds are taken internally in the treatment of urinary dysfunction.	8,774
1,617	Paddy	Seed	Industrial	Rice starch it is also used in cosmetics, laundering starch and textiles	8,774
1,618	Paddy	Whole (without root)	Industrial	Rice straw is used for weaving into hats, shoes, etc. It is also used for making and repairing thatched houses in Bangladesh, Nepal and India and also used for construction of grain storage structures, ropes, packaging material and bags in India.	8,774
1,619	Fava (Faba) Bean	Whole (without root)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Faba bean is a multipurpose crop used for both food and fodder (hay, silage and straw).	8,775
1,620	Fava (Faba) Bean	Seed	Food	Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a legume crop grown primarily for its edible seeds (beans). Faba bean is a major legume seed consumed by humans worldwide	8,775
1,621	Fava (Faba) Bean	Seed	Medicinal	Said to be used for diuretic, expectorant, and tonic.	8,775
1,622	Bambara Groundnut	Seed	Food	Bambara groundnut is grown primarily for its seeds, which are used in many types of foods, some of which are an important part of the diet and play a role in traditional ceremonies (e.g. funeral rites) and gift exchanges. Mature, dry seeds are boiled and eaten as a pulse.	8,777
1,623	Bambara Groundnut	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The seeds are fed to pigs and poultry, and the leafy shoots are used as fodder.	8,777
1,624	Bambara Groundnut	Leaf	Medicinal	In Senegal leaf preparations are applied to abscesses and infected wounds, leaf sap is applied to the eyes to treat epilepsy.	8,777
1,625	Potato	Tuber	Food	Potatoes are a very versatile food that can be used in a wide variety of ways.	8,776
1,626	Bambara Groundnut	Root	Medicinal	The roots are sometimes taken as an aphrodisiac.	8,777
1,627	Bambara Groundnut	Seed	Medicinal	Pounded seeds mixed with water are administered to treat cataracts. The Igbo in Nigeria use the plant to treat venereal diseases.	8,777
1,628	Potato	Tuber	Food	The cooked potato can also be dried and made into a powder and then used as a thickener in soups.	8,776
1,629	Potato	Tuber	Medicinal	A juice made from the tubers, when taken in moderation, can be helpful in the treatment of peptic ulcers, bringing relief from pain and acidity. A poultice has been made from boiling potatoes in water and applied as hot as can be to rheumatic joints, swellings, skin rashes, haemorrhoids	8,776
1,630	Potato	Tuber	Industrial	The tubers are a source of starch that is used in sizing cotton and to make industrial alcohol.	8,776
1,631	Potato	Tuber	Industrial	Emollient and cleansing face masks are made from potatoes, these are used to treat hard, greasy and wrinkled skins.	8,776
1,632	Sweet Potato	Tuber	Food	Sweet potato are used mainly for human consumption in most tropical countries.	8,751
1,633	Rhubarb	Stem	Food	Leaf stem can be eaten raw or cooked. An acid flavour, they are used as a fruit substitute in tarts etc.	8,778
1,634	Sweet Potato	Tuber	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Sweet potato are used as feed.	8,751
1,635	Sweet Potato	Tuber	Industrial	In temperate Asia is produced for industrial purposes, mainly for starch and alcohol.	8,751
1,636	Rhubarb	Root	Medicinal	Rhubarb has a long and proven history of herbal usage, its main effect being a positive and balancing effect upon the whole digestive system. It is one of the most widely used herbs in Chinese medicine. The root is anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitumor, aperient, astringent, cholagogue, demulcent, diuretic, laxative, purgative, stomachic and tonic	8,778
1,637	Sweet Potato	Leaf	Food	Young shoots are often consumed as a green vegetable.	8,751
1,638	Fig-leaved Gourd	Fruit	Food	Fig-leaf gourd is mainly grown for its large fruits. The tender immature fruits are used like summer squash or cucumber.	8,779
1,639	Fig-leaved Gourd	Leaf	Food	The young leaves and vine tips may be prepared as a green vegetable.	8,779
1,640	Fig-leaved Gourd	Whole	Ornamental	Fig-leaf gourd is also cultivated for its ornamental watermelon-like fruits and abundant foliage.	8,779
1,641	Fig-leaved Gourd	Flower	Food	The male flowers and buds are used in soups, stews and salads.	8,779
1,642	Jerusalem Artichoke	Tuber	Food	Edible tuber which is served as a vegetable dish.	8,767
1,643	Jerusalem Artichoke	Tuber	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Pigs, chickens and rabbits relish the raw tubers. The fresh foliage may serve as a forage, mainly for horses, mules and ruminants.	8,767
1,644	Fig-leaved Gourd	Fruit	Beverages	The flesh of the mature fruits is often impregnated with sugar, and the resulting product used as candy or "dulce". It may also be fermented to make an alcoholic beverage.	8,779
1,645	Jerusalem Artichoke	Whole (without root)	Ornamental	Early-flowering cultivars are popular as ornamentals.	8,767
1,646	Common Wheat	Grain	Food	Fine ground, it is the source of flour for the world's breadmaking.	5,301
1,647	Common Wheat	Grain	Beverages	Grain also is the source of alcoholic beverages.	5,301
1,648	Common Wheat	Seed (dry)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Bran from flour milling also an important livestock feed; germ is valuable addition to feed concentrate.	5,301
1,649	Jerusalem Artichoke	Tuber	Medicinal	H. tuberosus have aperient, aphrodisiac, cholagogue, diuretic, spermatogenic, stomachic, and tonic effects and has been utilized as a folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism.	8,780
1,650	Jerusalem Artichoke	Tuber	Industrial	H. tuberosus tubers are an important source of fructose for industry. It can be used to make sweetening and inulin-rich floury products.	8,780
1,651	Common Wheat	Whole (without root)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Wheat grown for grain crop is also used for pasture before the stems elongate and as a temporary pasturage; it is nutritious and palatable	5,301
1,652	Common Wheat	Seed	Medicinal	The seeds are used in folk remedies for cancers, corns, tumors, warts, and whitlow. Reported to be antivinous, bilious, demulcent, discutient, diuretic, emollient, excipient, intoxicant, laxative, useful as a poultice, restorative, sedative, used as a shampoo and vulnerary	5,301
1,653	Common Wheat	Forage (dry)	Industrial	Straw made into mats, carpets, baskets, and used for packing material, cattle bedding, and paper manufacturing.	5,301
1,654	Hausa Potato	Whole	Ornamental	Arrow arum can be used as an ornamental in water or bog gardens.	8,782
1,655	Hausa Potato	Whole	Environmental	Because its root masses often knit together, arrow arum has been used to stabilize submersed sediments. The foliage and stems form a wavedeflecting barrier, and the foliage also provides cover for waterfowl, wading birds, aquatic mammals, and insects.	8,782
1,656	Hausa Potato	Tuber	Food	Native Americans used the dried, pulverized roots as flour for bread.	8,782
1,657	Hausa Potato	Fruit	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The berries are a food source for wood ducks, king rails, mallards, muskrats, and certain turtles.	8,782
1,658	Endive	Leaf	Food	Endive is most commonly eaten as a fresh green in salads, for which curly-leaved types are often preferred. Plants for salads are sometimes blanched to reduce bitterness. Endive is used as a substitute for lettuce in the tropics as it is more resistant to diseases.	8,781
1,659	Hausa Potato	Fruit	Food	The fruit was sometimes cooked and eaten like peas.	8,782
1,660	Endive	Leaf	Medicinal	The plant is used as a resolvent and cooling medicine, and in the treatment of bilious complaints. It has a similar but milder effect to chicory (Cichorium intybus) and so is a very beneficial tonic to the liver and digestive system.	8,781
1,661	Maize	Grain	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Feed for livestock and poultry, particularly in the industrialized countries of the temperate zones, providing over twothirds of the total trade in feed grains	8,783
1,662	Maize	Grain	Industrial	Most industrial products are usually obtained by the wetmilling process, in which the grain is steeped, after which the germ and bran are separated from the endosperm. The main product is starch. Oil obtained from the germ is made into soap or glycerine.	8,783
1,663	Hemp/Marijuana 'var. indica'	Whole	Medicinal	Plants are generally cultivated for active ingredients with intoxicating effects in humans; tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabidiol (CBD).	8,788
1,664	Hemp/Marijuana	Whole	Medicinal	Plants are generally cultivated for active ingredients with intoxicating effects in humans; tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabidiol (CBD).	8,788
1,665	Hemp/Marijuana	Whole (without root)	Fibre	Fibres are used to make ropes, canvas and fishnets.	8,789
1,666	Green Arrow Arum	Fruit	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The berries are eaten by the Wood Duck, Mallard, and King Rail.	8,791
1,667	Fig-leaved Gourd	Seed	Medicinal	The seed complete with the husk is ground into a flour that is made into an emulsion with water and taken as a vermifuge	8,792
1,668	Fig-leaved Gourd	Fruit	Medicinal	Fig-leaved gourd consumption by diabetic patients has a hypoglycaemic effect, making it an appropriate medicine against diabetes mellitus	8,792
1,669	Paper Mulberry	Bark	Fibre	Fibre from the inner bark of paper mulberry has been used to make paper and textile fabric for clothing.	8,798
1,670	Paper Mulberry	Bark	Industrial	The timber is used for furniture, crates, pallets, picture frames and plywood.	8,798
1,671	Paper Mulberry	Leaf	Food	The young leaves are eaten as a steamed vegetable.	8,798
1,672	Paper Mulberry	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The leaves are fed to livestock in Ghana, to pigs in Indo-China and to silkworms in China.	8,798
1,673	Paper Mulberry	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are used as a laxative and a diaphoretic.	8,798
1,674	Paper Mulberry	Fruit	Medicinal	The fruit used as pectoral, stomachic and tonic.	8,798
1,675	Paper Mulberry	Bark	Medicinal	The bark is taken against dysentery and haemorrhage and the latex applied externally to treat snake- and dog-bites and bee stings.	8,798
1,676	Paper Mulberry	Root	Medicinal	The root bark is used for the depigmentation of the skin.	8,798
1,677	Paper Mulberry	Whole	Environmental	It can fix soils and preventing further erosion due to its dichotomous root system. When growing in areas polluted by heavy metals it has been shown to concentrate these metals in its tissues. It makes a good shelterbelt and windbreak	8,799
1,678	Paper Mulberry	Seed	Industrial	An oil from the seeds is used in soap and lacquer oil production.	8,799
1,679	Paper Mulberry	Whole	Industrial	The tree (part not specified) produces a natural green to yellow-green dye.	8,799
1,680	Moringa	Leaf	Food	The leaves are eaten as a salad, cooked, and in soups and sauces.	8,813
1,681	Moringa	Flower	Food	Flowers are sometimes eaten as a vegetable, added to sauces or used to make tea.	8,813
1,682	Moringa	Fruit	Food	The young fruits are eaten as a vegetable (‘drumsticks’ or ‘bâtons mouroungue’), older fruits are added to sauces.	8,813
1,683	Guava	Fruit	Food	The fruit of the guava is highly valued and used in a number of different ways. It is very high in vitamin C, and also contains large amounts of vitamin A . The fruit can be eaten raw, but uncooked guavas are usually sliced and used in salads or desserts.	8,818
1,684	Guava	Fruit	Beverages	Guava juice and guava nectar are popular beverages, while guava syrup can be used to flavour desserts. Green guavas can also be used as a source of pectin, while small and overripe fruit are utilised as a source of ascorbic acid for various foods and drinks.	8,818
1,685	Guava	Wood	Industrial	The wood of the guava tree is yellow to red, and is suitable for carpentry and turnery. It can also be used as a fuelwood, and to make charcoal. The wood also serves for use as fenceposts and tool handles on farm implements. The bark is used for tanning hides, while the leaves produce a black dye.	8,818
1,686	Guava	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	Goats and sheep can be used for control, as they graze leaves and strip the bark.	8,818
1,687	Dogfruit	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are applied externally to cuts and scabies.	8,828
1,688	Dogfruit	Wood	Industrial	The wood is used for light construction, furniture, cabinet work, canoes.	8,828
1,689	Dogfruit	Seed	Food	A. jiringa beans are usually consumed raw, roasted or fried and are available on market most of the year.	8,828
1,690	Akee	Fruit	Food	Mature seed arils are eaten. They are not largely consumed in Africa, but considered a delicacy in some other parts of the world where Blighia sapida has been introduced. Ackee is also the national fruit of Jamaica.	8,832
1,691	Akee	Wood	Industrial	Wood of Blighia sapida, known as ‘achin’ or ‘tsana’, is mainly used for light construction and furniture, but sometimes also for casks, boxes, crates, food containers, packing cases, tool handles, paddles, pestles, mortars, handicrafts, carving and turnery. It is suitable for interior trim, joinery and railway sleepers. In Ghana, it is used as a substitute for niangon (Heritiera utilis (Sprague) Sprague). The wood is also used as firewood and for charcoal production.	8,832
1,692	Akee	Bark	Medicinal	Bark and leaf decoctions are administered to treat oedema, intercostal pain, dysentery and diarrhoea.	8,832
1,693	Moringa	Seed	Environmental	The whole or pounded seeds have long been used to purify water in Sudan.	8,813
1,694	Moringa	Seed	Food	The fried seeds are eaten in Nigeria and are said to taste like groundnuts.	8,813
1,695	Moringa	Seed	Oil (Food)	The seed oil, known as ‘Ben oil’ or ‘Behen oil’, can be used for cooking.	8,813
1,696	Moringa	Seed	Industrial	‘Moringa acid oil’, consisting of fatty acids from the seed oil, is used as a lubricant and to make soap.	8,813
1,697	Moringa	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	The leaves are eaten by livestock, especially goats, camels and donkeys.	8,813
1,698	Moringa	Bark	Industrial	The soft wood burns smoke-free and yields a blue dye.	8,813
1,699	Moringa	Whole	Medicinal	The horseradish tree is a nutritious, diuretic, laxative herb that is expectorant, increases milk flow, controls bacterial infections and is rubefacient when applied topically	8,833
1,700	Moringa	Leaf	Beverages	Moringa tea is made from the leaves of the Moringa oleifera plant.	8,835
1,701	Soursop	Fruit	Food	NULL	8,836
1,702	Soursop	Fruit	Medicinal	NULL	8,836
1,703	Pomegranate	Fruit	Food	A multipurpose tree, it is particularly valued for its edible fruit.	8,843
1,704	Pomegranate	Fruit	Medicinal	The juice of the fruit is used to treat jaundice and diarrhoea	8,843
1,705	Pomegranate	Fruit	Industrial	A red dye is obtained from the flowers and also from the rind of unripened fruits.	8,843
1,706	Pomegranate	Whole	Environmental	A deep rooting tree, it is important in soil erosion control, and is planted along rivers to stabilize banks	8,843
1,707	Cherry Guava	Fruit	Food	The fruit can be used in jellies, jams, custards, drinks etc.	8,845
1,708	Cherry Guava	Root	Medicinal	The roots are astringent, diuretic. They have been recommended as an effective treatment for haemorrhages.	8,845
1,709	Cherry Guava	Whole	Ornamental	NULL	8,845
1,710	Cherry Guava	Bark	Industrial	The wood is used for lathe work, tool handles and for objects that require much resistance.	8,845
1,711	Pitahaya	Fruit	Food	It is frequently cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas (especially America), both for its edible fruit.	8,846
1,712	Pitahaya	Whole	Ornamental	It is frequently cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas (especially America), both for its edible fruit, which is often sold in American markets, and as an ornamental.	8,846
1,713	Argan	Seed	Food	NULL	9,301
1,714	Argan	Fruit	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,302
1,715	Argan	Wood	Industrial	NULL	9,302
1,716	Argan	Fruit	Oil (Food)	NULL	9,303
1,717	Cole's Wattle	Seed	Food	NULL	9,304
1,718	Cole's Wattle	Seed	Beverages	NULL	9,304
1,719	Cole's Wattle	Bark	Medicinal	NULL	9,304
1,720	Silver Sagebrush	Whole (without root)	Food	NULL	9,305
1,721	Silver Sagebrush	Whole (without root)	Medicinal	NULL	9,305
1,722	Corn Rocket	Leaf	Food	Leaves and young stems can be eaten raw or cooked	9,306
1,723	Mugnoli/Wild Cabbage	Leaf	Food	NULL	9,307
1,724	Chickpea	Seed (dry)	Food	NULL	9,308
1,725	Chickpea	Seed	Beverages	NULL	9,309
1,726	Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii)	Wood	Industrial	NULL	9,311
1,727	Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii)	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,312
1,728	Prince's Feather	Leaf	Food	NULL	9,314
1,729	Prince's Feather	Whole	Industrial	NULL	9,314
1,730	Gum-arabic	Bark	Food	NULL	9,315
1,731	Gum-arabic	Pod (fresh)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,315
1,732	Gum-arabic	Bark	Fibre	NULL	9,316
1,733	Carob	Seed	Food	NULL	9,317
1,734	Carob	Seed	Beverages	NULL	9,317
1,735	Carob	Pod	Medicinal	NULL	9,317
1,736	Carob	Pod	Industrial	NULL	9,317
1,737	Turpentine Tree	Seed	Food	NULL	9,319
1,738	Turpentine Tree	Whole	Industrial	NULL	9,319
1,739	Mastic Tree	Bark	Food	NULL	9,320
1,740	Mastic Tree	Bark	Medicinal	NULL	9,320
1,741	Mastic Tree	Bark	Industrial	NULL	9,320
1,742	Azarole	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,321
1,743	Azarole	Fruit	Medicinal	NULL	9,321
1,744	Azarole	Wood	Industrial	NULL	9,321
1,745	Quince	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,322
1,746	Quince	Seed (dry)	Beverages	NULL	9,322
1,747	Quince	Fruit	Medicinal	NULL	9,322
1,748	Quince	Seed	Industrial	NULL	9,322
1,749	Marjoram	Leaf	Food	NULL	9,324
1,750	Marjoram	Leaf	Beverages	NULL	9,324
1,751	Marjoram	Whole (without root)	Medicinal	NULL	9,324
1,752	Marjoram	Whole (without root)	Oil (Fuel)	NULL	9,325
1,753	Caper (Capparis spinosa)	Flower	Food	NULL	9,326
1,754	Apricot	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,327
1,755	Apricot	Seed	Industrial	NULL	9,328
1,756	Fig Plant	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,329
1,757	Fig Plant	Fruit	Medicinal	NULL	9,331
1,758	Fig Plant	Seed (dry)	Industrial	NULL	9,330
1,759	Bay Leaves	Leaf	Food	NULL	9,332
1,760	Bay Leaves	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	9,334
1,761	Bay Leaves	Fruit	Industrial	NULL	9,333
1,762	Bay Leaves	Leaf	Beverages	NULL	9,333
1,763	Globe Artichoke	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	9,335
1,764	Globe Artichoke	Flower	Food	NULL	9,336
1,765	Globe Artichoke	Flower	Food	NULL	9,336
1,766	Taro (Cocoyam)	Corm	Food	NULL	9,337
1,767	Taro (Cocoyam)	Stem	Food	NULL	9,337
1,768	Taro (Cocoyam)	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	9,337
1,769	Date Palm	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,338
1,770	Date Palm	Stem	Beverages	NULL	9,339
1,771	Date Palm	Stem	Medicinal	NULL	9,339
1,772	Calabash	Fruit	Medicinal	NULL	9,340
1,773	Calabash	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,341
1,774	Calabash	Seed	Beverages	NULL	9,341
1,775	Calabash	Seed	Food	NULL	9,341
1,776	Calabash	Seed Coat	Industrial	NULL	9,341
1,777	Smooth Loofah	Fruit	Industrial	NULL	9,342
1,778	Smooth Loofah	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,343
1,779	Sweet Almond	Seed	Medicinal	NULL	9,344
1,780	Sweet Almond	Seed	Food	NULL	9,345
1,781	Sweet Almond	Seed	Beverages	NULL	9,345
1,782	Sweet Almond	Seed	Industrial	NULL	9,345
1,783	Pomegranate	Seed	Medicinal	NULL	9,346
1,784	Pomegranate	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,347
1,785	Pomegranate	Fruit	Beverages	NULL	9,348
1,786	Pomegranate	Fruit	Industrial	NULL	9,347
1,787	English Walnut	Seed	Food	NULL	9,349
1,788	English Walnut	Seed	Industrial	NULL	9,350
1,789	English Walnut	Leaf	Beverages	NULL	9,350
1,790	Hazel Nut	Seed	Food	NULL	9,351
1,791	Hazel Nut	Seed	Food	NULL	9,351
1,792	Hazel Nut	Seed	Medicinal	NULL	9,351
1,793	Hazel Nut	Seed	Industrial	NULL	9,351
1,794	Common Plum	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,352
1,795	Common Plum	Fruit	Medicinal	NULL	9,353
1,796	Loquat	Flower	Medicinal	NULL	9,354
1,797	Loquat	Seed	Beverages	NULL	9,355
1,798	Loquat	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,355
1,799	Sicilian Sumac	Seed	Medicinal	NULL	9,356
1,800	Sicilian Sumac	Seed	Food	NULL	9,357
1,801	Terebinth	Seed	Food	NULL	9,358
1,802	Terebinth	Seed	Industrial	NULL	9,359
1,803	Greek Sage	Leaf	Beverages	NULL	9,360
1,804	Greek Sage	Flower	Medicinal	NULL	9,361
1,805	Greek Sage	Leaf	Food	NULL	9,362
1,806	Greek Sage	Leaf	Beverages	NULL	9,362
1,807	Greek Sage	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	9,362
1,808	Headed Savory	Whole	Food	NULL	9,363
1,809	Headed Savory	Leaf	Beverages	NULL	9,363
1,810	Headed Savory	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	9,364
1,811	Damask Rose	Flower	Industrial	NULL	9,365
1,812	Damask Rose	Shoot	Food	NULL	9,366
1,813	Broadleaf Wild Leek	Bulb	Food	NULL	9,367
1,814	Broadleaf Wild Leek	Bulb	Food	NULL	9,367
1,815	Broadleaf Wild Leek	Whole	Industrial	NULL	9,367
1,816	Broadleaf Wild Leek	Bulb	Medicinal	NULL	9,367
1,817	Field Garlic	Flower	Food	NULL	9,368
1,818	Wild Garlic	Flower	Food	NULL	9,369
1,819	Wild Garlic	Leaf	Food	NULL	9,369
1,820	Spiral Aloe	Whole	Ornamental	NULL	9,370
1,821	Smooth Pigweed	Seed	Food	NULL	9,371
1,822	Smooth Pigweed	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	9,371
1,823	Smooth Pigweed	Whole	Industrial	NULL	9,371
1,824	Rapeseed	Seed	Food	NULL	9,372
1,825	Rapeseed	Seed	Oil (Food)	NULL	9,372
1,826	Rapeseed	Forage (dry)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,372
1,827	Rapeseed	Seed	Industrial	NULL	9,372
1,828	Rapeseed	Seed	Medicinal	NULL	9,372
1,829	Potato	Tuber	Food	NULL	9,374
1,830	Potato	Tuber	Industrial	NULL	9,374
1,831	Garden Pea	Seed	Food	NULL	9,376
1,832	Garden Pea	Seed	Industrial	NULL	9,376
1,833	Rye	Grain	Food	NULL	9,377
1,834	Rye	Grain	Industrial	NULL	9,378
1,835	Rye	Forage (dry)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,378
1,836	Rye	Forage (dry)	Oil (Fuel)	NULL	9,378
1,837	Sugar Beet	Root	Food	NULL	9,379
1,838	Sugar Beet	Root	Medicinal	NULL	9,379
1,839	Fava (Faba) Bean	Forage (dry)	Industrial	NULL	9,380
1,840	Fava (Faba) Bean	Seed	Food	NULL	9,380
1,841	Giant Taro	Corm	Food	NULL	9,381
1,842	Giant Taro	Stem	Medicinal	NULL	9,381
1,843	Suweg	Root	Medicinal	NULL	9,382
1,844	Swamp Taro	Tuber	Food	NULL	9,383
1,845	Swamp Taro	Leaf	Industrial	NULL	9,383
1,846	Yautia	Corm	Food	NULL	9,384
1,847	Fonio	Grain	Food	NULL	9,385
1,848	Fonio	Forage (dry)	Oil (Fuel)	NULL	9,385
1,849	Fonio	Forage (dry)	Industrial	NULL	9,385
1,850	Cashew	Fruit	Oil (Food)	NULL	9,386
1,851	Cashew	Fruit	Industrial	NULL	9,386
1,852	Cashew	Fruit	Beverages	NULL	9,386
1,853	Cashew	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,386
1,854	Cashew	Stem	Medicinal	NULL	9,386
1,855	Peach Palm	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,387
1,856	Peach Palm	Fruit	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,387
1,857	Peach Palm	Fruit	Oil (Food)	NULL	9,388
1,858	Tree-tomato	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,389
1,859	Tree-tomato	Leaf	Industrial	NULL	9,389
1,860	Tree-tomato	Whole	Ornamental	NULL	9,389
1,861	Euterpe Palm	Wood	Food	NULL	9,390
1,862	Euterpe Palm	Fruit	Beverages	NULL	9,390
1,863	Euterpe Palm	Fruit	Medicinal	NULL	9,390
1,864	Euterpe Palm	Fruit	Industrial	NULL	9,392
1,865	Camu-camu	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,393
1,866	Naranjilla	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,394
1,867	Naranjilla	Fruit	Beverages	NULL	9,396
1,868	Asparagus	Seed	Beverages	NULL	9,397
1,869	Asparagus	Stem	Food	NULL	9,397
1,870	Carrot	Seed	Oil (Food)	NULL	9,400
1,871	Carrot	Seed	Industrial	NULL	9,401
1,872	Carrot	Root	Beverages	NULL	9,402
1,873	Carrot	Root	Food	NULL	9,400
1,874	Carrot	Seed	Medicinal	NULL	9,404
1,875	Carrot	Leaf	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,402
1,876	Cabbage	Leaf	Food	NULL	9,405
1,877	Cabbage	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	9,406
1,878	Cauliflower	Flower	Food	NULL	9,407
1,879	Chives	Flower	Food	NULL	9,411
1,880	Chives	Whole	Industrial	NULL	9,411
1,881	Ilama	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,413
1,882	Saskatoon	Leaf	Beverages	NULL	9,414
1,883	Saskatoon	Wood	Industrial	NULL	9,414
1,884	Saskatoon	Fruit	Medicinal	NULL	9,414
1,885	Saskatoon	Bark	Food	NULL	9,414
1,886	Cut Nut	Seed	Oil (Food)	NULL	9,417
1,887	Cut Nut	Seed	Industrial	NULL	9,417
1,888	Cut Nut	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,417
1,889	Cut Nut	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,417
1,890	Sweet Wormwood	Leaf	Oil (Food)	NULL	9,418
1,891	Sweet Wormwood	Whole	Medicinal	NULL	9,418
1,892	Sweet Wormwood	Leaf	Industrial	NULL	9,418
1,893	Sweet Wormwood	Whole	Beverages	NULL	9,418
1,894	Saba Nut	Wood	Industrial	NULL	9,419
1,895	Saba Nut	Seed	Food	NULL	9,419
1,896	Fraser Fir	Whole	Ornamental	NULL	9,420
1,897	Fraser Fir	Bark	Food	NULL	9,421
1,898	Fraser Fir	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,420
1,899	Fraser Fir	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	9,421
1,900	Fraser Fir	Shoot	Beverages	NULL	9,421
1,901	Fraser Fir	Wood	Industrial	NULL	9,421
1,902	Karatas	Fruit	Beverages	NULL	9,422
1,903	Karatas	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,422
1,904	Karatas	Whole	Medicinal	NULL	9,422
1,905	Karatas	Whole	Industrial	NULL	9,422
1,906	White Pea	Seed	Food	NULL	9,423
1,907	White Pea	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,425
1,908	White Pea	Whole	Industrial	NULL	9,426
1,909	Peanut Butter Fruit	Fruit	Food	NULL	9,427
1,910	Peanut Butter Fruit	Fruit	Beverages	NULL	9,428
1,911	Castor Oil Plant	Seed	Industrial	NULL	9,430
1,912	Castor Oil Plant	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,430
1,916	Hemp/Marijuana	Seed	Industrial	NULL	9,433
1,917	Hemp/Marijuana	Leaf	Food	NULL	9,433
1,918	Hemp/Marijuana	Leaf	Medicinal	NULL	9,433
1,919	Chicory	Leaf	Food	NULL	9,434
1,920	Chicory	Forage (dry)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,434
1,921	Chicory	Root	Beverages	NULL	9,434
1,922	Hop	Flower	Beverages	NULL	9,435
1,923	Hop	Flower	Industrial	NULL	9,435
1,924	Hop	Leaf	Food	NULL	9,435
1,925	Common Buckwheat	Seed	Food	NULL	9,436
1,926	Common Buckwheat	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,436
1,927	Common Buckwheat	Whole	Industrial	NULL	9,436
1,928	Cowpea	Seed	Food	NULL	9,437
1,929	Cowpea	Forage (dry)	Industrial	NULL	9,437
1,930	Galip	Seed	Food	NULL	9,438
1,931	Galip	Seed	Oil (Food)	NULL	9,438
1,932	Purple Amaranth	Leaf	Food	NULL	9,439
1,933	Purple Amaranth	Seed	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,439
1,934	Purple Amaranth	Whole	Ornamental	NULL	9,439
1,935	Einkorn Wheat	Grain	Food	NULL	9,441
1,936	Emmer	Grain	Food	NULL	9,442
1,937	Emmer	Whole	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,442
1,938	Spelt Wheat	Grain	Food	NULL	9,443
1,939	Rivet Wheat	Grain	Food	NULL	9,444
1,940	Rivet Wheat	Seed	Beverages	NULL	9,444
1,941	Common Wheat	Grain	Food	NULL	9,445
1,942	Common Wheat	Grain	Beverages	NULL	9,445
1,943	Common Wheat	Forage (dry)	Fibre	NULL	9,445
1,944	Common Wheat	Forage (dry)	Feed (Forage/Fodder)	NULL	9,445
1,945	Common Wheat	Forage (dry)	Industrial	NULL	9,445
1,946	Pili Nut	Seed	Food	NULL	9,446
1,947	Pili Nut	Seed Coat	Industrial	NULL	9,446
1,948	Pili Nut	Wood	Medicinal	NULL	9,446
1,949	Pili Nut	Whole	Ornamental	NULL	9,446
1,950	Swedish Coffee	Seed	Food	The roasted seed is used as a coffee substitute	9,447
1,951	Turnip Rape	Seed	Food	NULL	9,448
1,952	Nepali Pepper	Seed	Medicinal	NULL	9,666
1,953	Nepali Pepper	Seed	Food	NULL	9,667
1,954	Kelat Layu	Fruit	Food	The fruits are edible and relished as a snack	9,684
1,955	Lotong	Fruit	Food	This plant mainly grown for the fruits	9,688
1,956	Common peony	Flower	Food	Flowers can be cooked and used as a vegetable or to scent tea	9,689
1,957	Common butterwort	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are antispasmodic and antitussive	9,690
1,958	Common butterwort	Leaf	Food	The plant can be used to curdle plant milks. The milk is poured over a strainer on which fresh leaves of common butterwort have been laid. The milk is then left for a day or two until it sours when it becomes solid like yoghurt and is considered to be most delicious	9,690
1,959	Wallrue	Leaf	Medicinal	A distilled water made from the fronds has proved of benefit in the treatment of many eye complaints. The plant is also considered to be useful in the treatment of coughs and ruptures in children	9,691
1,960	Great masterwort	Flower	Ornamental	The flowers are used for winter decoration and suitable for cut flowers	9,692
1,961	Vingerblaarertjie	Root	Medicinal	The roots are used in the treatment of malaria-like illnesses and severe headaches.	9,694
1,962	Vingerblaarertjie	Whole	Industrial	The plant (part not specified) is said to yield a blue dye	9,694
1,963	Mugnoli/Wild Cabbage	Leaves and petioles	Food	The leaves and stems are edible raw	9,695
1,964	Markou	Leaf	Food	The leaves are collected from the wild and eaten cooked in sauces with rice or couscous.	9,696
1,965	Markou	Leaf	Medicinal	The leaves are taken as a laxative. Cooked leaves are given to children suffering from kwashiorkor	9,696
1,966	Markou	Root	Medicinal	The root is eaten as an aphrodisiac, used in the treatment of venereal diseases, to prevent abortion and to ease childbirth.	9,696
1,967	Corn Rocket	Root	Food	Root can be eaten raw, sliced thinly or grated and then be added to salads	9,697
1,968	Spiral Aloe	Whole	Medicinal	Some laboratories investigations indicate potential medicinal properties with further chemical analysis.	9,698
1,969	Yellow Water Lily	Root	Food	The rootstocks are consumed by the native people. The roots are boiled or roasted for several hours. The rootstocks are said to have a high level of tannins, therefore, they are leached before consumed.	9,733
1,970	Yellow Water Lily	Whole	Medicinal	In China, the plant is used to invigorate, to check bleeding, to promote urination, and to allay pain in the joints of the elderly.	9,733