Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 125
Crop ID Breadfruit
Part Fruit
Reported Factor Trypsin inhibitors
Effect NULL
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method Trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinin were completely eliminated by cooking
Notes Breadfruits harvested from the same tree on a farm around Ile-Ife, Os... more
Breadfruits harvested from the same tree on a farm around Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria were prepared into meals
Metadata Id 8,576
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 126
Crop ID Breadfruit
Part Fruit
Reported Factor Oxalate
Effect NULL
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method Processing by cooking and soaking reduced the concentration of oxalate a... more
Processing by cooking and soaking reduced the concentration of oxalate and tannin.
Notes Breadfruits harvested from the same tree on a farm around Ile-Ife, Os... more
Breadfruits harvested from the same tree on a farm around Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria were prepared into meals
Metadata Id 8,576
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 127
Crop ID Breadfruit
Part Fruit
Reported Factor Oxalate
Effect NULL
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method Processing by cooking and soaking reduced the concentration of oxalate a... more
Processing by cooking and soaking reduced the concentration of oxalate and tannin.
Notes Breadfruits harvested from the same tree on a farm around Ile-Ife, Os... more
Breadfruits harvested from the same tree on a farm around Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria were prepared into meals
Metadata Id 8,576
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 128
Crop ID Breadfruit
Part Fruit
Reported Factor Tannin
Effect NULL
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method Processing by cooking and soaking reduced the concentration of oxalate a... more
Processing by cooking and soaking reduced the concentration of oxalate and tannin.
Notes Breadfruits harvested from the same tree on a farm around Ile-Ife, Os... more
Breadfruits harvested from the same tree on a farm around Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria were prepared into meals
Metadata Id 8,576
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 129
Crop ID Breadfruit
Part Fruit
Reported Factor Haemagglutinin
Effect NULL
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method Trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinin were completely eliminated by cooking
Notes Breadfruits harvested from the same tree on a farm around Ile-Ife, Os... more
Breadfruits harvested from the same tree on a farm around Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria were prepared into meals
Metadata Id 8,576
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 130
Crop ID Breadfruit
Part Fruit
Reported Factor Phytic acid
Effect NULL
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method Soaking was also effective in reducing phytic acid which was unaffected by ... more
Soaking was also effective in reducing phytic acid which was unaffected by cooking
Notes Breadfruits harvested from the same tree on a farm around Ile-Ife, Os... more
Breadfruits harvested from the same tree on a farm around Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria were prepared into meals
Metadata Id 8,576
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 131
Crop ID Star Gooseberry
Part Leaf
Reported Factor Alkaloid papaverine
Effect Excessive consumption of the leaf causes dizziness, drowsiness, constipatio... more
Excessive consumption of the leaf causes dizziness, drowsiness, constipation. Papaverine in uncooked sauropus affects vasodilation, may cause bronchiolitis obliterans, a progressive respiratory distress disease. the harmful effect is due to consumption of large quantities of uncooked leaves (4.5 kg) and drinking raw juice rather than stir-fried or boiled leaves.
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method NULL
Notes NULL
Metadata Id 8,577
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 132
Crop ID Star Gooseberry
Part Leaf
Reported Factor Tannins
Effect NULL
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method NULL
Notes NULL
Metadata Id 8,577
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 133
Crop ID Star Gooseberry
Part Leaf
Reported Factor Saponins
Effect NULL
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method NULL
Notes NULL
Metadata Id 8,577
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 134
Crop ID Star Gooseberry
Part Leaf
Reported Factor Alkaloids
Effect NULL
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method NULL
Notes NULL
Metadata Id 8,577
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 135
Crop ID Cabbage-tree
Part Leaf
Reported Factor Glucosinolates
Effect Cause goitre but to a lesser extent than expected on the basis of their con... more
Cause goitre but to a lesser extent than expected on the basis of their concentration
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method NULL
Notes NULL
Metadata Id 8,532
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 136
Crop ID Mashua
Part Tuber
Reported Factor Thiocyanates
Effect Thesemetabolize upon being hydrolyzed liberate molecules hydrogen cyanide.
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method The process of cooking, washing and sifting, exposure to sunlight or in com... more
The process of cooking, washing and sifting, exposure to sunlight or in combination lowers the toxicity of the cyanide to values of 9.2 to 9.4 mg per hundred. Cyanide block the transportation of oxygen to the red blood cells
Notes NULL
Metadata Id 8,578
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 137
Crop ID Mashua
Part Tuber
Reported Factor Glucosinolates
Effect These metabolites could be responsible for suppressing of the sexual appeti... more
These metabolites could be responsible for suppressing of the sexual appetite and the lowering of the reproductive potential of the Incas during the military operations of the XVI century, according to popular belief
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method NULL
Notes NULL
Metadata Id 8,578
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 138
Crop ID Fonio
Part Grain
Reported Factor Phytate
Effect It would be expected that lowering of this compound should enhance the con... more
It would be expected that lowering of this compound should enhance the content of such minerals as zinc and iron in the extrudates as phytic acid has been implicated in making these minerals unavailable.
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method Extrusion cooking further reduced the level of phytate in the extrudates.
Notes Notes that the anti-nutritional composition is based on the raw samples.
Metadata Id 8,579
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 139
Crop ID Fonio
Part Grain
Reported Factor Tannin
Effect NULL
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method NULL
Notes Notes that the anti-nutritional composition is based on the raw samples.
Metadata Id 8,579
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 140
Crop ID Fonio
Part Grain
Reported Factor Phenol
Effect NULL
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method NULL
Notes Notes that the anti-nutritional composition is based on the raw samples.
Metadata Id 8,579
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 141
Crop ID Proso Millet
Part Grain
Reported Factor Phytates
Effect Phytates bind certain minerals, particularly multivalent cations including ... more
Phytates bind certain minerals, particularly multivalent cations including Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn, thus made these biologically less available.
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method Dehulling reduces the phytate content by 17-24%. Milling, soaking, cooking,... more
Dehulling reduces the phytate content by 17-24%. Milling, soaking, cooking, fermentation and breadmaking can also reduce phytic acid content of foods.
Notes NULL
Metadata Id 8,580
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 142
Crop ID Proso Millet
Part Grain
Reported Factor Oxalate
Effect Oxalate content has nutritional importance for its interference with calciu... more
Oxalate content has nutritional importance for its interference with calcium availability. The consumtion of foodstuffs rich in oxalate can induce hyperoxaluria.
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method Soluble oxalate can be leached out during normal cooking but in foods they ... more
Soluble oxalate can be leached out during normal cooking but in foods they have probably a major effect on oxalate absorption.
Notes NULL
Metadata Id 8,580
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 143
Crop ID Proso Millet
Part Grain
Reported Factor Enzyme inhibitors
Effect Influence enzymatic activity
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method NULL
Notes NULL
Metadata Id 8,580
Antinutrient and Toxicity ID 144
Crop ID African Rice
Part Grain
Reported Factor Phytic acid
Effect NULL
Cause Toxicity
Cause Allergic Reaction
Reduction Method NULL
Notes NULL
Metadata Id 8,589